The document provides an overview of Estonian taxes and tax structure as of June 1, 2017. It discusses the main principles of Estonia's tax system including a simple tax system and broad tax base with low rates. It then outlines the major taxes in Estonia including direct taxes like personal income tax, corporate income tax, social tax, and land tax as well as indirect taxes like VAT, excise duties, and customs duty. It provides details on the rates and calculations for personal income tax, corporate income tax, social tax, and land tax.

1. ESTONIAN TAXES AND TAX
STRUCTURE
Tax Policy Department
As of June 1, 2017

2. Outline of presentation
• The main principles of the Estonian tax
system, the current tax structure
• Taxation Act
• Direct Taxes (personal income tax, corporate
income tax, special tax for micro entrepreneurs,
social tax, land tax)
• Indirect taxes (VAT, excise duties, gambling
tax, heavy goods vehicle tax, customs duty)

3. Estonian Tax System
The main principles of Estonian tax policy:
• simple tax system
• broad tax base, low rates
„The government’s goal is to shift the tax burden from
taxation of income to taxation of consumption, use of
natural resources and pollution of the environment. At the
same time the system should remain simple and
transparent with as few exceptions and differences as
possible.“

4. Estonian Tax System
To achieve sustainable, socially and regionally
balanced economic growth Estonian tax system
consists of state taxes provided and imposed by
tax acts and local taxes imposed by local
government council in its administrative territory
pursuant to law

5. 1) excise duties;
2) income taxes;
3) gambling tax;
4) value added tax;
5) land tax;
6) social tax;
7) customs duty;
8) heavy goods vehicle tax;
9) special tax for micro
entrepreneurs (as of
2018)
State taxes Local taxes
1) advertisement tax;
2) road and street
closure tax;
3) motor vehicle tax;
4) animal tax;
5) entertainment tax;
6) parking charge.

6. Taxation Act
Taxation act specifies
• Estonian tax system
• main definitions used in all tax acts
• requirements for tax acts
• rights, duties and liability of taxpayers,
withholding agents, guarantors and tax authorities
• regulations of the tax procedure and procedure
for resolution of tax disputes
• interest rate for late payment 0,06% per day

7. Taxation Act
“Tax” is
• a single or periodical financial obligation
• imposed by an Act or by a local government council
regulation according to Local Taxes Act
• for the performance of the public law functions or to
obtain revenue to perform these functions
• subject to performance pursuant to the procedure, in
the amount and on the due dates prescribed by an Act
• collected without direct compensation therefore.

8. Taxation Act
Requirements for Act concerning tax
1) name of the tax;
2) object of taxation;
3) tax rate;
4) taxpayer;
5) recipient of or place of receipt of the tax;
6) due date or term for payment of the tax;
7) procedure for payment of the tax;
8) procedure for implementation of the Act concerning a tax;
9) possible tax incentives.

9. • The tax authority for state taxes is the Tax and
Customs Board with its regional offices. The tax
authority operates within the area of government of
the Ministry of Finance.
• Tax authority verifies the correctness of tax
payments, assesses amounts of tax and interest due
in the cases provided by law, collects tax arrears and
implements sanctions against persons who violate
tax Acts.
Tax Authority

10. • Corporate income tax – 20% on distributed profit
• Personal income tax – 20%
• Social tax – 33% (payable only by employer)
• Unemployment insurance payment – 1,6%
payable by employee and 0,8% payable by
employer
• Contribution to the mandatory funded pension
system - 2% (payable by employee)
• Value added tax - 20% (standard rate), 9%
(reduced rate)
Main tax rates

11. Structure of tax burden (% of GDP)
Source: Statistical Office of Estonia, Ministry of Finance
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018* 2021*
Direct taxes Indirect taxes Social security contributions

12. Tax burden (% of GDP)
Source: Statistical Office of Estonia, Ministry of Finance
35.7%
29%
30%
31%
32%
33%
34%
35%
36%
37%
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017* 2019* 2021*

13. Structure of tax revenue
Source: Statistical Office of Estonia, Ministry of Finance
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2006 2009 2012 2015 2018* 2021*
Personal income tax Corporate income tax Social contributions
VAT Excise duties Land tax
Other taxes

14. Tax Revenue 2016
Total tax revenue 7 531.7 million €
Transmittable taxes* 1 266.1 million €
Source: Ministry of Finance
Personal income
tax*
17%
Corporate
income tax
5%
VAT
26%
Excise duties
13%
Heavy goods
vehicle tax
0%
Customs duty
0%
Social tax
34%
Gambling tax
0%
Land tax*
1%
Unemployment
insurance*…
Mandatory funded pension*
2%

15. Tax Revenue 2016, million € (collected)
* - The amount received by the state + local governments
**- transmittable taxes
Source: Ministry of Finance
State taxes 7 531,7
Direct taxes 4 530,0
Personal income tax* 1 258,7
Corporate income tax 369,1
Social tax 2 547,8
Unemployment insurance payment** 158,1
Mandatory funded pension contribution** 137,8
Land tax** 58,4
Indirect taxes 3 001,7
VAT 1 964,3
Excise duties 970,5
Heavy goods vehicle tax 5,2
Customs tax 34,1
Gambling tax 26,2
Other local taxes** 1,5
Local taxes 14,3

16. • Income tax (personal and corporate income
tax both stipulated in the Income Tax Act)
• Special tax for micro entrepreneurs
• Social tax
• Land tax
Direct taxes

17. • Residents pay tax on their total worldwide
income.
• Non-residents pay tax only on their income
received from Estonian sources.
• Individuals are Estonian residents if they:
- have a permanent home in Estonia, or
- stay in Estonia 183 days or more during
any 12-month period.
Personal income tax

18. Personal income tax
Period of taxation: a calendar year
Tax rate: 20% (separate tax rate 10% for certain pensions
and payments to non-residents)
Decrease of the income tax rate (both for individuals
and legal persons):
Until the year 2004 – 26%
Income of the year 2005 – 24%
Income of the year 2006 – 23%
Income of the year 2007 – 22%
Income of the years 2008-2014 – 21%
Since income of the year 2015 – 20%

19. Personal income tax
Increase of basic exemption (per year):
Income of the year 2003 – 12 000 EEK (767 €)
Income of the year 2004 – 16 800 EEK (1074 €)
Income of the year 2005 – 20 400 EEK (1304 €)
Income of the years 2006- 2007 – 24 000 EEK (1534 €)
Income of the years 2008- 2010 – 27 000 EEK (1726 €)
Income of the years 2011- 2014 – 1 728 €
Income of the year 2015 – 1 848 €
Income of the year 2016 – 2 040 €
Income of the year 2017 – 2 160 € (2 832 €*)
Income of the year 2018 – 6 000- 0 € (regressive)
* Additional exemption for state pensions

20. Personal income tax
Deductions from taxable income
As of 2018 basic exemption 6000€ - 0€ per year.
System operates on a sliding scale – when taxable
income per year exceeds 14 400€ the following
formula applies:
6000-6000/10800x(amount of income – 14 400)

21. Personal income tax
Deductions from taxable income
- Additional deductions for children starting from the second
child 1848€ per year per child
- Mortgage interest – 300€ per year
- Training expenses
- Gifts and donations
(mortgage interest, training expenses, gifts and donations
together cannot exceed 50% of taxable income or 1200€ per
year)
- Payments for supplementary pension – 15% of income, but
not more than 6000€ per year
- Compulsory social insurance benefits
Same benefits also available to an EU resident who earns 75%
of income in Estonia.

22. 26
24
23
22
21
20
19
32 51
64 89
109
128 144
154 170 180
500
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
18
20
22
24
26
28
1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018 2021
%
Income tax rate (left scale) Monthly basic exemption (€, right scale)
€
Income tax reduction

23. Personal income tax
For non-residents there is a limited list of taxable income in the
Income Tax Act:
• income from work under a labour contract or contractor's
agreement in Estonia;
• directors' fees;
• income from a business carried on in Estonia;
• gains from disposal of registered assets located in Estonia;
• income from the lease of assets located in Estonia;
• royalties;
• interest received from the holding in a contractual investment
fund, whose property was made up more than 50 per cent of
immovables in Estonia (in certain conditions);
• income of a sportsman or an artist from his activities in Estonia
• pensions and scholarships.

24. Personal income tax
For non-resident individuals
• Period of taxation is a calendar year
• Tax rates: 20% and 10%

25. Personal income tax
Tax allocation of personal income tax paid by
residents
• The amount received by local governments is 11.6%
of taxable income (deductions are not taken into
account), the excess amount is received by the state
• Income tax paid on pensions and capital gain is
received by the state
Non-residents:
• income tax is received by the state

26. Personal income tax
Avoidance of double taxation
Individuals
Exemption method for foreign dividends and
certain salary income
Credit method for all other types of foreign
income

27. Personal income tax revenue
1994-2021 million €
Source: Statistical Office of Estonia, Ministry of Finance
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018* 2021*
Local government State
Million €

28. Corporate income tax
• Corporate tax reform in year 2000
The moment of taxation of corporate income is
postponed until the distribution of the profits
The system applies to:
• Estonian resident companies
- legal persons that are established pursuant to
Estonian law
• permanent establishments (PE) of non-resident
companies
- PE is an entity through which the business of a
non-resident is carried out in Estonia

29. Corporate income tax
Tax base
• corporate profits distributed in the tax period; dividends
and other profit distributions, incl. liquidation proceeds
and payments made on reduction of company’s equity
or redemption or return of shares
• taxable gifts, donations and representation expenses;
• expenses and payments unrelated to business.
Fringe benefits are taxable at the level of employer.
Losses – taken into account (the Estonian Commercial Code
does not allow to distribute profits if the company has
losses from previous years)

30. Corporate income tax
Tax rate
• Tax rate in 2017: 20% (20/80 of the net amount
of the dividend or other profit distribution)
Period of taxation
• calendar month

31. Corporate income tax
+ qualified
dividend
received
100 EUR
+ foreign
interest
received
100 EUR
(source state
WHT 10)
Donations
200 EUR
Expenses
unrelated to
business
300 EUR
Gifts
100 EUR
1400EURpotentiallytaxableincome
Taxliabilitydeferred
Profit earned
in 2010
200 EUR +
Profit earned
in 2011
1000 EUR
Dividend /
liquidation
640 EUR
Exemption
method
Taxable amount
640 – 100 = 540
CIT (20/80) 25
CIT (20/80) 75
CIT (20/80) 50
CIT (20/80) 135
Credit
method
135 – 10 = 125
Total CIT
liability 275
Time

32. Corporate income tax
Methods introduced in the Estonian Income Tax Act, the goal
of which is to minimize the possibilities for tax fraud and
evasion
• CFC (Controlled Foreign Corporation) rules: residents
have to declare and pay tax on the income of off-shore
companies under their control
• Stricter regulations for minimising the use of transfer-
pricing schemes
• Withholding tax of 20% on all payments to so-called off-
shore companies for services
• Principal purpose test and reverse ’no deduction
without inclusion’ (as of 01.11.2016)

33. Corporate income tax
Avoidance of double taxation
Companies and non-resident’s PEs
Exemption method for qualified (threshold 10%) profit
distributions
the income tax will not be charged on dividends or on
payments upon reduction of share capital or
contributions, redemption of shares or liquidation of a
legal person on certain conditions.
Credit method for all other types of foreign income

34. Corporate income tax revenue
1995-2021
Includes revenue under the prior Income Tax Act (taxable period 1999)
million €
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017*2019*2021*
Million €

35. Structure of declared corporate
income tax 2003-2021
Source: Statistical Office of Estonia, Ministry of Finance
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017* 2019* 2021*
Distributed profit Fringe benfits
Charitable gifts and donations Non-business expenses
Payments to non-resident legal persons
Million €

36. Double tax treaties (DTT)
• Estonia has 57 treaties for the avoidance of
double taxation (income and capital taxes) in
force
• Estonia has concluded DTTs with all EU
Member States and with most of OECD
Member States (except for Australia, Japan,
Chile and New Zealand)

37. Special tax for micro entrepreneurs
• As of 2018 simplified tax regime for small entrepreneurs
(individuals) using special enterprise account in the bank is
introduced
Tax Base
• Gross income from selling goods and providing services
Tax rate
• 20% if income does not exceed 25 000 EUR per year
• 40% if income per year is over 25 000 EUR
The bank automatically transfers 20 % of the received income
to the Tax and Customs Board to cover income tax, social tax
and mandatory funded pension contributions.

38. Social tax
Tax Base
• Employers' payments to individuals (wage
income) – tax payable by employers
• in cash
• in kind (fringe benefits)
• Business income of self- employed– tax
payable by self- employed persons

39. Social tax
Tax rate
• Tax rate is 33 % of the taxable amount
Period of taxation
• Calendar month for wage income
• Calendar year for business income of self-
employed
Social tax payable is personificated and will be
taken into account in making pension payments or
health insurance benefits.

40. • Tax allocation IF the person has joined the II pension pillar
(compulsory for the persons who have born in 1983 or later;
voluntary for older people)
Social tax
Social tax, rate 33% (payable
by employer or self employed
person)
State health
insurance
system
13% 16%
State pension
insurance system
(I pillar)
Personal pension account
of the person (II pillar) 2%
+ 4%= 6%
4%
Contribution to the II
pillar (made by
employee)
2%

41. Social tax revenue and structure
million €
Source: Statistical Office of Estonia, Ministry of Finance
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018* 2021*
Employers' payments to natural persons Fringe benefits
State (according to social tax law §6) Business income of sole proprietors
Social tax
Million €

42. Land tax
Tax base
• Land tax is paid on all land based on the taxable value of land. The
residential land is exempt from tax to the extent of 0.15 hectares in
a densely populated area and to the extent of 2.0 hectares
elsewhere.
Taxable person
• Tax is paid by land owners and in some cases by the land users
Tax rate
• Land tax rate is established by the local government and it ranges
from 0.1-2.5% of the taxable value of land.
• Land tax rate for areas under cultivation and for natural grasslands
ranges from 0.1-2.0 % of the taxable value of the land annually.

43. Indirect taxes
• Value added tax
• Alcohol excise duty
• Tobacco excise duty
• Energy products excise duty
• Packaging excise duty (budget revenues
insignificant)
• Heavy goods vehicle tax
• Gambling Tax

44. Taxable person
• Person whose taxable supply (excluding
import) exceeds 16 000 EUR in a calendar
year (40 000 EUR as of 2018)
• Voluntary compliance possible for anyone,
who carries out economic activity in Estonia
VAT

45. Tax base
VAT is charged on:
• transactions of goods and services within
Estonia
• intra-Community acquisitions of goods and
services
• importation of goods and services
• provision of services which are taxable in
Estonia, supplied by the foreign taxable
person
VAT

46. Tax rates
Standard rate is 20%.
Reduced rate is 9% (books, newspapers,
medicines, accommodation).
Zero rated: export; intra-Community supply;
vessels and aircrafts used on international
routes, including equipment and fuel; goods
and services for consumption supplied on
board of vessels and aircrafts.
VAT

47. Exempted goods and services are:
• postal services
• health services
• social services
• insurance services
• services for the protection of children
• transportation of sick, injured or disabled persons
• supply of immovables
• the leasing and letting of immovables, etc.
VAT

48. VAT revenue 1994-2021
million €
Source: Statistical Office of Estonia, Ministry of Finance
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018* 2021*
Million €

49. Excise duties
Excise duties are levied on:
• Alcohol
• Tobacco
• Fuel
• Electricity
• Packaging
Duty rates on alcohol, tobacco and energy
products meet the EU minimum levels

50. Excise duty rates on alcohol
Unit
Excise duty
rates
01.02.2017
Excise duty
rates
01.07.2017
EU minimum
excise duty
rates
Wine and
fermented
beverage
Hectolitre
(up to 6 %):
53,41 EUR
(> 6 %): 123,18
EUR
(up to 6 %):
77,44 EUR
(> 6 %): 123,18
EUR
0
Beer
1 % alcohol
in hectolitre
9,13
(yearly
production up to
6000 hl): 4,57
EUR
15,52
(yearly
production up
to 6000 hl):
7,76 EUR
1,87 EUR
Intermediate
product Hectolitre 263,03 EUR 263,03 EUR 45 EUR
Other
alcohol
Hectolitre of
pure alcohol 2389 EUR 2389 EUR 550 EUR

51. Excise duty rates on tobacco
products
Product Excise duty rates
01.01.2017
EU minimum
excise duty rates
CIGARETTES:
63,50 EUR 90 EUR per 1000
cigarettes, but not
less than
60% from weighted
average price of
cigarettes
Specific rate (1000 cigarettes)
Ad valorem rate
(% of the retail selling price) 30 %
Minimal amount of excise to pay
(1000 cigarettes)
104,98 EUR Unlimited
CIGARS, CIGARILLOS
(1000 cigars or cigarillos) 211 EUR
12 EUR or 5% from
the retail selling
price
SMOKING TOBACCO
(1 kg ) 71,15 EUR 54 EUR or 46%
from the retail
selling price

52. Excise duty rates on alternatiive
tobacco products (as of 2018)
Product Excise duty rates
01.01.2018
Tobacco liquid (per litre)
0,2 EUR
Solid tobacco substitute (steam
stones), per kilogramm 76,84 EUR
Other alternative tobacco
products (tobacco product in the
form of gel), per gram
0,2 EUR

53. Excise duty rates on motor fuels
Energy
product
Excise rates in
Estonia 01.02.2017
Excise rates in
Estonia
01.07.2017
EU minimum
excise duty rate
Unleaded petrol 512 EUR/ 1000 l 512 EUR/ 1000 l 359 EUR/ 1000 l
Leaded petrol 512 EUR/ 1000 l 512 EUR/ 1000 l 421 EUR/ 1000 l
Gas oil (diesel) 493 EUR/ 1000 l 493 EUR/ 1000 l 330 EUR/ 1000 l
Gas oil for
specific
purposes
133 EUR/ 1000 l 133 EUR/ 1000 l 21 EUR/ 1000 l
Natural gas for
vehicles
- 47,32 EUR/ 1000
m3
2,6 EUR/ GJ
LNG for
vehicles
- 66 EUR/ 1000 kg -
LPG 125,26 EUR/ 1000
kg
193 EUR/ 1000 kg 125 EUR/ 1000
kg
Petroleum 330,1 EUR/ 1000 l 330,1 EUR/ 1000 l 330 EUR/ 1000 l

54. Excise duty rates on heating fuels
and electricity
Energy
product
Excise rates in
Estonia
01.02.2017
Excise rates in
Estonia
01.07.2017
EU minimum excise
duty rate
business non-
business
Light fuel oil 493 EUR/ 1000 l 493 EUR/ 1000 l 21 EUR/
1000 l
21 EUR/
1000 l
Heavy fuel
oil
58 EUR/ 1000 kg 58 EUR/ 1000 kg 15 EUR/
1000 kg
15 EUR/
1000 kg
Heavy fuel
oil*
- 559 EUR/ 1000 kg 15 EUR/
1000 kg
15 EUR/
1000 kg
Shale oil 57 EUR/ 1000 kg 57 EUR/ 1000 kg - -
Shale oil** - 548 EUR/ 1000 kg - -
* Density at 15oC is less than 900 kg/m3, viscosity at 40oC is less than 5mm2/s and the sulfur content is less than 0,5 wt%
** Density at 15oC is less than 900 kg/m3, viscosity at 40oC is less than 5mm2/s and the sulfur content is less than 0,5 wt%

55. Excise duty rates on heating fuels
and electricity
Energy
product
Excise rates in
Estonia
01.02.2017
Excise rates in
Estonia
01.07.2017
EU minimum excise duty
rate
business non-
business
Petroleum 330,1 EUR/
1000 l
330,1 EUR/
1000 l
- -
LPG - 55,15 EUR/
1000 kg
- -
Natural gas 40,52 EUR/
1000 m3
40,52 EUR/
1000 m3
0,15 EUR/
GJ
0,3 EUR/ GJ
Coal, coke
and oil shale
0,93 EUR/ GJ 0,93 EUR/ GJ 0,15 EUR/
GJ
0,3 EUR/ GJ
Electricity 4,47 EUR/ MWh 4,47 EUR/ MWh 0,5 EUR/
MWh
1 EUR/ MWh

56. Excise duty revenue 1994-2021
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018* 2021*
Alcohol Tobacco Fuel
Source: Statistical Office of Estonia, Ministry of Finance

57. Packaging excise duty
Object of taxation:
Excise duty on packaging is imposed on packaging launched to
the market of Estonia, acquired from another EU Member State
or imported into Estonia.
Excise is paid by the importer of packages, by the user of packages
or by the person acquiring packaging
Object of packaging
excise duty
Excise duty rate in EUR
per kilogram
Glass and ceramics 0.6 €
Plastic 2.5 €
Metal 2.5 €
Paper 1,2 €
Other 1.2 €

58. Packaging excise duty
Excise is not charged:
• on alcohol or nonalcoholic beverages packaging
with deposit imposed on the packaging under
packaging law, of which at least 85 per cent is
recovered;
• on beverage packaging from metal of which at least
50 per cent is recovered;
• on other packaging which is recovered according to
the rates of package law § 36.

59. Heavy Goods Vehicle Tax
Mandatory tax imposed by EU law.
Object of Heavy Goods Vehicle Tax
Trucks or road trains intended for the carriage of
goods with a gross laden weight of not less than 12
tonnes which are registered in the traffic register.
Tax rate of Heavy Goods Vehicle Tax
Minimum rates stipulated in the Directive 1999/62/EC
are in effect

60. Gambling Tax
Gambling tax is paid by gambling operators.
Period of taxation
• calendar month or
• the period during which the commercial
lottery or a tournament of a game of
chance is organised

61. Gambling tax
Object of gambling tax Tax rate
Gambling tables for games of chance, (except
tables used for tournaments) and gambling
machines for games of skill
1278.23 euros per
gambling table
31.95 euros per gambling
machine
Gambling machines for games of chance and
the total amount of bets, less the winnings
300 euros per gambling
machine and 10 per cent
of the total bets made,
less the winnings
Lottery, the total amount received from the sale
of lottery tickets
18%
Commercial lottery, the winning pot whose
value exceeds 10 000 euros
18%
Totaliser, the total amount of bets, less the
winnings
5%

62. Gambling tax
Object of gambling tax Tax rate
Online game of chance or online game of
skill, the total amount of bets, less the winnings
5%
Tournament of a game of chance (Gambling
Act § 7 (1) 1)), the total amount of participation
fees, less the portion accruing to the prize pool;
5%
Tournament of a game of chance (Gambling
Act § 7 (1) 1) by way of remote gambling, the
total amount of participation fees, less the portion
accruing to the prize pool
5%
Tournament of a game of chance (Gambling
Act § 7 (1) 2)), the total amount of participation
fees;
5%
Tournament of a game of chance (Gambling
Act § 7 (1) 2)) by way of remote gambling, the
total amount of participation fees.
5%

63. Customs duty
Tax base
• Common customs tariff duties are generally applicable to all
goods imported into the EU
Tax rate
• The customs duty rates (ad valorem and specific duty rates)
are based on customs value and are dependent on the type of
goods and the country of origin
• All EU Member States use online customs tariff database
TARIC (integrates all measures relating to tariffs, commercial
and agricultural legislation)
• Information relating to national levies (rates of VAT and
excises) can be obtained from Estonian Master Tariff System.

64. Background information

65. GDP Growth 2006–2016
1.8
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
IE PL SK MT LU RO BG LT CZ SE LV EE DE SI UK AT BE NL EU28HU FR EA19 DK ES CY FI HR PT IT EL
Average economic growth 2006-2016
Economic growth 2016

66. Estonian real convergence with the EU
(% of EU28 average)
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015
SKP per capita PPS
Price level
Nominal labour productivity per hour worked

67. Growth expectations
GDP growth,
%
Consumer price
index, %
2017 2018 2017 2018
IMF 2.5 2.8 3.2* 2.5*
OECD 2.4 2.9 2.3* 2.6*
European Commission 2.3 2.8 3.3* 2.9*
Ministry of Finance
(Spring 2017)
2.4 3.1 3.4* 2.9*
* Harmonised Consumer Price Index (HICP)

68. General Government budgetary balance
2005-2021
1.1
2.9 2.7
-2.7
-2.2
0.2
1.2
-0.3
-0.2
0.7
0.1
0.3
-0.5
-0.8
-0.7
-0.3
0.1
-4
-2
0
2
4
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017* 2018* 2019* 2020* 2021*
% of GDP
Central Government Local Government Social Security General Government
Source: Statistical Office of Estonia, Ministry of Finance

69. General Government tax burden
1995-2021
35.7
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017* 2019* 2021*
Direct taxes Indirect taxes Social security contributions Tax burden
% of GDP
Source: Statistical Office of Estonia, Ministry of Finance

70. General Government debt in 2016
9,5
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Estonia
Luxembourg
Bulgaria
CzechRepublic
Romania
Denmark
Latvia
Lithuania
Sweden
Slovakia
Poland
Malta
Netherlands
Finland
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Slovenia
Croatia
Austria
UnitedKingdom
France
Spain
Belgium
Cyprus
Portugal
Italy
Greece
% of GDP
Source: Ministry of Finance, Eurostat

71. Tax wedge, single person without children,
earns 67% of workers average wage (% of
labour cost)
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017* 2019* 2021*
Estonia Latvia Lithuania EU 28
Source: European Commission http://europa.eu/economy_finance/db_indicators/tab/#,
Ministry of Finance