The author's purpose for writing this paragraph is to inform readers about how the popularity of the name "Mary" for girls in America has changed over time. Specifically, the paragraph aims to: - Explain that until recently, Mary was a very popular name for girls born in America. - Provide data from surveys conducted in 1870, 1900, 1925, and 1950 showing that Mary was the most commonly chosen name. - Inform readers that a 1975 survey showed very different results, with Jennifer replacing Mary as the top name and Mary not even making the top ten most popular names. So in summary, the author's purpose is to inform readers about how the popularity ranking of the name "Mary" has changed significantly for baby

1. Welcome to
SESSION 3
MOVING IDEAS QUICKLY AND CLEARLY
GETTING READY TO WRITE - writing for a reason

2. ESSAY WRITING COURSE
PREPARATORY CLASSES FOR MATURA 2016
Councilor/ELT Mentor: Zheleanka Demirova
CAREER CENTER , DELCHEVO SOU METODI MITEVSKI - BRICO

3. I-INTRODUCTION SESSION – TECHNIQUE OF ESSAY WRITING ELEMENTS,
SENTENCE – ELIMINATING, SPECIFIC WORDS
II- SUBJECT AND PREDICATE-DYNAMICS IDEAS, CAUSE AND EFFECT, SENTENCE
BUILDING
III-SENTENCE COMBINATIONS-COMPLEMENTS, WRITING FOR SPECIFIC READER
WRITING FOR THE PUBLIC
IV-SENTENCE TO PARAGRAPHS-SUPPORTING MAIN IDEAS, TO PARAGRAPH
FORMATIONS
V-FROM PARAGRAPH TO ESSAY- FOR AND AGAINST TYPE
VI-DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY – WRITING A REPORT
FIXED SCHEDULE: EVERY THURSDAY 18:00

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TOPIC
INTRODUCTION
BODY 1
ELABORATION
BODY 2
ELABORATION
CONCLUSION

5. WHAT IS AN ESSAY?
• A mosaic is a decoration made of hundreds or
even thousands of glass, stone, or tile. An
artist attaches these bits of material together
to form a design or a picture. If the design is
well planned, all of the shapes and colours
work together to form a beautiful picture or
image. In a well-designed mosaic, there are no
extra pieces. Every piece fits in and is where it
should be.

6. ELIMINATE USELESS WORDS

7. WHY REMOVE WORDS?
CONFUSE THE READER
OVERLOADED

8. SECOND WAY : BE SPECIFIC
GENERAL MORE SPECIFIC MOST SPECIFIC
recreation game lacrosse
tree evergreen hemlock
furniture chair recliner
vehicle automobile taxi
book novel The Outsiders
Athlete fielder Reggie Jackson
building monument Lincoln Memorial
car sports car Maserati

9. SECOND WAY x 2: BE SPECIFIC
tell speak run walk go
warn whisper leap trudge drive
caution roar jog stroll prowl
beg mutter sprint tramp speed
order shout tumble hike coast
request mumble dash wander amble
explain grumble dart march hurry

10. clearance
Trim,lean, cut Trim, lean, cut

11. Sentences answer questions
for the readers

12. SUBJECT PREDICATE
ANGEL FALLS IS THE HIGHEST WATERFALL IN THE WORLD.
HOTEL ROSSIA HAS 3,200 ROOMS
THE GRAND CANYON IS ONE MILE DEEP.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION

13. B. Exercise. In each of the following items, related facts appear in a
box followed by a number of questions. Write a single sentence that
answers the questions and uses all of the facts in the box.
Example:
What are rats?
Do they have a good sense of smell?
What is their outstanding characteristics?
- Rats are rodents.
-Have a good sense of smell
-Have extremely sharp teeth.
Possible answer:
Rats are rodents that have a good sense of smell and extremely
sharp teeth.

14. ELIMINATING UNRELATED
FACTS

15. Each sentence should only include facts
that are closely related. Other pieces of
information should be placed in other
sentences.

16. echidna Echidnas /ikɪdnə/, sometimes known as spiny anteaters, belong
to the family Tachyglossidae in the monotreme order of egg-laying
mammals.

17. The pieces of information in a good
sentence are connected in a logical
order.
MOVING IDEAS QUICKLY AND CLEARLY

18. Chronological order
Some sentences explain that first
one thing happens, and then
another thing happens. This order
is called chronological order.
You can also use chronological
order to show that two things
happened at the same time.
To show chronological order, you
should not use the conjunction
AND to join 2 sentences.
And just shows that two things
happened. It does not show which
thing happened first.

19. Example :
World War II ended, and America returned to
peaceful work.
After World War II ended, America returned to
peaceful work.

20. after before
until when
while
CHRONOLOGICAL WORDS
While and When suggest two things happening at about the
same time. Before and Until suggest events happening before.

21. USING AND The spring were about to begin, and the townspeople
repaired the dam on the river.
BETTER Before the spring rains began, the townspeople repaired
the dam on the river.
USING AND We were looking at the crater of the volcano, and the
volcano erupted.
BETTER While we were looking at the crater of the volcano, the
volcano erupted.

22. EXERCISE
In each of the following sentences, pieces of information are
connected in time. The connection is not clear, however,
because and joins the facts. Rewrite each of the sentences,
using one of the following words to make the chronological
order clear.
Example George Washington had served his country, and he
retired to Mount Vernon.
After George Washington had served his country, he retired
to Mount Vernon.

23. 1. We arrived at the station, and we discovered that the train had left.
2. The children played in the sand, and we went for a quick swim.
3. I learned about the problems of the handicapped, and I began to
appreciate their achievements.
4. Marie learned that a balanced diet is healthful, and she changed her
eating habits.
after before until when while

24. because since
although though
CAUSE AND EFFECT
WITH AND German submarine sank the British liner Lusitania,
and World War I came closer to its ends.
BETTER Because a German submarine sank the British liner Lusitania,
World War I came closer to its ends.

25. EXERCISES A. In ach of the following sentences, pieces of information are
connected by cause and effect. This connection, however, is not clear because
and joins the facts. Rewrite each sentence-using one of the following words-to
clearly show cause and effect.
because since although though
Example: The weather was threatening, and we cancelled the picnic.
Possible answer: Because the weather was threatening, we cancelled the
picnic.

26. because since although though
1. We did not water the new plants every day, and they soon withered and died.
2. The film was very moving, and the audience didn’t seem to enjoy it.
3. The sea is an important source of food for the future, and scientists are
studying it carefully.
4. A worker was careless with a welding torch, and the beautiful French liner
Normandie burned at its New York pier.

27. Practice……….

28. All writing must have a purpose.
WRITING FOR REASON
Writers are like carpenters. They must have a reason for writing.
Most of the writing that you do in school and in later life is
practical writing. This kind of writing gives information, teaches,
and explains.

29. All writing must have a purpose.
WRITING FOR REASON
Purposes for writing
General - share information with
readers.
Specific

30. SPECIFIC PURPOSES IN WRITING
TO ENTERTAIN A WRITER WANTS TO TELL A GOOD STORY
TO TELL WHAT
HAPPENED
A WRITER WANTS TO TELL OTHERS HOW TO DO
SOMETHING
TO GIVE DIRECTIONS A WRITER WANTS TO GIVE INFORMATION OR
ANSWER QUESTIONS
TO EXPLAIN A WRITER WANTS TO GIVE INFORMATION OR
ANSWER QUESTIONS
TO DEFINE A WRITER WANTS TO TELL WHAT A WORD OR IDEA
MEANS
TO DESCRIBE A WRITER WANTS TO TELL ABOUT THE APPEARANCE
OR QUALITIES OF A PERSON, PLACE, THING, EVENT,
OR IDEA
TO CONVINCE A WRITER WANTS TO CHANGE THE OPINIONS OF
OTHERS OR PERSUADE THEM TO ACT IN A
PARTICULAR WAY.

31. SPECIFIC PURPOSES IN WRITING
TO REQUEST A WRITER WANTS TO ASK FOR HELP,
INFORMATION, OR A SPECIFIC ITEM
TO SUMMARIZE A WRITER WANTS TO SHORTEN ANOTHER PERSON’S
WORDS, ARTICLE, OR BOOK.

32. TO ENTERTAIN
TO TELL WHAT
HAPPENED
TO GIVE DIRECTIONS
TO EXPLAIN
TO DEFINE
TO DESCRIBE
TO CONVINCE
TO REQUEST
TO SUMMARIZE
1. When you park your bicycle, always secure it with a heavy
chain.
2. The city should provide more bicycle paths.
3. The Davis Cup is a national prize in the game of tennis
4. To Kill a Mockingbird is the story of two children who
Learn from their father how to do what is right despite
prejudice, custom, and public opinion.
5. John Weismuller, one of the many movie and TV Tarzans,
really was an athlete who won Olympic medals in
swimming.
6. When Dr, Hubbard called his patient and told her, “Mrs.
Lewis, I want you to know that your check came back,” she
said, “So did my sore throat.
7. I would like to order the Pro-Shot Fiberglass Lifetime
Basketball advertised on page 110 of your catalog.
8. The planet Mars has two moons called Deimos and
Phobos.
9. An atoll is a coral island or group of islands made up of a
coral reef and a lagoon.
10. Last week another swimmer crossed the English Channel
successfully.

33. EXERCISE B. What do you think is the author’s purpose for writing of this
paragraph?
1. Until recently, Mary has been a popular name for girls. Girls
conducted a survey in 1870, 1900, 1925, and 1950 showed
that American parents of newborn girls in those years chose
Mary over every other name. A 1975 survey, however,
showed very different results. Jennifer had replaced Mary as
the most popular American female name, followed by Amy,
Sarah, Michelle, and Kimberly in that order. Mary didn’t even
place in the top ten. Mary was tied with Amanda for the
thirty-first position.

34. EXERCISE B. What do you think is the author’s purpose for writing of this
paragraph?
2. My antishark suit looked like gleaming armour. It was my
husband Ron’s idea. The steel mesh was made of 150,000
stainless rings welded together. It weighed 15 pounds. The
material was like the material in gloves that butchers wear,
and Ron thought, “It might work against sharks’ teeth as
well.”

35. THANK YOU!
END OF SESSION 3