This document discusses education for sustainable development (ESD) and the implications for pedagogical practices. ESD involves holistic and transformative learning that addresses content, context, pedagogy, and global issues. It also discusses the skills students should develop for the 21st century, such as critical thinking, problem solving, and collaboration. The document advocates reorienting education towards sustainability by integrating ESD concepts and shifting from lecturing to transformative pedagogies that empower students through activities like problem-based learning, inquiry, and collaboration on real-world problems.