Erlang is a functional programming language built for concurrency, distribution, and fault tolerance. It uses an immutable data structure and avoids loops with tail recursion. The OTP framework provides tools like supervision trees, behaviors, and hot code swapping. While Erlang syntax looks like Prolog, it can integrate with Ruby via bridges or messaging and runs on Heroku. The document recommends resources for learning Erlang and OTP and participating in the local Erlang meetup.