The emergency department collaborates with various hospital units to manage different types of patients, including pediatric, trauma, psychiatric, sexual assault, infectious, and extended observation patients. It provides emergency services for disasters, epidemics, mass casualties, and routine emergencies. The department is required to maintain clear documentation of patient care and treatment, obtain informed consent for procedures, and comply with all legal and regulatory requirements. It is equipped and staffed to provide emergency medical care and stabilization 24/7.

1. The emergencydepartmentcollaborateswiththe followingunitsinvariousways
 The managementof paediatricpatients
 The managementof majortrauma patients
 The managementof psychiatricpatients
 The managementof patientsfollowingsexualassault
 The managementof infectiouspatients
 The extendedobservationandmanagementof patients
 The managementof prisonersincustody
 The managementof patientsaffectedbychemical,biological orradiological incidents
 Telemedicine
Provide asystemof emergencyfor:
 Disasters
 Epidemicoutbreak
 Mass casualty
 Routine emergencies
Documentation
Providescleardocumentsintermsof patientcare/managementincludingthe resultsof the initial
examination/assessmentandevaluation,diagnosis,prognosis,planor care/intervention/treatment,
response tointervention/treatment,changesinpatientstatusrelative tothe interventions/
treatment,re-examination,anddischarge/discontinuationof interventionandotherpatient
managementactivities.
Consent- informed/documentation
 Whereinthe patientisexplainedwithreasonablethoroughnessabouthis/hermedical
problem,procedurestoundergo,advantagesanddisadvantagesandalternative.
 The writteninformedconsentshouldbe obtainedforanyproceduresthatentail riskof the
procedure anduntowardcomplications
Legal
 Complywithall the lawsandlegal requirementsof the MOHand hospital standardprotocol.
Emergencyequipmentforhospitals
 Everyhospital isrequiredtoestablishemergencyroomandmake functional for24 hoursx 7
dayswithbasic facilities.
 It isessential tostandardize the equipmentandinstrumentsforthe varioushealthfacilities
Thishealthfacilityismannedbyamedical officer,andACOandhealthAssistant.
 The healthfacilityhaswide range of drugsandhospital bedsforadmission.The doctoris
assistedbynursesandotherhealthworkers.
Airwayequipment
 Resuscitationbagandmaskwithreservoirbagandoxygentube (adult)
 Resuscitationbagandmaskwithreservoirbagandoxygentube (paediatric)
 Resuscitationbagandmaskwithreservoirbagandoxygentubing(neonate
 Pocketface mask (mouthtomask resuscitation

2.  Oro-pharyngeal airways(size00,0, 1, 2, 3, 4)
Patientexaminationequipment/surgical/splinting
 Stethoscope
 Bloodpressure machine (portable
 Bag (size 20 X 8 X 9 inches- LXBXH)
 Laryngoscope withblades
 Glucometer
 Chesttubesof varioussizeswithwaterseal bags
 Foley’scatheterof varioussizes
 Rylestubesof varioussizes
 Cut downset
 Laryngeal maskairway(LMA) varioussizes
 Endotracheal tube of fewsize
 Oro-pharyngeal airwayof varioussizes
 Oxygencylinderwithregulatorandwrench
 Oxygenface maskwithtubing
 Roll bandagessize 10 cm
 Roll bandagessize 7cm
 Roll bandagessize 2.5 cm
 Gauze pads (small)
 Gauze pads (large)
 Adhesive tape
 ScissorAvailable
 Gloves(appropriate sizes)
 Surgical face mask
 NS forwoundirrigation
 Cramersplintforadult(large)
 Cramersplint(small)
 Triangularbandages
 Cervical spine immobilizationcollars
 Spine board
 Intravenousinfusionsets
 Infusionset
 IV cannula(18G, 20G, 22G, 24G)
 Ringerlactate
 DNS Available
 Tourniquet
Emergencydrugsand syringe
 Injectionatropine (0.6mg)
 Injectionadrenaline(1mg)
 Injectionphenergan(25mg)
 Injectiondexamethasone(4mg)/hydrocortisone 100mginjection
 Injectiondiazepam(10mg
 5 ml syringe

3.  2 ml syringe
 Spiritswab
Otherequipment
 ECG machine
 Ultrasonographymachine
 Stretcherlightweightincase of masscasualty(foldable)
 Suctionmachine (manual/electric)
 MonitorwithECG, NIBP andSPO2
 Central venouscathetervarioussizes
Guidelines/SOP/Policies
JD of Medical OfficersinER
ProceduresbyMO
 Maintainairway by headtiltchinliftor jaw thrustmethod
 Bag-maskventilationusingresuscitationbagandmaskwithoxygen
 Performcardiopulmonaryresuscitation.
 Insertintravenouscannulaandstartfluidresuscitation
 Bleedingcontrol usingpressure bandages
 Immobilize afracture
 Put ona cervical collarinpatientswithsuspectedcervical injury
 Put a patientonspine boardusinglogroll method
 Provide oxygentherapy
 Inserta rylestube ina patientthatneedthe tube.
 Insertan indwelling catheter- Foley’catheter
 Insertand oro-pharyngealairwayproperly
 Use of appropriate drugs-cardiac,bronchodilatorsetc
 Be able tointerpretbasicECG and provide appropriate drugs
 Transfera patientto a spine boardusinglogroll methodinspine injuryissuspectedand to
immobilize the patienttothe spine board
 Cleananddressa contaminatedwound
 Cleana immobilize anopenfracture withdressing
 In hospital where anaesthetistisavailable,performendo-tracheal intubationandprovide
ventilationusingresuscitationbag(Polytrauma)
 Suture minorwoundafterwoundcleaning
 Use of local anaestheticdrug- Lignocaine 2% (Dose,local infiltrationtechniques)