SAVIING WATER BODIES IN KASHMIR

1. PRESENTATION TO TREAT WASTEWATER GENERATED FROM HOUSEBOATS AT DAL LAKE AND OTHER WATER BODIES OF J&K STATE By Er. MANZOOR AHMAD YETOO (B.SC BIO,B.E (Mech) ,M.B.A (Project Management), M.E(Env & Ecology), PhD (under completion) Technical Advisor for Biotech Solutions.

2. INTRODUCTION J & K is unique in India in having numerous lakes which grade from high altitude to low altitude lakes, rivers and other water bodies. Worth to mention among them is Tuliyan,Tarsar, Marser, Gangbal, Alapather, Kawsournag, Manasbal,Wular,Neelnag,Dal,Anchar,Narnag, Khushalsar, Jhelum etc. Among the lakes in the valley Dal Lake has been of prime concern as it is dying at a faster pace. Lying at the foot hills of Zaberwan range to the north east of Srinagar.It’s altitude is 30o,07’N and longitude of 74o,52’E on the right bank of river Jehlum.Dal Lake has decreased by 50% in volume from 22 Sq.Kms to 11Sq.Kms.The lake is also getting polluted with an estimated 30,000 Ltrs to 45,000 Ltrs of urine and 30 Tones of human wastes dumped into it every month. Average depth of the lake has been reduced to 3 Meters deep. Floating Gardens constitute more than 35% of the whole lake. In short Dal lake and other major water bodies of Jammu and Kashmir have fallen victim of human greed, as a result of which Eco-systems linked are rapidly changing. Water quality in major water bodies has been deteriorated considerably. Large number of residential buildings, restaurants and hotels have come up along the Dal lake and on the peripheries of major water bodies.

3. According to recent estimates by LAWDA ( Lakes and Water Ways Development Authority) in their survey report that a population of about 60,000 thousand people lives within the Dal area. Similarly, numerous numbers of people live along the banks of river Jhelum and other Major water bodies. And their is tremendous pressure on these water bodies. Dwelling and the sewage is the big problem and needs strategic planning and scientific treatment. This problem cannot be solved all of a sudden as tourism aspects and the natural habitats cannot be discarded all together. I have made individual efforts to save water bodies by treating sewage accumulated due to human settlements and Dwellings. In this context I am coming with a design of portable mini sewage treatment plant. This is a small compact DSTP ( Domestic Sewage Treatment Plant) which can be fitted in House boats, small dwelling on river banks, hotels, floating restaurants etc. Thus domestic sewage can be treated and will intern solve big problem of decaying and eutrification of our major bodies and intern restore ecological balance. Besides, we will overcome the problem of rehabilitation and shifting of our major dwellings near banks of rivers and lakes. In this way tourism will flourish in a symbiotic way and esthetic sense and cultural ethos linked with our major water bodies is maintained.

4. The world famous Dal Lake in Srinagar has always been a major attraction for anyone visiting Kashmir. But increasing pollution is fast reducing its original beauty. The Dal lake and other Water Bodies in Jammu & Kashmir have huge contaminations in the form of organic waste. The main source of contamination are inflow of sewage waste, excessive weed growth, siltation of lake, etc. The basic source of contamination is from HOUSEBOATS which generates BATH WATER, TOILET WASTE, KITCHEN WASTE, LAUNDRY WASTE, etc. which is being regularly released into the DAL Lake in considerable quantity. It is imperative that the Sewage Discharge from these houseboats should be fully treated to stop further deterioration of the lakes. Well Developed Anti Pollution Control Procedures should be adopted to meet the norms set out by the Pollution Control Board.

5. I PRESENT HERE A UNIQUE AND IDEAL TREATMENT PROCESS TO TREAT THE WASTEWATER GENERATED FROM HOUSEBOATS .

6. VALUE OF UNTREATED WASTE WATER FOR A MEDIUM CLASS OF SEWAGE WASTE WE ASSUME THE FOLLOWING INPUT CATEGORIES TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS 200 mg/l BOD(5) 250 mg/l COD 350 mg/l TOTAL KJELDAHL NITROGEN 65 mg/l* * It is estimated that total nitrogen generated by a person per day is around 12.5gms. The 2000 generated wastewater that we assume is from 10 persons . Basis of Design

7. THE MOST IDEAL AND CORRECT METHOD IS TO PROVIDE AEROBIC TREATMENT TO THIS SYSTEM. TO GIVE EFFECT TO THIS WE HAVE CONCEPTUALISED A DESIGN WITH THE FOLLOWING : A- MACERATION OF SOLID WASTE B- ENYZME BLOCK TO BREAK DOWN OIL & GREASE C- AEROBIC TREATMENT D- BIOAUGMENTATION WITH ENGINEERED MICROORGANISMS E- ATTACHED GROWTH OF ENGINEERED MICROORGANISMS OVER INERT MATERIAL F- USE OF ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER G- ULTRA VIOLET DOSING TO REMOVE PATHOGENS AND BREAKDOWN CHLORINE

8. MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF OUR TREATMENT SYSTEM The Treatment System is totally ECO FRIENDLY Parameters of Pollution Control Board is achieved It is a AUTOMATIC TREATMENT PROCESS No hassle of Regular Sludge Removal No hassle of removing oil and grease content Less Operating cost , requires only 75 watts of power The treatment is Electronically Integrated and requires no manpower as such Can be retrofitted in the Existing Houseboats A complete treatment is achieved

9. Unique Features of Our System USE OF MACERATOR Instead of routing the flush water directly to the treatment chamber it is routed to a macerator pump. The use of macerator substantially liquefy the human waste, toilet paper and similar material in the flush water. This helps in proper degradation of waste .

10. USE OF BLOCK OF ENZYMES & MICROORGANISMS The use of Blocks of Enzymes & Microorganisms helps in breaking down the Oil and Grease content into smaller constituents which are then easily degraded by the Aerobic treatment. The advantages are 1- Complete Degradation of Oil and Grease Content 2- Does not allow Grease to Re form 3-Removes grease build up 4-No hassle of removing oil and grease 5- No need to install Oil & Grease Trap 6- Safe to use Unique Features of Our System

12. Line of Treatment We have conceptualized a treatment of treating 2000 litres of wastewater per day.

13. Sewage is first collected in a collection chamber of about 20 litres. As soon as the water comes into the system the Macerator will start automatically and push in the LIQUID and MACERATED SOLIDS into the Treatment Chamber, while passing over a BLOCK OF ENZYMES and MICROORGANISMS to breakdown Oil and Grease Content. Simultaneously the disposal pump at the end of the Treatment Chamber operates to discharge treated water of the same quantity as has come in, into the lake.

14. THE AEROBIC TREATMENT SYSTEM IS PROVIDED BY MEANS OF OUR SYSTEM ‘BUGSY’ FOR 2000 LITRES OF WASTEWATER WE WOULD REQUIRE 900 gms OF OXYGEN TO TREAT 250ppm OF B.O.D. AND 350 gms OF OXYGEN TO REMOVE 40 PPM OF NITROGEN. SO WE NEED A TOTAL OF 1250 gms OF OXYGEN TO BE TRANSFERRED TO THE WASTEWATER OVER 24 HOURS. SUFFICIENT OXYGEN WILL BE PROVIDED BY A 40 WATT AIR PUMP. AS THE FRESH WASTEWATER COMES INTO THE SYSTEM IT WILL PASS THROUGH THE BUGSY UNIT SEVERAL TIMES TILL THE NEXT INFLUX OF FRESH WASTEWATER.

15. LINE OF TREATMENT– CONTD IN SUCH MANNER THE WATER KEEPS MOVING FROM ONE CHAMBER TO THE OTHER CHAMBER PASSING THROUGH THE BIO FILTERS TILL IT REACHES THE END OF THE TREATMENT CHAMBER AND EXITS THROUGH THE ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER CLOTH AND ULTRA VIOLET DOSING INTO A CHAMBER OF 20 LITRES. FROM THIS CHAMBER THE TREATED WATER IS PUMPED OUT BY A PUMP OF 0.25 H.P. NON RETURN VALVES ARE EMPLOYED AT THE BEGINNING AND AT THE END OF THE TREATMENT CHAMBER SO THAT NEITHER THE UNTREATED WASTE MOVES BACK INTO THE COLLECTION CHAMBER OR TREATED WATER GOES BACK INTO THE TREATMENT CHAMBER .

16. VALUE OF TREATED WASTE WATER THE TREATED WASTEWATER WILL HAVE THE FOLLOWING PARAMETERS: TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS < 100 mg/l BOD < 30 mg/l COD < 250 mg/l OIL & GREASE < 10 mg/l TKN < 100 mg/l* RESIDUAL CHLORINE < 1.50 mg/l Ammonical Nitrogen < 50 mg/l PH value 6.5 - 8 Dissolved phosphate < 10 mg/l * Since nitrogen acts as a nutrients for Algal bloom in the lake the intention is to reduce Nitrogen to the maximum possible. This can only be done by use of selected microorganism and adequate aeration.

17. ALL THE RIGHTS ARE RESERVED IN THE COURT OF LAW This is only a conception and the measurements and designs could change on actual development Collection Chamber of 20 litres BUGSY Sewage In Macerator Enzyme Block 600 100 x 3 chambers 1500 x 1500 1 2 3 4 5 6 Non Return Valve Mesh Plastic Filter with Biological Culture growth 500 100 Activated Carbon Filter Cloth