IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This paper investigates a novel dual-rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor (DRPMSM) through modeling and simulation. The model of the DRPMSM is constructed in MATLAB/Simulink. Vector control and space vector PWM control strategies are used to simulate the motor model. The simulation results show the model operates correctly under both control strategies. The responses of torque, speed and current are analyzed and compared under the different control strategies. Key characteristics of the DRPMSM such as the relationship between the speeds of the inner and outer rotors are also analyzed.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The document discusses placement algorithms used in circuit design. It describes the min-cut placement algorithm which partitions the layout surface and circuit into halves recursively to minimize wirelength. Terminal propagation is discussed to address limitations of min-cut by considering terminal pin positions. Placement by simulated annealing is also summarized, using neighborhood structures and cost functions to iteratively improve placement quality as temperature decreases.
The document discusses the near field and far field regions of an antenna. [1] In the near field, the spherical wavefront is not planar and the phase error exceeds 1/16 of a wavelength within a distance Rff of the antenna. [2] Rff is calculated as the distance where the phase error equals 1/16 of the wavelength and is proportional to the square of the antenna's largest dimension divided by the wavelength. [3] In the far field, the wavefront is treated as planar and the power density follows the inverse square law.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development is an international premier peer reviewed open access engineering and technology journal promoting the discovery, innovation, advancement and dissemination of basic and transitional knowledge in engineering, technology and related disciplines.
We follow "Rigorous Publication" model - means that all articles appear on IJERD after full appraisal, effectiveness, legitimacy and reliability of research content. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development publishes papers online as well as provide hard copy of Journal to authors after publication of paper. It is intended to serve as a forum for researchers, practitioners and developers to exchange ideas and results for the advancement of Engineering & Technology.
Atmospheric aberrations in coherent laser systemswtyru1989
The document discusses atmospheric effects on coherent laser systems and compensation methods. It presents:
1) Simulations of atmospheric propagation using phase screens and analyzing phase distortion, beam wander, spreading, and scintillation.
2) Techniques for compensating atmospheric effects in coherent measurements, including phase compensation receivers and adaptive optics.
3) Modeling of beam projection in coherent lidars and analyzing compensation of speckle averaging using non-conjugated adaptive optics.
This document provides a technical overview of imec's Technology Targeting Service, which compares the performance, power, and area of IP blocks implemented in different foundry technologies or design options. As an example, it analyzes a digital signal processor (DSP) block implemented in 90nm and 65nm TSMC technologies. The analysis begins by comparing device-level parameters extracted from the foundry design manuals against simulations using the device models. It finds improvements in drive current at 65nm but also increased drain induced barrier lowering. Overall, the analysis provides a detailed comparison of the two technology nodes from device to IP block level.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This paper investigates a novel dual-rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor (DRPMSM) through modeling and simulation. The model of the DRPMSM is constructed in MATLAB/Simulink. Vector control and space vector PWM control strategies are used to simulate the motor model. The simulation results show the model operates correctly under both control strategies. The responses of torque, speed and current are analyzed and compared under the different control strategies. Key characteristics of the DRPMSM such as the relationship between the speeds of the inner and outer rotors are also analyzed.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The document discusses placement algorithms used in circuit design. It describes the min-cut placement algorithm which partitions the layout surface and circuit into halves recursively to minimize wirelength. Terminal propagation is discussed to address limitations of min-cut by considering terminal pin positions. Placement by simulated annealing is also summarized, using neighborhood structures and cost functions to iteratively improve placement quality as temperature decreases.
The document discusses the near field and far field regions of an antenna. [1] In the near field, the spherical wavefront is not planar and the phase error exceeds 1/16 of a wavelength within a distance Rff of the antenna. [2] Rff is calculated as the distance where the phase error equals 1/16 of the wavelength and is proportional to the square of the antenna's largest dimension divided by the wavelength. [3] In the far field, the wavefront is treated as planar and the power density follows the inverse square law.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development is an international premier peer reviewed open access engineering and technology journal promoting the discovery, innovation, advancement and dissemination of basic and transitional knowledge in engineering, technology and related disciplines.
We follow "Rigorous Publication" model - means that all articles appear on IJERD after full appraisal, effectiveness, legitimacy and reliability of research content. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development publishes papers online as well as provide hard copy of Journal to authors after publication of paper. It is intended to serve as a forum for researchers, practitioners and developers to exchange ideas and results for the advancement of Engineering & Technology.
Atmospheric aberrations in coherent laser systemswtyru1989
The document discusses atmospheric effects on coherent laser systems and compensation methods. It presents:
1) Simulations of atmospheric propagation using phase screens and analyzing phase distortion, beam wander, spreading, and scintillation.
2) Techniques for compensating atmospheric effects in coherent measurements, including phase compensation receivers and adaptive optics.
3) Modeling of beam projection in coherent lidars and analyzing compensation of speckle averaging using non-conjugated adaptive optics.
This document provides a technical overview of imec's Technology Targeting Service, which compares the performance, power, and area of IP blocks implemented in different foundry technologies or design options. As an example, it analyzes a digital signal processor (DSP) block implemented in 90nm and 65nm TSMC technologies. The analysis begins by comparing device-level parameters extracted from the foundry design manuals against simulations using the device models. It finds improvements in drive current at 65nm but also increased drain induced barrier lowering. Overall, the analysis provides a detailed comparison of the two technology nodes from device to IP block level.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Designs are likely to experience many different environmental changes, marketing requirement changes and user abuse; choosing a device that is flexible, programmable, and upgradeable is necessary. Without question, the most flexible, programmable and upgradeable device on the market is the Programmable System on a Chip (PSoC). PSoC is a mixed-signal array which includes analog and digital resources as well as an integrated microcontroller all on the same chip!
3.[14 28]space vector based dual zero-vector random centered distribution pwm...Alexander Decker
This document presents a novel dual zero-vector random centered distribution PWM (DZRCDPWM) algorithm for direct torque controlled induction motor drive to reduce acoustic noise. The proposed algorithm uses two zero voltage vectors (V0 and V7) and selects one randomly based on the operating modulation index. Simulation results show the DZRCDPWM algorithm reduces acoustic noise harmonics compared to the conventional SVPWM algorithm by distributing the pulse patterns randomly. The DZRCDPWM provides better performance over the entire modulation index range for induction motor drive control with reduced acoustic noise.
11.space vector based dual zero vector random centered distribution pwm algor...Alexander Decker
This document presents a novel dual zero-vector random centered distribution PWM (DZRCDPWM) algorithm for direct torque controlled induction motor drive to reduce acoustic noise. The proposed algorithm uses two zero voltage vectors (V0 and V7) and selects one randomly based on the operating modulation index. Simulation results show the DZRCDPWM algorithm reduces acoustic noise harmonics compared to the conventional SVPWM algorithm by distributing the pulse patterns randomly. The DZRCDPWM provides better performance over the entire modulation index range for induction motor drive control with reduced acoustic noise.
Performance analysis of gated ring oscillator designed for audio frequency ra...VLSICS Design
This paper presents performance analysis of Gated Ring Oscillator (GRO). Proposed GRO is designed to
employ in implementation of Time to Digital Converter (TDC) block of Asynchronous ADC. For an audio
frequency range ADC, minimum GRO stages are designed using asynchronous technique. So leads to
reduced area and power. Compared to conventional Ring Oscillator (RO), we avoided to employ the gated
clock; to evade clock design related problems like jitter, additional area and power. Instead we preferred
gating of ring oscillator itself. Consequently during sleep mode, GRO disables automatically which saves
the dynamic power. Furthermore it also provides first order noise shaping of the quantization and
mismatch noise. Proposed GRO is implemented with 0.18μm CMOS Digital Technology in Cadence
Virtuso environment. GRO performance analysis shows oscillation frequency as 286 KHz with 327ps jitter
and average power consumption of 1.08μW
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. RF structure comparison for low energy accele...ESS BILBAO
This document compares different radio frequency (RF) structures that can be used for particle acceleration in the low energy range of 3 MeV to 200 MeV. It discusses figures of merit like shunt impedance and beam dynamics constraints for different structure types, including drift tube linacs (DTLs), coupled cavity drift tube linacs (CCDTLs), separated drift tube linacs (SDTLs), spoke cavities, and traveling wave structures. A comparison performed by the HIPPI collaboration assessed the performance of these structures based on factors like shunt impedance, beam dynamics acceptance, and mechanical complexity. Overall, no consensus structure exists for the low energy range, and the optimal design depends on project-specific parameters and future technology developments.
The document proposes a direct torque control (DTC) method for induction motors that combines space vector modulation (SVM) and an adaptive stator flux observer. It aims to preserve the fast dynamic response of DTC while improving steady-state performance and reducing torque ripple through SVM. An adaptive flux observer is designed using state feedback control theory to ensure stability and robustness. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed DTC-SVM approach with PI control and an adaptive flux observer in reducing torque ripple compared to conventional DTC.
This document discusses the limitations and capabilities of using slanted spectrograms to analyze synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data containing signals from multiple vibrating targets. It evaluates how well slanted spectrograms can detect vibration signatures under varying conditions. The document finds that slanted spectrograms have limitations and that improved discrete fractional Fourier transform (DFrFT)-based spectrograms using piecewise linear or polynomial fitting perform better by providing sharper features and detecting all vibration peaks in the SAR data. The performance of these spectrogram tools is affected by factors like the vibration frequencies and amplitudes, chirp rates, and level of clutter/noise in the data.
Signal Processing Algorithm of Space Time Coded Waveforms for Coherent MIMO R...IJMER
ABSTRACT: Space-time coding (STC) has been shown to play a key role in the design of MIMO radars with closely
spaced antennas. Multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) radar is emerging technology for target detection, parameter
identification, and target classification due to diversity of waveform and perspective. First, it turns out that a joint waveform
optimization problem can be decoupled into a set of individual waveform design problems. Second, a number of mono-static
waveforms can be directly used in a MIMO radar system, which offers flexibility in waveform selection. We provide
conditions for the elimination of waveform cross correlation. However, the mutual interference among the waveforms may
lead to performance degradation in resolving spatially close returns. We consider the use of space–time coding (STC) to
mitigate the waveform cross-correlation effects in MIMO radar. In addition, we also extend the model to partial waveform
cross-correlation removal based on waveform set division. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of STC in MIMO
radar for waveform de-correlation. This paper introduces the signal processing issued for the coherent MIMO radar without
and with STC waveforms and also studied signal processing algorithms of coherent MIMO radar with STC waveforms for
improvement of target detection and recognition performance for real life scenario.
Keywords: STC, coherent, Probability detection, MIMO and SNR.
This summary provides the key details about the document in 3 sentences:
The document presents a new simplified analytical model for Chireix outphasing combiners that accounts for impedance mismatch and reflection effects. The model derives simplified expressions for instantaneous efficiency and input/output voltages as functions of the decomposition angle and combiner parameters. Validation of the model is performed through comparisons with experimental and simulation results for different Chireix combiner designs.
This document summarizes a study on designing an optical beam filter and detector for laser range finding using photonic crystals. The study proposes using a one-dimensional photonic crystal structure to replace the mid-pass filter and beam detector in a laser range finder system that uses frequency modulation of continuous waves (FMCW). Through simulation, the photonic crystal structure is designed to have a narrow bandwidth of 5 nanometers around 630-645 nm to detect the transmitted laser beam. Defects and apodization of the photonic crystal refractive index profile allow controlling the wavelength passband. This detector design could enable measuring distances depending on the transmitted laser wavelength and power, reducing measurement errors.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The document summarizes the municipal solid waste management scenario of Kakinada City, India. Some key points:
- Kakinada city generates around 260 metric tons of solid waste per day from its population of over 300,000 people.
- Currently, solid waste is collected and transported to an open dumping site where it is disposed of indiscriminately without any processing.
- Proper waste management systems like segregation, transportation, treatment and disposal as outlined in India's solid waste management rules have not been fully implemented.
- Increasing population is leading to more waste generation but inadequate infrastructure and management, posing environmental and health problems.
Este documento describe los canales de distribución y los intermediarios involucrados en transferir productos de los productores a los consumidores. Explica las funciones de los canales de distribución como promoción, distribución física y aceptación de riesgos. También cubre factores que afectan la selección del canal de distribución como el tipo de mercado, tamaño de pedidos y servicios ofrecidos por los intermediarios.
O documento apresenta informações de contato de duas pessoas, Márcia Lopes e Elisa Lopes, que trabalham na OpenGV como arquiteta e diretora de arte, respectivamente. Ele também discute termos em inglês, português brasileiro e europeu relacionados a compras e consumidores.
O documento discute o framework PHP Zend e o padrão MVC. Ele explica a história do PHP e do Zend Framework, quando usar um framework PHP, os benefícios do MVC, por que usar o Zend Framework, como o MVC é implementado no Zend Framework e dá um exemplo prático.
O documento discute o papel da mulher na sociedade ao longo da história. Aponta que em sociedades antigas como a Minoica e Celta, a mulher tinha um papel central, mas que ao longo do tempo perdeu influência sob justificativas psicológicas e religiosas. Defende que a verdadeira conquista feminina está em descobrir a própria identidade através da alma, em vez de competir com os homens.
La Basílica de Lidón es una iglesia grande y popular en Castellón que alberga a la Virgen de Lidón, la patrona de la ciudad. Cerca del Parque Ribalta se encuentra la plaza de toros, construida en 1887. Castellón tiene tres playas bonitas: El Serradal, El Pinar y El Gurugú.
El documento habla sobre la importancia de la tecnología. Señala que la tecnología como el internet es fundamental en la actualidad para estudiar, trabajar y comunicarse. Además, menciona que su uso se ha vuelto indispensable en la vida cotidiana de las personas.
Designs are likely to experience many different environmental changes, marketing requirement changes and user abuse; choosing a device that is flexible, programmable, and upgradeable is necessary. Without question, the most flexible, programmable and upgradeable device on the market is the Programmable System on a Chip (PSoC). PSoC is a mixed-signal array which includes analog and digital resources as well as an integrated microcontroller all on the same chip!
3.[14 28]space vector based dual zero-vector random centered distribution pwm...Alexander Decker
This document presents a novel dual zero-vector random centered distribution PWM (DZRCDPWM) algorithm for direct torque controlled induction motor drive to reduce acoustic noise. The proposed algorithm uses two zero voltage vectors (V0 and V7) and selects one randomly based on the operating modulation index. Simulation results show the DZRCDPWM algorithm reduces acoustic noise harmonics compared to the conventional SVPWM algorithm by distributing the pulse patterns randomly. The DZRCDPWM provides better performance over the entire modulation index range for induction motor drive control with reduced acoustic noise.
11.space vector based dual zero vector random centered distribution pwm algor...Alexander Decker
This document presents a novel dual zero-vector random centered distribution PWM (DZRCDPWM) algorithm for direct torque controlled induction motor drive to reduce acoustic noise. The proposed algorithm uses two zero voltage vectors (V0 and V7) and selects one randomly based on the operating modulation index. Simulation results show the DZRCDPWM algorithm reduces acoustic noise harmonics compared to the conventional SVPWM algorithm by distributing the pulse patterns randomly. The DZRCDPWM provides better performance over the entire modulation index range for induction motor drive control with reduced acoustic noise.
Performance analysis of gated ring oscillator designed for audio frequency ra...VLSICS Design
This paper presents performance analysis of Gated Ring Oscillator (GRO). Proposed GRO is designed to
employ in implementation of Time to Digital Converter (TDC) block of Asynchronous ADC. For an audio
frequency range ADC, minimum GRO stages are designed using asynchronous technique. So leads to
reduced area and power. Compared to conventional Ring Oscillator (RO), we avoided to employ the gated
clock; to evade clock design related problems like jitter, additional area and power. Instead we preferred
gating of ring oscillator itself. Consequently during sleep mode, GRO disables automatically which saves
the dynamic power. Furthermore it also provides first order noise shaping of the quantization and
mismatch noise. Proposed GRO is implemented with 0.18μm CMOS Digital Technology in Cadence
Virtuso environment. GRO performance analysis shows oscillation frequency as 286 KHz with 327ps jitter
and average power consumption of 1.08μW
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. RF structure comparison for low energy accele...ESS BILBAO
This document compares different radio frequency (RF) structures that can be used for particle acceleration in the low energy range of 3 MeV to 200 MeV. It discusses figures of merit like shunt impedance and beam dynamics constraints for different structure types, including drift tube linacs (DTLs), coupled cavity drift tube linacs (CCDTLs), separated drift tube linacs (SDTLs), spoke cavities, and traveling wave structures. A comparison performed by the HIPPI collaboration assessed the performance of these structures based on factors like shunt impedance, beam dynamics acceptance, and mechanical complexity. Overall, no consensus structure exists for the low energy range, and the optimal design depends on project-specific parameters and future technology developments.
The document proposes a direct torque control (DTC) method for induction motors that combines space vector modulation (SVM) and an adaptive stator flux observer. It aims to preserve the fast dynamic response of DTC while improving steady-state performance and reducing torque ripple through SVM. An adaptive flux observer is designed using state feedback control theory to ensure stability and robustness. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed DTC-SVM approach with PI control and an adaptive flux observer in reducing torque ripple compared to conventional DTC.
This document discusses the limitations and capabilities of using slanted spectrograms to analyze synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data containing signals from multiple vibrating targets. It evaluates how well slanted spectrograms can detect vibration signatures under varying conditions. The document finds that slanted spectrograms have limitations and that improved discrete fractional Fourier transform (DFrFT)-based spectrograms using piecewise linear or polynomial fitting perform better by providing sharper features and detecting all vibration peaks in the SAR data. The performance of these spectrogram tools is affected by factors like the vibration frequencies and amplitudes, chirp rates, and level of clutter/noise in the data.
Signal Processing Algorithm of Space Time Coded Waveforms for Coherent MIMO R...IJMER
ABSTRACT: Space-time coding (STC) has been shown to play a key role in the design of MIMO radars with closely
spaced antennas. Multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) radar is emerging technology for target detection, parameter
identification, and target classification due to diversity of waveform and perspective. First, it turns out that a joint waveform
optimization problem can be decoupled into a set of individual waveform design problems. Second, a number of mono-static
waveforms can be directly used in a MIMO radar system, which offers flexibility in waveform selection. We provide
conditions for the elimination of waveform cross correlation. However, the mutual interference among the waveforms may
lead to performance degradation in resolving spatially close returns. We consider the use of space–time coding (STC) to
mitigate the waveform cross-correlation effects in MIMO radar. In addition, we also extend the model to partial waveform
cross-correlation removal based on waveform set division. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of STC in MIMO
radar for waveform de-correlation. This paper introduces the signal processing issued for the coherent MIMO radar without
and with STC waveforms and also studied signal processing algorithms of coherent MIMO radar with STC waveforms for
improvement of target detection and recognition performance for real life scenario.
Keywords: STC, coherent, Probability detection, MIMO and SNR.
This summary provides the key details about the document in 3 sentences:
The document presents a new simplified analytical model for Chireix outphasing combiners that accounts for impedance mismatch and reflection effects. The model derives simplified expressions for instantaneous efficiency and input/output voltages as functions of the decomposition angle and combiner parameters. Validation of the model is performed through comparisons with experimental and simulation results for different Chireix combiner designs.
This document summarizes a study on designing an optical beam filter and detector for laser range finding using photonic crystals. The study proposes using a one-dimensional photonic crystal structure to replace the mid-pass filter and beam detector in a laser range finder system that uses frequency modulation of continuous waves (FMCW). Through simulation, the photonic crystal structure is designed to have a narrow bandwidth of 5 nanometers around 630-645 nm to detect the transmitted laser beam. Defects and apodization of the photonic crystal refractive index profile allow controlling the wavelength passband. This detector design could enable measuring distances depending on the transmitted laser wavelength and power, reducing measurement errors.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The document summarizes the municipal solid waste management scenario of Kakinada City, India. Some key points:
- Kakinada city generates around 260 metric tons of solid waste per day from its population of over 300,000 people.
- Currently, solid waste is collected and transported to an open dumping site where it is disposed of indiscriminately without any processing.
- Proper waste management systems like segregation, transportation, treatment and disposal as outlined in India's solid waste management rules have not been fully implemented.
- Increasing population is leading to more waste generation but inadequate infrastructure and management, posing environmental and health problems.
Este documento describe los canales de distribución y los intermediarios involucrados en transferir productos de los productores a los consumidores. Explica las funciones de los canales de distribución como promoción, distribución física y aceptación de riesgos. También cubre factores que afectan la selección del canal de distribución como el tipo de mercado, tamaño de pedidos y servicios ofrecidos por los intermediarios.
O documento apresenta informações de contato de duas pessoas, Márcia Lopes e Elisa Lopes, que trabalham na OpenGV como arquiteta e diretora de arte, respectivamente. Ele também discute termos em inglês, português brasileiro e europeu relacionados a compras e consumidores.
O documento discute o framework PHP Zend e o padrão MVC. Ele explica a história do PHP e do Zend Framework, quando usar um framework PHP, os benefícios do MVC, por que usar o Zend Framework, como o MVC é implementado no Zend Framework e dá um exemplo prático.
O documento discute o papel da mulher na sociedade ao longo da história. Aponta que em sociedades antigas como a Minoica e Celta, a mulher tinha um papel central, mas que ao longo do tempo perdeu influência sob justificativas psicológicas e religiosas. Defende que a verdadeira conquista feminina está em descobrir a própria identidade através da alma, em vez de competir com os homens.
La Basílica de Lidón es una iglesia grande y popular en Castellón que alberga a la Virgen de Lidón, la patrona de la ciudad. Cerca del Parque Ribalta se encuentra la plaza de toros, construida en 1887. Castellón tiene tres playas bonitas: El Serradal, El Pinar y El Gurugú.
El documento habla sobre la importancia de la tecnología. Señala que la tecnología como el internet es fundamental en la actualidad para estudiar, trabajar y comunicarse. Además, menciona que su uso se ha vuelto indispensable en la vida cotidiana de las personas.
El CEIP Concordia es una escuela primaria ubicada en Campohermoso, Almería. Contiene 5 aulas para educar a los estudiantes de primaria. Brinda educación básica a niños en la localidad de Campohermoso.
Este documento resume el caso judicial contra el periódico El Universo por difamación e injurias contra el presidente Rafael Correa. Explica que el periódico publicó falsas acusaciones contra Correa que no pudo tolerar. A pesar de las tácticas de dilación y campañas de desprestigio de El Universo, la justicia ecuatoriana falló a favor de Correa en tres instancias. El documento critica la parcialidad de cierta prensa y de la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos a favor de la libert
Este documento presenta una tabla con los principales grupos funcionales de carbohidratos, incluyendo monosacáridos como la glucosa y la fructosa, así como sus variantes cíclicas. Explica los tipos de monosacáridos como aldosas, cetoses y triosas, tetrosas, pentosas y hexosas. Además, muestra un ejemplo de enlace glucosídico entre moléculas de glucosa para formar oligosacáridos como los disacáridos.
This document discusses several topics including Ghhhgfh, Gfhgfjg, Dfghfhj, and bgngjh as well as Dsjgsjdhd and afsdjgsfjds. It concludes by mentioning Shgsahgjhgsdf.
Jennifer López is an American singer, actress, dancer, fashion designer, producer and businesswoman. She became known in the 1990s as a Fly Girl dancer on In Living Color. Since then, she has established herself as one of the most influential Latin entertainers in the United States and has had commercial success in the music, film, and television industries.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERD(www.ijerd.com)International Journal of Engineering Research and Develop...IJERD Editor
This document presents the design and analysis of a slotted diagonal shaped patch antenna with a hybrid coupler. Theoretical performance is analyzed using ADS software. Measured return loss is -15.65dB at 2.417GHz, agreeing with simulations. Circular polarization is achieved by directly connecting the hybrid coupler to the radiating element. The antenna has a gain of 3.319dB and directivity of 6.98dB, making it useful for wireless applications.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development is an international premier peer reviewed open access engineering and technology journal promoting the discovery, innovation, advancement and dissemination of basic and transitional knowledge in engineering, technology and related disciplines.
We follow "Rigorous Publication" model - means that all articles appear on IJERD after full appraisal, effectiveness, legitimacy and reliability of research content. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development publishes papers online as well as provide hard copy of Journal to authors after publication of paper. It is intended to serve as a forum for researchers, practitioners and developers to exchange ideas and results for the advancement of Engineering & Technology.
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
This document presents a transit time model for short gate length ion-implanted GaAs MESFETs. It develops a 2D analytical model to calculate the potential distribution and electric field in the channel region. Based on this, it derives an expression for transit time by considering the carrier velocity and saturation effects. It also presents an equation for drain current as a function of transit time, doping profile, and other device parameters. Simulation results using MATLAB are shown for Id-Vd characteristics and transit time for different device geometry and material parameters. The model aims to better understand the underlying device physics of optically controlled GaAs MESFETs.
This document summarizes the performance evaluation of circular microstrip patch antenna arrays using different dielectric substrate materials. It describes the design and simulation of a circular microstrip patch antenna operating in the S-band frequency range (2.0-2.5GHz) using MATLAB software. The return loss, VSWR, and radiation patterns are analyzed for different dielectric constants. Both uniform and non-uniform antenna arrays are designed, including a linear array and Dolph-Tschebycheff array, and their radiation patterns are generated and compared using MATLAB. The purpose is to evaluate the effect of different dielectric substrate materials on the performance of circular microstrip patch antenna arrays.
This document summarizes the performance evaluation of circular microstrip patch antenna arrays using different dielectric substrate materials. It describes the design and simulation of a circular microstrip patch antenna operating in the S-band frequency range (2.0-2.5GHz) using MATLAB software. The return loss, VSWR, and radiation patterns are analyzed for different dielectric constants. Both uniform and non-uniform antenna arrays are designed, including a linear array and Dolph-Tschebycheff array, and their radiation patterns are generated and compared using MATLAB. The purpose is to evaluate the effect of different dielectric substrate materials on the performance of circular microstrip patch antenna arrays.
The document compares different parameters of a CPW-fed bowtie antenna designed for wideband applications across S, C, and X bands. Simulation results show that the antenna exhibits the widest bandwidth of 25% for VSWR <1.5 in the 4.9-8.2 GHz band. Return loss is highest at -26.5 dB in this band as well. Gain is highest at 6.03 dB in the same band. The antenna therefore performs best in the C-band frequency range of 4.9-8.2 GHz based on its bandwidth, return loss, and gain performance in the different bands analyzed.
This paper describes the design of a low power RF to DC generator for energy harvesting applications. A 2x2 microstrip rectangular patch antenna array was designed to capture RF energy at 2.4GHz. A two-stage voltage doubler circuit with matching was also designed using Schottky diodes to convert the captured RF energy to a DC voltage. Simulation results showed the antenna array achieved a gain of 11.58dB and the voltage doubler produced a DC output voltage of 0.747V at -10dBm input power when loaded with 20kOhms. The system aims to harvest directed RF energy for powering wireless sensor nodes.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is publis...researchinventy
A multiple C-shaped microstrip patch antenna system is presented to provide wide coverage for wireless applications. The system consists of five C-shaped patch antennas fed by a coplanar waveguide network. The antennas and feeding network are fabricated on an FR4 substrate that is 1.6mm thick with a relative permittivity of 4.4. Modeling and simulation using HFSS electromagnetic simulator shows the system provides multiple resonance frequencies at 2.4GHz for applications such as DCS, MCS, WLAN, and WiMAX. Simulation results demonstrate return losses of 20dB at 6.7GHz, 10dB at 4.4GHz and 14dB at 1.8GHz, obtaining frequency bands of 1.7-
A design procedure for active rectangular microstrip patch antennaIAEME Publication
This document presents a design procedure for an active rectangular microstrip patch antenna operating in the X-band frequency range. It begins with the design of the passive antenna element using standard equations. Appropriate input and output matching circuits are then examined and an amplifier is designed. The passive antenna is connected to the amplifier input to form the overall active antenna structure, which is simulated using ADS software. The results show improvements in characteristics like gain and bandwidth for the active antenna compared to the passive design alone. A comparison of the key characteristics of passive versus active antenna designs is also provided.
This document provides an overview of important considerations for selecting an antenna for short range wireless applications. It discusses various antenna types (PCB, chip, whip, wire), parameters to consider (radiation pattern, gain, bandwidth, size, cost), antenna theory basics, and measurement techniques. The document also describes antenna reference designs from Texas Instruments for different frequency bands and provides additional antenna resources. Selecting the proper antenna is key to optimizing system performance and reducing costs.
The document summarizes the radar range equation, which relates characteristics of the radar system and target to the signal power received by the radar. It provides the basic form of the equation and then derives and explains each term in detail. Key terms are the transmitted power, antenna gains, wavelength, target radar cross section, range, and losses. Understanding all the terms and their derivation is important for a solid foundation in radar fundamentals and applications like detection theory.
Losses in Waveguide and Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) For Ku Band: A C...IJMER
This document compares losses in conventional waveguides and substrate integrated waveguides (SIW) for Ku band frequencies. It first describes the design and operation of SIWs, then theoretically calculates different types of losses - dielectric, conductor, and leakage - for both waveguides and SIWs. Simulation results show that while SIW performance is similar to waveguides, leakage losses are significantly lower for SIWs at millimeter wave frequencies, making SIWs preferable over conventional waveguides.
This document describes the design and simulation of a dual band patch antenna for WLAN/WiMax applications. Three miniaturized dual band u-slot patch antenna designs are investigated that can operate in both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands. The second resonant frequency band can be shifted by varying the width of the u-slot. The antennas are simulated using Ansoft HFSS and Antenna Magus software. The antenna parameters such as input impedance, return loss, and polarization are obtained and optimized to meet design requirements.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The document describes the design of a microstrip patch antenna with circular and step-shaped slots for S-band applications. A rectangular patch antenna with coaxial feed and step slots on four sides and a circular slot in the center is proposed. The antenna is simulated in HFSS and achieves a return loss of -38.42 dB at 3.73 GHz. The antenna has a 2D gain of 7.59 dB, elliptical polarization, and radiation patterns that make it suitable for weather radar applications in the S-band frequency range.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is publis...researchinventy
This document summarizes the design and development of a switchable fractal patch antenna for GPS applications. The antenna uses a stacked fractal patch design to reduce size and mitigate interference. Two fractal patch antennas with different radiation patterns are stacked and selected using diode switching. Simulation results show the stacked fractal patch antenna achieves a return loss of -29.01 dB, VSWR of 1.30, and size reduction of up to 62.4% compared to a basic patch antenna design through the use of fractal iterations. The stacked fractal patch design provides a compact antenna that can directly replace existing antennas for GPS applications.
This document analyzes the performance of a Bluetooth system using an optimized differential Gaussian frequency-shift keying (GFSK) demodulator. It first introduces Bluetooth technology and the GFSK modulation scheme. It then presents the system model and signal model for the Bluetooth transmission. The key contribution is developing an optimized differential GFSK demodulator that averages the phase over a portion of each symbol to improve performance compared to conventional differential demodulation that uses a single phase sample per symbol. Simulation results show the proposed demodulator achieves better bit error rate than conventional techniques.
Design and development of microstrip array antenna for wide dual band operationIAEME Publication
This document summarizes the design and development of a microstrip array antenna for wide dual band operation. Specifically, it presents a novel design of a slot loaded two element rectangular microstrip array antenna (SRMAA) that achieves triple band operation. By minimizing the ground plane to 48.8% and 76.8%, the antenna is able to convert to dual band operation while enhancing impedance bandwidth and gain without significantly changing the omni-directional radiation pattern. Experimental results show the proposed antenna designs achieve their design goals of dual band operation and performance improvement over traditional designs.
Design and development of microstrip array antenna for wide dual band operation
Eq25879884
1. Riadh MEHOUACHI, Hichem TAGHOUTI, Sameh KHMAILIA, Abdelkader MAMI /
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622
www.ijera.com Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.879-884
Modelling and Determination of the Scattering Parameters Of
Wideband Patch Antenna By Using A Bond Graph Approach
Riadh MEHOUACHI*, Hichem TAGHOUTI*, Sameh KHMAILIA*,
Abdelkader MAMI**
*
(Department of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Analysis and Command Systems,
National Engineering School of Tunis, P.O. Box 37, 1002 Tunisia)
**
(Laboratory of High Frequency Circuits, Department of Physics, Sciences Faculty of Tunis,
2092 El Manar Tunis Tunisia)
ABSTRACT
In the setting of research works which last model to the reduced bond graph model by the
study the modeling and the simulation of physical integro-differentials operators which is based on the
systems functioning at high frequency causal ways [3] to determine the scattering
(transmission lines, filter based on localized parameters (reflexion and transmission coefficient).
elements, patch antenna, etc...) , we propose in Finally we repeat the simulation using ADS
this paper a new method to improve the analysis simulator to make a simple comparison between the
of the wideband antenna witch is the bond graph two methods.
approach. This type of antenna is gotten by using
several shapes as the parasitic antenna that has a II. STRUCTURE OF WIDEBAND PATCH
narrow bandwidth. This study describes the ANTENNA
modeling of a parasitic antenna by bond graph To have an antenna with a wideband, we
approach and the simulation of the scattering proposed parasitic antenna shown by figures 1(a) and
parameters of this antenna. Our aim, also, is to (b) which represents respectively the 3D schematic
control the bandwidth through the capacity of structure and the side view of the proposed MPA.
coupling between the main patch and the We chose the square shape, the main and the
parasitic patch. parasitic patch to follow the same equations for the
rectangular shape, the same width and length of the
Keywords - Parasitic antenna, Bond Graph patch was made to ease the determinations of the
Modeling, Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA), parameters of our antenna.
Square Patch, Scattering Formalism. Parasitic patch
Main patch
z εr1 H2
I. INTRODUCTION x y ε r2 H1
A microstrip patch antenna is a critical
component for any wireless communication systems Feed line
because it has many favorable characteristics as
planar configuration, low profile, light weight, easy Fig. 1 (a) 3D schematic structure of parasitic antenna
analysis and easy integration with other microwave (b) side view of parasitic antenna
circuits but, in general, rectangular patch antennas
have the disadvantage of a narrow bandwidth. This The proposed antenna is formed by two
last parameter is an important one for certain systems elementary patches, the main patch and the parasitic
as that to the reading level of systems known as patch which has the same geometric measurements.
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). This type of We can apply the electric model to the parasitic patch
antenna is gotten by the network of patch antennas or without forgetting the importance of coupling
by the parasitic antennas [1]. In the setting of this between the two radiating elements [1] [4] as figure 2
article, we have constructed the precise and simple shows, the main patch is considered as virtual ground
electric models from the geometric measurements of plan for the parasitic patch. Cc denotes the capacitive
the patch antenna to be able to control the coupling coupling caused by the two resonators. These are the
between the two elementary (main patch and main patch (R1 L1 C1) and the parasitic patch (R2 L2
parasitic patch). On the other hand, we can follow the C2).
resonance frequency and width band of a simple
way. This electric model has been constructed while
even applying the technical for the simple patch [2].
First we have determined the model bond graph of
the parasitic antenna. Then we have transformed this
879 | P a g e
2. Riadh MEHOUACHI, Hichem TAGHOUTI, Sameh KHMAILIA, Abdelkader MAMI /
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622
www.ijera.com Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.879-884
1
W 1
0.441 0.082 r 2 (10)
60 2H r
Z a (W )
r r 1 W
2 (1.451 ln[ 0.94])
r 2H
Is the impedance of an air filled microstrip line
Z a 0 (W ) Z a (W , ε r 1)
Fig. 2 Equivalent circuit of the proposed parasitic
W
patch antenna 2
W
Pa (W ) 2 ( H )(1 W ) W 2 ln[2 exp( W 0.94) (11)
H W H H 2H
0.94
2H
III. THEORETICAL CONSIDERATION Tgδ: is the tangent of loss in the dielectric and is
given by:
3.1 Analysis of parasitic antenna:
The width of (MPA) can be determined by H W (12)
δ 0.882 0.164 (ε r 1) / ε r (( ε r 1)(0.756 ln( 1.88)) / πε r
2
using the following equation [2][5]: W H
1 2 C dyn (ε )
W (1) ε dyn (13)
2 f r μ0 ε 0 εr 1 C dyn (ε 0 )
Where ƒr resonant frequency ε0 ε r A 1 ε reff (ε r , H ,W ) ε ε A (14)
ε0 and µ0 are the permittivity and the permeability in C dyn (ε ) 0 r
Hγn γm 2γn c0 Z (ε r 1, H ,W ) H
free space respectively.
The determinations of the parameters of the 1, j 0
γj
main and the parasitic are determined by the 2, j 0
following equations 1
377 W W (15)
ε eff ε 0W 2 Z (W , H , εr ) 1.393 0.667 ln 1.44
2
πx H H
H
C cos 0 (2)
2H W W
f( ) 6 (2π 6) exp(
36.66 H
)0.7528 (16)
C : capacitance H W
: the distance of the feed point from the edge of The effective dielectric constant of microstrip line
and is given by:
the patch. 1
H : thickness of dielectric ε 1 εr 1 H 2
The inductance L is given by: εeff r 1 12 (17)
2 2 W
1
L 2
(3) The capacity of Gap in presence of dielectric which
wresC
wres 2πf r (4) describes the coupling between the two patches is
given by:
The resistance R is calculate using equation (5)
ε0 ε r πs 0.02 H 1
QT C gd ln coth 0.65C f εr (1 2 ) (18)
R QT : Quality factor (5) π 4H S εr
wr C Cf C f1 C f 2 C f : Fringe capacity
1
1 1 1
QT (6) 1 Z (W , H , εr 1) ε0 εrW
Cf1 L (19)
QR QC QD 2γn cZ 2 ( L, H , εr ) H
1
QD : Losses in the dielectric (7) 1 Z (W , H , εr 1) ε0 εrW
Tgδ Cf 2 W (20)
2γm cZ 2 ( L, H , εr ) H
c0 ε dyn
QR : Radiation quality factor (8)
4 fr H
0.786 f r Z a 0 (W ) H
QC : Losses in the
Pa
conductor (9)
880 | P a g e
3. Riadh MEHOUACHI, Hichem TAGHOUTI, Sameh KHMAILIA, Abdelkader MAMI /
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622
www.ijera.com Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.879-884
• zCc: the reduced impedance of the element put in
series
3.2 Characteristics of parasitic antenna
The figure 3 indicates that our system is composed of
The summary of antenna characteristics are shown three main parts that are port 1 (power source), port 2
(load) and quadruple (process). The causality
on table1, the main patch and the parasitic patch have assignment in input-output of this process [10] is
the same measurements and characteristics. shown by figure 4
ε2 Port2
ε1
Port1 Process
φ1 φ2
Main patch characteristics value (mm)
Main patch width (W) 37.9mm Fig .4 Reduced bond graph model with flow-effort
causality
Relative permittivity (εr1) 2.6
▪ ε1 and ε2 are respectively the reduced variable
Tang (δ) 0.002 (effort) at the entry and the exit of the system.
Thickness of dielectric (H1) 3.2mm ▪ φ1and φ2 are respectively the reduced variable
(flow) at the entry and the exit of the system.
Table 1. Summary of patch characteristics This type of reduced and causal bond graph has the
following matrix:
1 H 11 H 12 1
I. SCATTERING PARAMETERS OF THE H H 22 2
(21)
PARASITIC ANTENNA 2 21
First we propose to determine the scattering We can note
parameters [6] of the parasitic antenna [2] from its H H12
H 11
H 22
reduced bond graph model [7] without forgetting (22)
causality assignment. Finally we compare the results H 21
found by the method of bond graph with the results Hij represent the integro-differentials operators
determined by using the classic method (HP-ADS associated to the causal ways connecting the port Pj
software). to the port Pi and obtained by the general form given
below.
n Tk k
z H ij (23)
k 1
C
1 Li Li L j Li L j Lk ... 1 ... (24)
m
c
Port Port
1 0 1 0 2 ▪Hij= complete gain between Pj and Pi.
▪ Δ= the determinant of the causal bond graph
▪Pi= input port.
y ypp ▪Pj= output port.
Quadrupl
e ▪Tk= gain of the k th forward path between Pi and Pj
m
▪n= total number of forward path between Pi and Pj
p ▪Li= loop gain of each causal algebraic loop in the
Fig.3 Reduced bond graph model of the parasitic
bond graph model.
antenna
▪LiLj= product of loop gains of any tow non-touching
4.1 Determination of the bond graph model of the loops (no common causal bond).
▪LiLjLk= product of the loop gains of any three pair
parasitic antenna wise no touching loops.
The equivalent circuit of parasitic antenna ▪Δk= the factor value of Δ for the k th forward path,
that is already shown permits us to determine the this value calculates himself as Δ when one only
reduced bond graph model [11] given by the
following figure. keeps the causal loops without touching the k th
• ymp and ypp: are respectively the reduced chain of action.
equivalent admittance of the main patch and parasitic We noted:
patch. i i i i
ai , ai (25)
2 2
881 | P a g e
4. Riadh MEHOUACHI, Hichem TAGHOUTI, Sameh KHMAILIA, Abdelkader MAMI /
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622
www.ijera.com Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.879-884
Fig. 5 Decomposition of reduced bond graph model
V yCc
i , i I R0 (26)
R0
These are reduced voltage and current. ε2
ε'1 ε'1
1 1 1 1 a1
P1
2 1 1 b1
(27) 0 1 P' P' 0 P2
1 φ1 φ'1 φ'1
2 1 1 1 a2
2 1 1 b
(28)
2 2 zmp zpp
b1 w11 w12 a2 a
a w W 2
b b (29)
1 21 w22 2 2 Fig. 6 The first and the second sub-model
We use the preceding equations; we can find for each 1 1
case of causality one wave matrix. ymp τ cmps (34)
τ Lmp s τ Rmp
1 1 H 11 H 22 H 1 H 11 H 22 H
W (30)
2 H 21 1 H 11 H 22 H 1 H 11 H 22 H 1 1
y pp τ cpp s (35)
With τ Lpp s τ Rpp
H H11 H 22 H12 H 21 (31)
The following scattering matrix gives us the zCc Cc s (36)
scattering parameters: Where:
b1 s11 s12 a2 a Ci R0 Ci
b s S 1
a A (32)
2 21 s22 2 2 Li
Li
The relation between equations permits us to get the R0
following equations: R0: the scaling resistance and s: The Laplace
w11 s 22 s 1
21
operator.
1
We have the integro-differentials operators given by
w12 s 21 the previously equations.
1 1
w21 ( s12 s 21 s11s 22 ) s 21 L1 : Loop gains of algebraic given by sub-
1
z mp yCc
w22 s11 s 21 model.
The corresponding scattering matrix is given by: 1
1 1 : Determinant of causal bond graph
z mp yCc
w w 1 ( w w w w ) 1
S 12 22
T 11 22 21 12 w22 (33) of the first sub model.
1 w w 1 The following equations represent the integro-
w22
21 22
differentials operators of the model
We can make a decomposition of the reduced bond z Cc
H 11
graph model [3] [9] [10] given by figure 3 to z Cc y mp 1
determine the W matrix easily, this decomposition is
given by figure 5 and 6 H
1
12 z Cc y mp 1
zCc Decomposition
H
1
21 z Cc y mp 1
(37)
ε1 ε'2 ε'2 ε2 y mp
H 22
z Cc y mp 1
P1
0 1 1 0 P2
φ1 φ'2 φ'2 H 1
φ1
z Cc y mp 1
ymp ypp
882 | P a g e
5. Riadh MEHOUACHI, Hichem TAGHOUTI, Sameh KHMAILIA, Abdelkader MAMI /
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622
www.ijera.com Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.879-884
The equation 23 we permit to extract in the following The simulation given by figure 8 shows the variation
matrix. of parasitic antenna bandwidth according Cc if we
use the HP-ADS software.
1 zCc y pp zCc y pp 2 zCc y pp zCc y pp (38)
W1
2 zCc y pp zCc y pp zCc y pp zCc y pp 2
With the same method we can determine W2
1 2 ymp ymp
W2 2 y pp
(39)
2 ymp
The wave matrix of the complete model can
be given by the product of the first and the second
wave matrix [8].
W W12
WT W1 * W p 11
W
(40)
21 W22 Fig.8 Variation of parasitic antenna bandwidth
according Cc (under HP-ADS software)
4.2 Simulations results
We used a simple programming and We can see that the two results are similar,
simulation under Maple software to determine if we use the traditional method (HP-ADS software)
scattering parameters. The variation of parasitic or we used this new method (the bond graph
antenna bandwidth according to the capacity of approach), we find the same characteristics of the
coupling between the two patches is represented by reflection coefficient.
figure 6.
IV. CONCLUSION
This study designed the parasitic antenna
that has a narrow bandwidth. We notice that the
bandwidth is variable by varying the coupling
capacity which is proportional to the dimensions of
the parasitic patch and the distance between the two
patches. In this paper we chose the tool of modelling
using band graph approach to analyze the parasitic
antenna, this tool offers us several advantages as the
possibility to simulate structures of a simple, fast,
efficient and more economic manner. For these
reasons, it is possible to apply this new analysis
method in many wireless systems and microwaves
domain.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to thank especially Prof.
MAMI Abdelkader and Dr. TAGHOUTI Hichem
for the time and guidance given throughout the all
Fig.7 Variation of parasitic antenna bandwidth carried out works, without forgetting the members of
according Cc (using bond graph approach) the unit of electronics and high frequency circuits
Mr. MEHOUACHI Riadh and Miss. KHMAILIA
Our survey showed us that the variation of Sameh and all those who contributed and aided for
the coupling capacity Cc modifies the bandwidth as this study in particularly L.A.C.S members
shown on the figure 7. (Laboratory of analysis and command systems).
Indeed, Cc essentially depends on surfaces
occupied by the two patches, the permittivity of
REFERENCES
substrate that separates them as well as the distance
[1] K. chin, H. Chang, and J. Liu, "Design of
between the two resonant poles. Figure 6 show that LTCC Wideband Patch Antenna for LMDS
the wideband increases progressively if the capacity Band Applications’’ Antenna and wireless
of Cc coupling increases; the variation of Cc between propagation letters, Vol.9, 2010
1.7pF and 4pF increases the wideband with 50 MHz.
[2] R. Mehouachi, H. Taghouti, S. Khmailia
and M. Abdelkader "Modeling and
Simulation of the Patch Antenna by using
883 | P a g e
6. Riadh MEHOUACHI, Hichem TAGHOUTI, Sameh KHMAILIA, Abdelkader MAMI /
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622
www.ijera.com Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.879-884
Band Graph approach", International Mathematics, Berlin, Germany, Vol. 1,
Journal of Advances in Engineering and pp.651-656
Technology, Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp. 474-484
[8] H. Taghouti, A. Mami, "Discussion around
the Scattering matrix Realization of a
[3] H. Hichem and M. Abdelkader, " Microwave filter using the Bond Graph
Extraction, Modelling and Simulation of Approach and Scattering Formalism" ,
Scattering Matrix of a Chebychev Low-Pass American Journal of Applied Sciences 9 (4):
Filter with cut-off frequency 100 MHz from 459-467, 2012 ISSN 1546-9239.
its Causal and Decomposed Bond Graph [9] T. Hichem, M. Abdelkader "Application of
Model", ICGST-ACSE Journal, Vol 10, the reduced bond graph approaches to
Issue 1,November 2010, pp. 29-37 determinate the scattering parameters of a
high frequency filter", Proceedings of 10 th
[4] K. chin, H. Chang, and J. Liu, B. Chen, J. International conference on Sciences and
Cheng and J. Fu "Staked patch antenna techniques of Automatic control & computer
array on LTCC substrate operated at 28 engineering, STA’2009-SSI-548, pp 379-
Ghz," J. of Electromagn. Waves and Appl., 391, Hammamet, Tunisia, December 20-
Vol. 25,527-538, 2011 22,2009.
[5] M. Mohd Shah, M. Abdul Aziz and M. [10] Hichem Taghouti and Abdelkader Mami,
Suaidi ‘’Dual Linearly Polarized Microstrip ‘’New extraction method of the scattering
Array Antenna" Trends in parameters of a physical system starting
Telecommunications Technologies from its causal bond graph model:
[6] F. Andrea, P. Marco, " Generalised Mixed- Application to a microwave filter’’,
Mode S-Parameters" , IEEE Transactions International Journal of the Physical
on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. Sciences Vol. 6(13), pp. 3016–3030, 4 July,
51,no.1,p.p 458-463, 2006 2011. DOI: 10.5897/IJPS10.216.
[7] M. L. Kouba, Maher Amara, "Contribution [11] A. Maher, S. Scavarda, "A procedure to
à l’Etude des Aspects match bond graph and scattering formalisms
Energétique en Robtique mobile", 15th ". Journal of the Franklin Institute Vol. 328,
IMACS World Congress on Scientific ISSUES 5-6? pp. 887-89? 1991.
Computation, Modelling and Applied
884 | P a g e