EPA is denying a petition to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles for three reasons: 1) EPA lacks authority under the Clean Air Act; 2) Congress assigned regulation of fuel economy to DOT, not EPA; and 3) regulating GHG emissions from vehicles would be inappropriate at this time given ongoing scientific studies. The agency outlines the Bush administration's voluntary approach to addressing climate change through public-private partnerships and fuel efficiency programs.
The EPA denied a petition to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles for three reasons:
1) The EPA lacks authority under the Clean Air Act to regulate carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases for climate change purposes. 2) The only practical way to reduce motor vehicle emissions of carbon dioxide is to regulate fuel economy, which is assigned to the Department of Transportation. 3) The EPA believes regulating greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles would be inappropriate at this time given ongoing research into uncertainties. The agency will continue voluntary partnership programs to reduce emissions.
The EPA denied a petition to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles for three reasons: 1) the EPA lacks authority under the Clean Air Act to regulate CO2 and other greenhouse gases for climate change purposes; 2) regulating fuel economy, which is the only practical way to reduce vehicle emissions of CO2, is assigned by Congress to the Department of Transportation; and 3) regulating greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles would be inappropriate at this time. The EPA took this action in response to a petition filed in 1999 by environmental groups seeking to compel the EPA to regulate greenhouse gases from motor vehicles under the Clean Air Act.
USPTO - GHG challenges, opportunities - Steven Sherman, HATCISteven Sherman
This document provides an overview of light-duty vehicle greenhouse gas emission regulations in the United States. It discusses the importance of the policy for energy and climate goals, and how the regulations are structured, including flexibilities to incentivize innovation. It also reviews vehicle fuel consumption, key technologies to improve efficiency, and automakers' compliance through 2014. Finally, it outlines the technologies needed to meet future standards and the required rate of improvement for the auto industry.
Gglts Green Matters 2009 New Green Legislation PresentationMike Flynn
The document summarizes key aspects of California's CALGREEN building code, which aims to reduce energy and water usage in new buildings to meet the state's climate change goals. It outlines various provisions of the code related to site design, energy efficiency, water conservation, and materials. It also notes that the code becomes effective in August 2009 and will be mandatory for some building types and voluntary for others, with requirements getting stricter over time. Implementation of the code is expected to significantly improve energy efficiency and water conservation in California's buildings.
En la siguiente presentación podrás saber acerca del uso de la huella de carbono. Los respectivos parámetros que contiene la aplicación y cómo calcular las emisiones de CO2 en el ambiente.
The document discusses the limitations of existing approaches to regulating greenhouse gas emissions from transportation fuels and outlines a proposed "carbon management" approach. It analyzes emissions from biofuels production and use that are missed by a traditional cap-and-trade system, such as indirect land use change. The proposed approach specifies regulating finished transportation fuels at the point of distribution and uses facility-level accounting of supply chain emissions to provide credits against allowance requirements for uncapped emissions. It aims to comprehensively and transparently account for greenhouse gas impacts while respecting policy and stakeholder considerations.
The document discusses the need for businesses to adapt to climate change by managing their carbon emissions and becoming compliant with greenhouse gas reporting regulations. It provides an overview of the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting (NGER) Act and thresholds that require mandatory reporting. The summary highlights key actions businesses should take to develop a carbon management plan and reduce emissions, including calculating their carbon footprint, identifying reduction opportunities, and creating an action plan.
The document discusses how aircraft emissions impact climate change through several processes. It releases greenhouse gases and alters the concentration of gases in the atmosphere which changes its radiative properties and forces. International organizations like ICAO and the aviation industry have adopted goals to improve fuel efficiency, stabilize emissions through carbon neutral growth by 2020 and reduce emissions 50% by 2050 compared to 2005 levels through more efficient air traffic management, new aircraft technology, and alternative fuels. ICAO is working with states and industry to implement strategies across these areas to reduce the sector's environmental impact.
The EPA denied a petition to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles for three reasons:
1) The EPA lacks authority under the Clean Air Act to regulate carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases for climate change purposes. 2) The only practical way to reduce motor vehicle emissions of carbon dioxide is to regulate fuel economy, which is assigned to the Department of Transportation. 3) The EPA believes regulating greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles would be inappropriate at this time given ongoing research into uncertainties. The agency will continue voluntary partnership programs to reduce emissions.
The EPA denied a petition to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles for three reasons: 1) the EPA lacks authority under the Clean Air Act to regulate CO2 and other greenhouse gases for climate change purposes; 2) regulating fuel economy, which is the only practical way to reduce vehicle emissions of CO2, is assigned by Congress to the Department of Transportation; and 3) regulating greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles would be inappropriate at this time. The EPA took this action in response to a petition filed in 1999 by environmental groups seeking to compel the EPA to regulate greenhouse gases from motor vehicles under the Clean Air Act.
USPTO - GHG challenges, opportunities - Steven Sherman, HATCISteven Sherman
This document provides an overview of light-duty vehicle greenhouse gas emission regulations in the United States. It discusses the importance of the policy for energy and climate goals, and how the regulations are structured, including flexibilities to incentivize innovation. It also reviews vehicle fuel consumption, key technologies to improve efficiency, and automakers' compliance through 2014. Finally, it outlines the technologies needed to meet future standards and the required rate of improvement for the auto industry.
Gglts Green Matters 2009 New Green Legislation PresentationMike Flynn
The document summarizes key aspects of California's CALGREEN building code, which aims to reduce energy and water usage in new buildings to meet the state's climate change goals. It outlines various provisions of the code related to site design, energy efficiency, water conservation, and materials. It also notes that the code becomes effective in August 2009 and will be mandatory for some building types and voluntary for others, with requirements getting stricter over time. Implementation of the code is expected to significantly improve energy efficiency and water conservation in California's buildings.
En la siguiente presentación podrás saber acerca del uso de la huella de carbono. Los respectivos parámetros que contiene la aplicación y cómo calcular las emisiones de CO2 en el ambiente.
The document discusses the limitations of existing approaches to regulating greenhouse gas emissions from transportation fuels and outlines a proposed "carbon management" approach. It analyzes emissions from biofuels production and use that are missed by a traditional cap-and-trade system, such as indirect land use change. The proposed approach specifies regulating finished transportation fuels at the point of distribution and uses facility-level accounting of supply chain emissions to provide credits against allowance requirements for uncapped emissions. It aims to comprehensively and transparently account for greenhouse gas impacts while respecting policy and stakeholder considerations.
The document discusses the need for businesses to adapt to climate change by managing their carbon emissions and becoming compliant with greenhouse gas reporting regulations. It provides an overview of the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting (NGER) Act and thresholds that require mandatory reporting. The summary highlights key actions businesses should take to develop a carbon management plan and reduce emissions, including calculating their carbon footprint, identifying reduction opportunities, and creating an action plan.
The document discusses how aircraft emissions impact climate change through several processes. It releases greenhouse gases and alters the concentration of gases in the atmosphere which changes its radiative properties and forces. International organizations like ICAO and the aviation industry have adopted goals to improve fuel efficiency, stabilize emissions through carbon neutral growth by 2020 and reduce emissions 50% by 2050 compared to 2005 levels through more efficient air traffic management, new aircraft technology, and alternative fuels. ICAO is working with states and industry to implement strategies across these areas to reduce the sector's environmental impact.
The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) establishes minimum volumes of various types of renewable fuels that suppliers must blend into the United States’ supply of fuel for transportation. Those volumes—as defined by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA)—are intended to grow each year through 2022. In recent years, the requirements of the RFS have been met largely by blending gasoline with ethanol made from cornstarch. In the future, EISA requires the use of increasingly large amounts of “advanced biofuels,” which include diesel made from biomass (such as soybean oil or animal fat), ethanol made from sugarcane, and cellulosic biofuels (made from converting the cellulose in plant materials into fuel).
Policymakers and analysts have raised concerns about the RFS, including whether complying with the standard will be feasible, whether it will increase prices for food and transportation fuels, and whether it will lead to the intended reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Because of those concerns, some policymakers have proposed repealing or revising the Renewable Fuel Standard.
Presentation by Terry Dinan, Senior Adviser in CBO’s Microeconomic Studies Division, and by David Austin and Ron Gecan, who are Principal Analysts in that division.
The document provides an overview of EPA's proposed Clean Power Plan (CPP) under Section 111(d) of the Clean Air Act. Key points:
1) The CPP aims to reduce carbon emissions from existing power plants 30% by 2030 from 2005 levels through four "building blocks" including efficiency improvements, switching to natural gas, renewables, and demand reduction.
2) States must submit plans by 2016 describing how they will meet individualized emission reduction targets using these building blocks. Plans will be evaluated on criteria like enforceability and meeting interim goals.
3) Implementation is uncertain as the final rule is still to come in 2015 and legal challenges are expected from utilities and states over issues like costs,
Mitigation of environmental issues of AviationAkanksha Singh
This document discusses mitigation of environmental impacts from aviation. It begins with an introduction noting that aircraft engines emit noise, gases and particulates which account for 3.5% of total emissions. Several initiatives aim to address environmental concerns, including multilateral agreements through ICAO and the Kyoto Protocol, as well as bilateral agreements between countries. A case study examines a lawsuit related to aircraft noise disturbing property enjoyment. The document concludes with policy recommendations such as improving efficiencies, alternative fuels, route optimization, and emission trading schemes to work towards a greener future for aviation.
The document discusses establishing fuel economy standards and a 5-star labeling program for passenger vehicles in India. It provides context for such a program, including existing energy conservation policies and goals to reduce oil consumption and imports. International fuel labeling programs are reviewed. The significant impact of air conditioning usage on fuel consumption in India is analyzed due to hot weather. Regulations are needed to improve air conditioning efficiency and phase out refrigerants with high global warming potential.
Aviation industry and environmental impactsAMALDASKH
This document discusses the environmental impacts of aviation, including greenhouse gas emissions which are expected to grow substantially by 2050. It outlines the facts on aviation emissions, including that aviation accounts for 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions. The document also discusses IATA's environmental policy goals and initiatives to reduce emissions, including supporting CORSIA and working with airlines on solutions. It summarizes environmental initiatives by Southwest Airlines to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions and waste.
Experience Mazda Zoom Zoom Lifestyle and Culture by Visiting and joining the Official Mazda Community at http://www.MazdaCommunity.org for additional insight into the Zoom Zoom Lifestyle and special offers for Mazda Community Members. If you live in Arizona, check out CardinaleWay Mazda's eCommerce website at http://www.Cardinale-Way-Mazda.com
This document provides an analysis of idling reduction technologies and alternative fuel vehicles for municipal fleets in the City and County of Schenectady, NY. It finds that the police department consumes 65% of the city's unleaded fuel and accounts for 31% of greenhouse gas emissions. Idling police vehicles for 4 hours per day costs an estimated $147,000 annually in fuel costs alone. Idling reduction devices could save over $337,000 annually with payback periods of 16 months or less. Replacing the entire police fleet with electric vehicles could reduce total lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions by 78% compared to gas vehicles. While electric vehicles have lower emissions, return on investment must consider total ownership costs over the vehicle lifetime
POV - Climate change solution for the airline industrySonata Software
The document discusses how the global airline industry is exploring ways to reduce carbon emissions and is vulnerable to climate change regulations. While aviation only accounts for 2-3% of total greenhouse gas emissions, its impact is estimated to be 2-4 times greater due to emissions at high altitudes. The UN has urged international organizations to agree on managing airline emissions. The document outlines strategies airlines could adopt under four pillars: technology, infrastructure, operations, and carbon offset programs. It also discusses the EU's emissions trading scheme and how Sonata can provide IT solutions to help airlines track and report emission data needed to comply with regulations.
Is air quality taken seriously in planning decisions? - Rose GroganIES / IAQM
Air quality issues in planning and development have been brought into focus recently thanks to a number of high profile court cases. This presentation will examine how air quality issues fit into the overall planning system, the legal and policy tests which apply to air quality issues and how air quality issues arise in planning litigation. The presentation will use a number of case studies to identify how planning authorities have approached air quality issues in the planning sphere, and what role the court has to play when decision-making (arguably) goes wrong.
The document discusses the U.S. policy on carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). It outlines three themes of President's Climate Action Plan: mitigation through technologies like CCUS, adaptation and resilience of infrastructure, and international partnerships. It then provides details on challenges like low natural gas prices, upcoming EPA regulations and their compliance timelines, the Clean Air Act Section 111(b) and 111(d), and funding amounts for the DOE's CCUS and power systems research programs.
The U.S. power generation fuel mix continues to shift, driven in part by low natural gas prices, state renewable mandates, tightening environmental regulations, and lower installed costs of some generation technologies such as solar. On June 18, 2014, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued its proposed Clean Power Plan (CPP), a proposed greenhouse gas emissions regulation scheme for existing plants, promulgated under section 111(d) of the Clean Air Act.
In this update, readers will see the latest legal developments and timelines under key EPA- proposed regulations, a brief overview of EPA’s Clean Power Plan and related state emissions reduction goals, and recent developments and open issues.
For more information, please visit www.scottmadden.com.
The report looks at federal, state and local activities to help control air pollution from oil and gas--both drilling and pipelines. Without taking sides, this report provides information on the natural gas industry and the types and sources of air pollutants caused by the industry. The report examines the role of the federal government in regulating these emissions, including provisions in the Clean Air Act and EPA's onerous regulatory activities.
The document discusses how changes in Ontario's electrical sector may impact air quality and human health. Specifically, it analyzes how increasing reliance on coal-fired power plants due to the Nuclear Asset Optimization Plan and the introduction of competition in the electricity market could worsen air pollution issues like acid rain, smog, and global climate change by increasing emissions of pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon dioxide. It recommends regulatory actions like establishing emissions caps and promoting renewable energy to mitigate these potential negative effects.
The document summarizes regulatory and enforcement priorities under the Trump EPA, including returning power to states, focusing on sensible economic growth and reducing regulatory burdens. Key points discussed are the executive orders on regulatory reform, reconsideration of rules like the Clean Power Plan and methane standards, and potential reductions in enforcement activities and penalties. Cooperative federalism with states taking a larger role is emphasized.
Environmental Law for Business Seminar: Status Report on the Call for Action ...This account is closed
Six months following the release of the Environmental Commissioner of Ontario's report Looking for Leadership – The Costs of Climate Inaction, we look at what, if any, changes have occurred since that report. In this presentation, Gowlings and our multi-disciplinary panel address key issues including:
• U.S. federal and state actions in response to climate change
• Highlights from the International Bar Association’s Climate Change Justice and Human Rights Task Force Report.
• The role of voluntary markets
The document summarizes key issues regarding EPA's Clean Power Plan, which aims to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from power plants by 30% by 2030. It discusses EPA's legal authority to issue the regulations under Section 111(d) of the Clean Air Act. It also outlines the four "building blocks" of the Plan to achieve emissions reductions and reactions to the Plan, including concerns about the interim 2020 targets and infrastructure needs to support increased natural gas and renewable energy.
The document summarizes a press release from the Competitive Enterprise Institute regarding a report by the Environmental Protection Agency on global warming. According to the press release, the EPA report violates an agreement between the White House and CEI to withdraw a lawsuit in which CEI argued the White House relied on discredited science. Specifically, the EPA report cites the discredited National Assessment on Climate Change, despite the White House agreeing to no longer cite its conclusions. CEI believes the EPA is ignoring the agreement and undermining the Bush Administration's policies on global warming.
The document discusses magnetic fields and their properties. It notes that magnetic fields have both magnitude and direction, and can be represented by field lines. It also explains that magnetic fields are produced by both electric currents and magnetic materials, and affect other magnetic materials.
Center on Clean Air Policy- State Roundtable On Global ClimateObama White House
The document summarizes a roundtable discussion organized by the Center for Clean Air Policy to address global climate change at the state level. The roundtable brings together key environmental and energy regulators from 13 states to discuss strategies that provide multiple pollutant benefits and fall under states' authority. Topics covered include energy efficiency, renewable energy programs, transportation planning, and emission reduction goals. The roundtable aims to help states determine appropriate climate policy responses based on their economic and political contexts. It has already led to pilot programs and increased information sharing between states to advance climate policy goals. The organizers propose expanding participation to additional states.
The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) establishes minimum volumes of various types of renewable fuels that suppliers must blend into the United States’ supply of fuel for transportation. Those volumes—as defined by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA)—are intended to grow each year through 2022. In recent years, the requirements of the RFS have been met largely by blending gasoline with ethanol made from cornstarch. In the future, EISA requires the use of increasingly large amounts of “advanced biofuels,” which include diesel made from biomass (such as soybean oil or animal fat), ethanol made from sugarcane, and cellulosic biofuels (made from converting the cellulose in plant materials into fuel).
Policymakers and analysts have raised concerns about the RFS, including whether complying with the standard will be feasible, whether it will increase prices for food and transportation fuels, and whether it will lead to the intended reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Because of those concerns, some policymakers have proposed repealing or revising the Renewable Fuel Standard.
Presentation by Terry Dinan, Senior Adviser in CBO’s Microeconomic Studies Division, and by David Austin and Ron Gecan, who are Principal Analysts in that division.
The document provides an overview of EPA's proposed Clean Power Plan (CPP) under Section 111(d) of the Clean Air Act. Key points:
1) The CPP aims to reduce carbon emissions from existing power plants 30% by 2030 from 2005 levels through four "building blocks" including efficiency improvements, switching to natural gas, renewables, and demand reduction.
2) States must submit plans by 2016 describing how they will meet individualized emission reduction targets using these building blocks. Plans will be evaluated on criteria like enforceability and meeting interim goals.
3) Implementation is uncertain as the final rule is still to come in 2015 and legal challenges are expected from utilities and states over issues like costs,
Mitigation of environmental issues of AviationAkanksha Singh
This document discusses mitigation of environmental impacts from aviation. It begins with an introduction noting that aircraft engines emit noise, gases and particulates which account for 3.5% of total emissions. Several initiatives aim to address environmental concerns, including multilateral agreements through ICAO and the Kyoto Protocol, as well as bilateral agreements between countries. A case study examines a lawsuit related to aircraft noise disturbing property enjoyment. The document concludes with policy recommendations such as improving efficiencies, alternative fuels, route optimization, and emission trading schemes to work towards a greener future for aviation.
The document discusses establishing fuel economy standards and a 5-star labeling program for passenger vehicles in India. It provides context for such a program, including existing energy conservation policies and goals to reduce oil consumption and imports. International fuel labeling programs are reviewed. The significant impact of air conditioning usage on fuel consumption in India is analyzed due to hot weather. Regulations are needed to improve air conditioning efficiency and phase out refrigerants with high global warming potential.
Aviation industry and environmental impactsAMALDASKH
This document discusses the environmental impacts of aviation, including greenhouse gas emissions which are expected to grow substantially by 2050. It outlines the facts on aviation emissions, including that aviation accounts for 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions. The document also discusses IATA's environmental policy goals and initiatives to reduce emissions, including supporting CORSIA and working with airlines on solutions. It summarizes environmental initiatives by Southwest Airlines to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions and waste.
Experience Mazda Zoom Zoom Lifestyle and Culture by Visiting and joining the Official Mazda Community at http://www.MazdaCommunity.org for additional insight into the Zoom Zoom Lifestyle and special offers for Mazda Community Members. If you live in Arizona, check out CardinaleWay Mazda's eCommerce website at http://www.Cardinale-Way-Mazda.com
This document provides an analysis of idling reduction technologies and alternative fuel vehicles for municipal fleets in the City and County of Schenectady, NY. It finds that the police department consumes 65% of the city's unleaded fuel and accounts for 31% of greenhouse gas emissions. Idling police vehicles for 4 hours per day costs an estimated $147,000 annually in fuel costs alone. Idling reduction devices could save over $337,000 annually with payback periods of 16 months or less. Replacing the entire police fleet with electric vehicles could reduce total lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions by 78% compared to gas vehicles. While electric vehicles have lower emissions, return on investment must consider total ownership costs over the vehicle lifetime
POV - Climate change solution for the airline industrySonata Software
The document discusses how the global airline industry is exploring ways to reduce carbon emissions and is vulnerable to climate change regulations. While aviation only accounts for 2-3% of total greenhouse gas emissions, its impact is estimated to be 2-4 times greater due to emissions at high altitudes. The UN has urged international organizations to agree on managing airline emissions. The document outlines strategies airlines could adopt under four pillars: technology, infrastructure, operations, and carbon offset programs. It also discusses the EU's emissions trading scheme and how Sonata can provide IT solutions to help airlines track and report emission data needed to comply with regulations.
Is air quality taken seriously in planning decisions? - Rose GroganIES / IAQM
Air quality issues in planning and development have been brought into focus recently thanks to a number of high profile court cases. This presentation will examine how air quality issues fit into the overall planning system, the legal and policy tests which apply to air quality issues and how air quality issues arise in planning litigation. The presentation will use a number of case studies to identify how planning authorities have approached air quality issues in the planning sphere, and what role the court has to play when decision-making (arguably) goes wrong.
The document discusses the U.S. policy on carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). It outlines three themes of President's Climate Action Plan: mitigation through technologies like CCUS, adaptation and resilience of infrastructure, and international partnerships. It then provides details on challenges like low natural gas prices, upcoming EPA regulations and their compliance timelines, the Clean Air Act Section 111(b) and 111(d), and funding amounts for the DOE's CCUS and power systems research programs.
The U.S. power generation fuel mix continues to shift, driven in part by low natural gas prices, state renewable mandates, tightening environmental regulations, and lower installed costs of some generation technologies such as solar. On June 18, 2014, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued its proposed Clean Power Plan (CPP), a proposed greenhouse gas emissions regulation scheme for existing plants, promulgated under section 111(d) of the Clean Air Act.
In this update, readers will see the latest legal developments and timelines under key EPA- proposed regulations, a brief overview of EPA’s Clean Power Plan and related state emissions reduction goals, and recent developments and open issues.
For more information, please visit www.scottmadden.com.
The report looks at federal, state and local activities to help control air pollution from oil and gas--both drilling and pipelines. Without taking sides, this report provides information on the natural gas industry and the types and sources of air pollutants caused by the industry. The report examines the role of the federal government in regulating these emissions, including provisions in the Clean Air Act and EPA's onerous regulatory activities.
The document discusses how changes in Ontario's electrical sector may impact air quality and human health. Specifically, it analyzes how increasing reliance on coal-fired power plants due to the Nuclear Asset Optimization Plan and the introduction of competition in the electricity market could worsen air pollution issues like acid rain, smog, and global climate change by increasing emissions of pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon dioxide. It recommends regulatory actions like establishing emissions caps and promoting renewable energy to mitigate these potential negative effects.
The document summarizes regulatory and enforcement priorities under the Trump EPA, including returning power to states, focusing on sensible economic growth and reducing regulatory burdens. Key points discussed are the executive orders on regulatory reform, reconsideration of rules like the Clean Power Plan and methane standards, and potential reductions in enforcement activities and penalties. Cooperative federalism with states taking a larger role is emphasized.
Environmental Law for Business Seminar: Status Report on the Call for Action ...This account is closed
Six months following the release of the Environmental Commissioner of Ontario's report Looking for Leadership – The Costs of Climate Inaction, we look at what, if any, changes have occurred since that report. In this presentation, Gowlings and our multi-disciplinary panel address key issues including:
• U.S. federal and state actions in response to climate change
• Highlights from the International Bar Association’s Climate Change Justice and Human Rights Task Force Report.
• The role of voluntary markets
The document summarizes key issues regarding EPA's Clean Power Plan, which aims to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from power plants by 30% by 2030. It discusses EPA's legal authority to issue the regulations under Section 111(d) of the Clean Air Act. It also outlines the four "building blocks" of the Plan to achieve emissions reductions and reactions to the Plan, including concerns about the interim 2020 targets and infrastructure needs to support increased natural gas and renewable energy.
The document summarizes a press release from the Competitive Enterprise Institute regarding a report by the Environmental Protection Agency on global warming. According to the press release, the EPA report violates an agreement between the White House and CEI to withdraw a lawsuit in which CEI argued the White House relied on discredited science. Specifically, the EPA report cites the discredited National Assessment on Climate Change, despite the White House agreeing to no longer cite its conclusions. CEI believes the EPA is ignoring the agreement and undermining the Bush Administration's policies on global warming.
The document discusses magnetic fields and their properties. It notes that magnetic fields have both magnitude and direction, and can be represented by field lines. It also explains that magnetic fields are produced by both electric currents and magnetic materials, and affect other magnetic materials.
Center on Clean Air Policy- State Roundtable On Global ClimateObama White House
The document summarizes a roundtable discussion organized by the Center for Clean Air Policy to address global climate change at the state level. The roundtable brings together key environmental and energy regulators from 13 states to discuss strategies that provide multiple pollutant benefits and fall under states' authority. Topics covered include energy efficiency, renewable energy programs, transportation planning, and emission reduction goals. The roundtable aims to help states determine appropriate climate policy responses based on their economic and political contexts. It has already led to pilot programs and increased information sharing between states to advance climate policy goals. The organizers propose expanding participation to additional states.
The document is a forwarded email from Phil Cooney at the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) regarding a Freedom of Information Act request submitted by Greenpeace about CEQ communications pertaining to the 2002 Climate Action Report. Cooney asks federal agency FOIA officers to contact CEQ's deputy general counsel if they receive a similar request so CEQ can ensure a coordinated response. The request from Greenpeace seeks copies of correspondence, memos, notes and other records regarding CEQ's communications about the 2002 Climate Action Report.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document contains a forwarded email with an attached letter regarding an agriculture climate report. The attachment could not be converted. The forwarded email discusses sending a cover letter for an agriculture assessment report prepared by John Reilly to various individuals. It notes that the report's findings are nationally positive in a net sense, though impacts vary regionally, so developing plans to adapt would seem important, especially for some regions.
The document summarizes the White House Forum on Health Reform held on March 5, 2009 in Washington D.C. It includes introductory remarks from President Barack Obama where he stresses the need for health care reform to lower costs and expand coverage. The forum brought together various stakeholders to discuss solutions. Breakout sessions addressed confronting issues like costs, quality, and expanding coverage. The goal is to enact comprehensive reform by the end of the year through an open and transparent process.
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Obama White House
This document is the table of contents for the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) as amended through May 22, 2008. It lists the 35 sections of FIFRA and provides a brief title for each section, which defines key terms, establishes requirements for pesticide registration, sets standards for pesticide use and labeling, and describes enforcement procedures.
Since taking office, President Obama has taken historic steps to lay the foundation for the innovation economy of the future. The Obama Innovation Strategy builds on well over $100 billion of Recovery Act funds that support innovation, additional support for education, infrastructure and others in the Recovery Act and the President’s Budget, and novel regulatory and executive order initiatives. It seeks to harness the inherent ingenuity of the American people and a dynamic private sector to ensure that the next expansion is more solid, broad-based, and beneficial than previous ones. It focuses on critical areas where sensible, balanced government policies can lay the foundation for innovation that leads to quality jobs and shared prosperity.
The document is an email with numerous recipients containing news clips from June 6, 2002. It includes the full text of several news articles on topics related to EPA and the environment, such as defending wild forests on public lands from new road construction and development. The email acts to disseminate recent environmental news and issues to many EPA employees.
Post- Hague "Kyoto" Strategy for Incoming Admins 2.2.01Obama White House
1) The EU rejected a series of offers from US negotiators at climate talks in The Hague, effectively changing the terms of the Kyoto Protocol without formally proposing amendments;
2) This either indicates the EU's insistence on changing Kyoto without admission, or that there was no true agreement due to diverging understandings of key issues like sinks;
3) The incoming US administration should reaffirm US intentions under Kyoto and principles like no economic harm before further climate negotiations.
The document is an email forwarding a New York Times article about climate change. The email was sent by Dan Reifsnyder of the State Department to several colleagues, and it includes a short note saying "Just saw this on the NYT website. Dan" along with the full text of the NYT article attached. The article discusses how President Bush dismissed a report from his own administration warning that human activities are causing climate change and environmental effects.
This email chain discusses a letter from the White House Counsel's office regarding man-made global warming. Theodore Ullyot agrees to send Phil Cooney a copy of the final signed version of the letter. Cooney asks if anyone knows what letter a Washington Times article is referring to about a US Climate Action Report submitted to the UN. Kameran Onley also asks for a copy of this letter.
This document is a forwarded email regarding a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request from Greenpeace for documents related to the 2002 Climate Action Report. Phil Cooney of the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) informs various agency FOIA officers of the request and asks them to coordinate their responses through CEQ's Deputy General Counsel. The attachment contains contact information for James Mahoney of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, who is asked to advise CEQ of NOAA's response.
The document is an email containing news clips from various publications on topics related to the environment. It includes three attachments: a news clip index, the news clips in HTML format, and a links file for the clips. The email was sent from Janice Sinclair at the EPA to over 30 EPA employees and CC'd to several others, and included news on air quality, climate change, fuels, hazardous waste and other environmental topics from publications like the New York Times, Washington Post, and Wall Street Journal from June 5, 2002.
The document discusses various topics in a disorganized manner without clearly conveying any central ideas or information. It contains symbols, punctuation marks and spacing that do not form coherent sentences or paragraphs. The content is difficult to understand and summarize due to the lack of structure and meaning.
The EPA denied a petition to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles for three reasons: 1) The EPA lacks authority under the Clean Air Act to regulate carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases for climate change purposes; 2) Regulating fuel economy, which impacts vehicle CO2 emissions, is under the authority of the Department of Transportation; and 3) Regulating GHG emissions from vehicles would be inappropriate at this time given uncertainties. The EPA also outlined several voluntary programs to address transportation sector contributions to climate change and noted that the President has pursued an approach emphasizing international cooperation and voluntary reductions in greenhouse gas intensity.
Ford Motor Company submitted comments on the draft U.S. Climate Action Report identifying issues that should be addressed before publication. Suggested revisions included clarifying language on climate change impacts, fuel economy measurements, and greenhouse gas accounting. Ford also noted controversies around projections of climate change impacts used in the report.
EPA denied a petition to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles for three reasons: 1) EPA lacks authority under the Clean Air Act to regulate CO2 emissions for climate change; 2) regulating vehicle fuel economy to reduce CO2 emissions is assigned to DOT by Congress; and 3) regulating GHG emissions now would be premature without more scientific study. The petition was filed in 1999 by environmental groups but EPA is now taking final action to deny it to avoid unnecessary litigation.
The document is an invitation from Thomas R. Kuhn of the Edison Electric Institute to power company CEOs and representatives regarding three voluntary industry initiatives to address climate change: 1) UtiliTree, 2) Coal Combustion Products Project, and 3) a program to restore abandoned mine lands. Kuhn requests the companies' participation and support for the initiatives by September 30th to be ready for potential rollout of new federal partnership programs and to allow inclusion in 2003 budgets. He also provides updates on additional potential initiatives and collaborations between the power sector and government on climate technology research.
This document provides talking points about the EPA denying a petition to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles. The key points are:
1) EPA lacks authority under the Clean Air Act to regulate greenhouse gases for climate change purposes.
2) The only practical way to reduce motor vehicle emissions of CO2 is to regulate fuel economy, which is under the jurisdiction of DOT, not EPA.
3) Regulating greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles would be inappropriate at this time, as it would require the EPA to make judgments without sufficient scientific studies.
Greenhouse Gas Regulations: Advising Clients in an Uncertain Legal EnvironmentDave Scriven-Young
This document summarizes the key developments related to greenhouse gas regulations from 2009-2010 across four fronts: congressional efforts, international efforts, efforts by federal agencies, and court rulings. It discusses major climate change bills considered by Congress, international agreements like the Copenhagen Accord, EPA regulations setting emissions standards and reporting rules, and key court decisions allowing federal common law nuisance claims against greenhouse gas emitters to proceed.
The Edison Electric Institute (EEI) is inviting additional power companies to join two voluntary partnerships - Power Partners and Climate Leaders - to address greenhouse gas emissions. EEI is also requesting participation from companies in three industry initiatives by September 30th: UtiliTree II to plant trees, a Coal Combustion Products Project to reduce emissions, and a program to restore abandoned mine lands. EEI believes these voluntary actions can help reduce greenhouse gas intensity by 18% by 2012 as the Bush Administration has proposed.
Originally Aired: June 28, 2013
Presenters:
David R. Celebrezze, Director of Air & Water Special Projects, Ohio Environmental Council
Shelly Kiser, ALA
Agenda for Part 2
10:30 a.m. -10:40 p.m. Welcome & Introduction (OEC)
10:40 a.m. -11:00 p.m. Air Quality impact on the environment (OEC)
11:00 a.m. -11:45 p.m. Air Quality and the federal government (American Lung Association of the Midland States)
11:45 a.m. -12:15 p.m. What you can do to reduce pollution (OEC)
12:15 p.m. - 12:30 p.m. Q&A
Comments Opposing Tightening Federal Ozone Regulationsartba
The American Road and Transportation Builders Association (ARTBA) submitted comments to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regarding its review of the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for ozone. ARTBA represents 6,000 transportation construction industry members. ARTBA is concerned that tightening ozone standards could result in penalties under the Clean Air Act, including withholding of federal highway funds, for areas not meeting standards. ARTBA urges the EPA to consider air quality improvements already made from existing regulations and initiatives before deciding whether to tighten ozone standards further.
Forecasting Hybrid Aircraft: How Changing Policy is Driving InnovationAndrew Wilhelm
Forecast of hybrid and fully electric aircraft engines. Research relies on regulations set by the International Civil Aviation Organization and the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
EPA Inspector General Report Calling on EPA to Do More About Fugitive MethaneMarcellus Drilling News
A "report" by the Environmental Protection Agency's Inspector General that says the EPA is not doing enough to stop so-called fugitive methane from leaking from pipelines. The IG wants the EPA to use stricter measures and move away from voluntary measures (to forced measures) to reduce methane leakage. All in an attempt to address the issue of mythical global warming.
NATURAL GAS DISTRIBUTION PIPELINES- METHANE EMISSIONS CHALLENGESDr Dev Kambhampati
The EPA has taken limited action to reduce methane emissions from natural gas distribution pipelines. Methane leaks from distribution pipelines accounted for over 13 million metric tons of emissions in 2012 but are not currently regulated by EPA. EPA has a voluntary program called Natural Gas STAR but it has achieved only limited reductions due to financial and policy barriers. EPA needs to work with other agencies, establish emission reduction goals, better track emissions data, and evaluate studies to update its emission factors which are based on outdated data and have high uncertainty. Addressing methane leaks through improved regulation or policies could help reduce climate change impacts.
2012-10-01 Decision - Minnesota Department of Commerce - Division of Energy R...Silicon Energy
The document is a decision from the Minnesota Department of Commerce regarding approval of Northern States Power Company's (Xcel) 2013-2015 Triennial Natural Gas and Electric Conservation Improvement Program. It also addresses alternative conservation program proposals from Minnesota Waste Wise and the Center for Energy and Environment.
The Commissioner approves Xcel's petition with some modifications and approves one of the alternative programs. Xcel's proposed savings goals and budgets meet statutory requirements. The decision also ensures Xcel's program includes adequate low-income initiatives and promotes efficient lighting and lamp recycling as required by law.
Texas has some of the worst air quality in the country due to emissions from oil refineries and vehicles. Two proposed solutions are to enforce clean air laws on refineries like ExxonMobil, which broke laws over 4,000 times, and require vehicles to use after-market emissions devices like the H2Hypod, which converts vehicles into hybrids to reduce emissions by up to 30%. Stricter regulations on refineries and commercial fleets could improve air quality and public health in Texas.
A Fuel Efficiency Horizon for U.S. Automobilesjmdecicco
The document analyzes the potential for improving fuel efficiency in the US automobile fleet through 2035 using evolutionary rather than revolutionary technologies. It finds that a 3x increase in efficiency over 2005 levels, reaching 52 MPG for new vehicles by 2025, can be achieved through widespread adoption of technologies like turbocharged direct injection engines, hybrid systems, and aerodynamic and mass improvements. However, increasing vehicle efficiency is only part of the solution; policies also need to address transportation infrastructure and fuel supply to fully manage emissions. Revolutionary technologies show potential but face higher costs than evolutionary efficiency gains from gasoline and diesel vehicles.
The document provides an overview of EPA's proposed Clean Power Plan (CPP) under Section 111(d) of the Clean Air Act. Key points:
1) The CPP aims to reduce carbon emissions from existing power plants 30% by 2030 from 2005 levels through four "building blocks" including efficiency improvements, switching to natural gas, renewables, and demand reduction.
2) States must submit plans by 2016 describing how they will meet individualized emission rate targets using these tools. Plans will be evaluated on criteria like enforceability and meeting interim goals.
3) Implementation is uncertain as the final rule is still to come in 2015 and legal challenges are expected from utilities and states over issues like costs, authority
IRJET- Vehicular Exhaust Emission Estimation and Control ModellingIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on modeling vehicular exhaust emissions and methods for controlling emissions. It discusses the health and environmental impacts of emissions such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter. Methods for estimating emissions include software models like MOBILE-6 and COPERT 4, which take parameters like vehicle type and speed to calculate emission rates. The document also reviews technologies for reducing emissions, such as three-way catalytic converters. Standards for air pollutants in India are outlined and motivation for studying emission control is discussed.
SA 2015 Transportation Fuel Cell Cost Analysis (Auto and Bus)Brian James
This document summarizes cost analyses for direct hydrogen PEM fuel cell systems for transportation applications. Key points:
- Cost analyses were conducted for both automotive (80 kW) and bus (160 kW) fuel cell power systems to identify cost drivers and track progress towards DOE targets.
- For automotive systems, changes from the 2014 analysis include a new catalyst selection process using dealloyed binary catalysts, updated polarization model, and re-evaluation of system components and manufacturing assumptions at low production volumes.
- The bus power system analysis was also updated, with changes to performance parameters, use of an Eaton-style multi-lobe air compressor, and updates to some balance of plant components.
-
EPA's Final Rule Forcing O&G Drillers to Capture Tiny Amounts of Fugitive Met...Marcellus Drilling News
An onerous and expensive set of rules from a rogue, out-of-control federal bureaucracy--the Environmental Protection Agency--forcing shale drillers to spend huge amounts of money to capture tiny amounts of leaking methane. All in the name of mythical man-made global warming. It is one of Obama's last dirty tricks to attack the fossil fuel industry.
SA 2014 Transportation Cost Analysis Final Report Revision 1- FINALBrian James
This document provides a summary of the 2014 cost analysis for direct hydrogen PEM fuel cell systems for transportation applications. Key changes from the 2013 analysis include an updated polarization model, optimization of stack operating conditions, development of a dealloyed binary catalyst synthesis process, a low-cost Gore MEA manufacturing process, use of an Eaton-style multi-lobe air compressor-expander-motor unit, and extension of the Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis. Manufacturing cost estimates are provided for both an 80 kW automotive fuel cell system projected to cost $43/kW at high volume production of 500,000 units per year, as well as a 160 kW fuel cell bus power system.
White House State of the Union 2016 - Enhanced GraphicsObama White House
On January 12, 2016, President Obama delivered his final State of the Union address to Congress and the nation.
Check out the slides from the enhanced broadcast of his address, featuring charts, graphs, and images that help explain the policies and issues he discussed.
Learn more at WhiteHouse.gov/SOTU.
President Obama penned a letter to Congressman Nadler of New York outlining how the Iran deal is a key piece of our strategy to help our allies in the Middle East counter Iran's destabilizing activities.
This document appears to be notes from a meeting on drought and wildfire between Western governors and White House officials. The agenda includes presentations on drought and wildfires, followed by discussion. The document outlines various federal efforts to address drought, including disaster assistance for workers, water conservation programs, strategic investments, and fire preparedness. It also discusses the impacts of drought on forests and unsustainable increases in wildfire suppression funding.
Everyday acts of kindness and giving back can drive positive change in our nation and address global challenges when people come together through movements like #GivingTuesday. This document encourages supporting neighbors in need through charitable donations and kindness this holiday season to cultivate understanding that we are all part of something greater and can have an impact around the world.
Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865). "Nicolay Copy," Gettysburg Address, 1863. Page 1 and 2. Holograph manuscript. Manuscript Division, Library of Congress. Gift of Hay family, 1916 (2.5). Courtesy of the National Archives and Library of Congress.
Message: Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the White House FellowsObama White House
This is the President's message commemorating the establishment of the White House Fellows, a prestigious program dedicated to giving the nation’s most promising leaders insight into the inner workings of the Federal government. To learn more visit: http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/fellows.
The minimum wage helps support family incomes, reducing inequality and poverty, but as a slide deck from the Council of Economic Advisers shows, as the real value of the minimum wage has been allowed to erode, it has stopped serving this important purpose.
White House State of the Union 2014 Enhanced Graphics PosterObama White House
On January 28, President Obama delivered the 2014 State of the Union Address to Congress and the nation.
Check out the slides from the enhanced broadcast of his address, featuring charts, graphs, and images that help explain the policies and issues he discussed.
White House State of the Union 2014 Enhanced GraphicsObama White House
On January 28, President Obama delivered the 2014 State of the Union Address to Congress and the nation.
Check out the slides from the enhanced broadcast of his address, featuring charts, graphs, and images that help explain the policies and issues he discussed.
See more at WhiteHouse.gov/SOTU.
President Obama's Handwritten Tribute to the Gettysburg AddressObama White House
150 years after President Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address, President Obama penned a handwritten tribute to President Lincoln's historic remarks.
President Obama believes we have a moral obligation to lead the fight against carbon pollution. Share the details of his plan to help make sure people in your community get the facts.
The document outlines the President's plan to reduce the deficit by more than $4 trillion total through 2023. It details that over $2.5 trillion in deficit reduction has already been signed into law. This includes $1.4 trillion in spending cuts and more than $600 billion in new tax revenue from the wealthy. The President has also offered Speaker Boehner an additional $1.5 trillion in deficit reduction, including $930 billion in spending cuts to defense, health care, and entitlement programs, as well as $580 billion from limiting tax deductions for the wealthy.
Now Is the Time: President Obama's Plan to Reduce Gun ViolenceObama White House
The President’s plan to protect our children and our communities by reducing gun violence.
Learn More: http://www.whitehouse.gov/issues/preventing-gun-violence
The document discusses President Obama's proposal to extend middle-class tax cuts. It proposes extending tax cuts for families making under $250,000 per year. This would benefit 114 million middle-class families. Failing to extend the cuts would increase taxes by an average of $1,600 for each of these families. The plan aims to reduce the federal deficit by $1.16 trillion over 10 years by not extending high-income tax cuts for those making over $250,000 annually.
The Obama Administration recognizes that the interconnected challenges in high-poverty neighborhoods require interconnected solutions. The Neighborhood Revitalization Initiative is a community-based approach to help neighborhoods in distress transform themselves into neighborhoods of opportunity.
13062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
Essential Tools for Modern PR Business .pptxPragencyuk
Discover the essential tools and strategies for modern PR business success. Learn how to craft compelling news releases, leverage press release sites and news wires, stay updated with PR news, and integrate effective PR practices to enhance your brand's visibility and credibility. Elevate your PR efforts with our comprehensive guide.
Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
Youngest c m in India- Pema Khandu BiographyVoterMood
Pema Khandu, born on August 21, 1979, is an Indian politician and the Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh. He is the son of former Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh, Dorjee Khandu. Pema Khandu assumed office as the Chief Minister in July 2016, making him one of the youngest Chief Ministers in India at that time.
1. A , 33Page Ilofl14
RECORD TYPE: FEDERAL (NOTES MAIL)
CREATOR:Khary I. Cauthen ( CN=Khary I Cauthen/OU=CEQ/O=EOP@Exchange [ CEQ I
CREATION DATE/TIME:28-AUG-2003 15:16: 8.00
SUBJECT: : co2 talking points sent by pa
TO:mformica~uschamber.com @ mnet ( mf rmica~uschamber.com @ mnet [ UNKNOWN
READ:UNKNOWN
TEXT:
…-----------Forwarded by Kiary I. Cauthen/CEQ/EOP on 08/28/2003
03:13 PM…-- - - - - -- - - - - - -
Notice of Denial of the Petition for ]PA to Regulate
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions from M tor Vehicles
8/2 8/03
Action: EPA today (August 28, 2003) signed a notice denying a
petition to regulate greenhouse gas e issions from motor vehicles. The
Agency is denying the petition to regilate greenhouse gas emissions from
motor vehicles for three reasons:
1) EPA lacks aut ority under the Clean Air Act to
regulate C02 and other greenhouse gas s for climate change purposes;
2) The only prac ical way to reduce motor vehicle
emissions of C02 is to regulate fuel ?conomy, which is a task that
Congress has already assigned to DOT; and
3) EPA believes :hat regulating greenhouse gas
emissions from motor vehicles would b~ inappropriate at this time.
(See additional point3 below related to the reasons.)
In February 2002, President Bush anno nced an aggressive approach to
addressing climate change that encour ges substantial voluntary reductions
in GHG intensity and pursues fuel ecolomy improvements:
< ~ This approach sets a iational goal of reducing the GHG
intensity of the U.S. economy by 18 p rcent over the next ten years. This
strategy sets the U.S. on a path to s ow the growth of GHG emissions and,
as the science justifies, to stop and then reverse that growth.
< ~In taking prudent environmental action at home and
abroad, the U.S. is advancing a reali tic and effective long-term
approach, rather than adopting costly short-term measures whose benefit is
uncertain.
< ~ This policy supports 7ital climate change research, and
lays the groundwork for future action by investing in science, technology,
and institutions.
< ~In addition, the Pres dent=s policy emphasizes
international cooperation and promotes working with other nations to
develop an efficient and coordinated response to global climate change.
file://D:133_fjyyomiOO3_ceq.txt 4/1/2004
2. Page 2 of 14
< ~ EPA is building effic~ent and effective market-driven
programs that address the transportation sector=s contribution to climate
change. These programs include Climate Leaders, Energy Star, Smartway and
Best Workplaces for Commuters.
< I~n February 2 02, EPA launched Climate Leaders, a
voluntary industry- government partne ship under which companies work with
EPA to evaluate their GHG emissions, set aggressive reduction goals, and
report their progress toward meeting those goals. To date, more than 40
companies from almost all the most en rgy-intensive industry sectors have
joined.
< ~ EPA=s Energy Star is a voluntary labeling program
that provides critical information to businesses and consumers about the
energy efficiency of the products the~ purchase. Reductions in GHG
emissions from Energy Star purchases were equivalent to removing 10
million cars from the road last year.
< ~The Smartway transport partnership works with the
trucking and railroad industry to achieve cleaner and more efficient
vehicles and locomotives by adopting pollution control and energy saving
technologies. Smartway partners will develop and deploy
fuel-efficient technologies and practices to achieve substantial fuel
savings and emission reductions. Idling strategies alone have the
potential to save 1 billion gallons ol diesel fuel per year, while
reducing greenhouse gases by 2.5 MMTC1 and NOx by 200,000 tons.
< ~ Best Workplace for Commuters offers innovative
solutions to commuting in order to re uce vehicle trips and miles
traveled. We expect that 3.7 million employees will be covered by this
program in 2005.
< ~ EPA will also play a leadership role in advancing fuel
cell vehicle and hydrogen fuel techno ogies and policies to support the
U.S. environmental, energy and nation 1 security goals.
Additional talking points relating to (1), (2) and (3) above:
<No CAA provision spec fically authorizes climate change
regulation. A few sections mention c imate change, but these are limited
to non-regulatory measures.
<Congress has taken up the issue of climate change
numerous times over the past few year , but has not enacted legislation
that gives EPA authority to regulate HG emissions for climate change
purposes.
<Regulation of C02 and other GH~s for climate change
purposes would have enormous economic practical, and societal
implications, which certainly were no~ envisioned when the CAA was enacted
and amended.
<Under these circumsta ces, it would be inappropriate for
EPA to search for authority to regula e in an existing statute that was
not specifically designed or enacted :o deal with the climate change
issue.
< ~[In case questions cone up concerning the ACannon Memo@)
in determining that the CAA does not authorize regulation to address
file:/JD:133_f_yyomi003_.ceq.txt 1/5/2004
3. Page 3 of 14
climate change, EPA adopted the conclusion reached by its current General
Counsel in a legal opinion reviewing relevant legal authorities and
withdrawing the opinion and statements of two former EPA General Counsels
who served in the prior Administration.
<Congress entrusted regulation of motor vehicle fuel
economy to DOT, not EPA. C02 emission standards set by EPA under the CAA
would effectively supplant fuel econoy standards set by DOT under the
Energy Policy Act, because the only practical way of reducing vehicle C02
emissions is to increase fuel economy.
< ~Establishing GHO emission standards for motor vehicles at
this time would be premature,-because it would require EPA to make
scientific and technical judgments without the benefit of the studies
being developed to reduce uncertainties and advance technologies.
< ~Establishing regulations now would result in an
inefficient, piecemeal approach to addressing the climate change issue,
because motor vehicles are only one of many categories of GHO emission
sources.
< ~Unilateral EPA regulation of motor vehicle GHG emissions
could also hamper U.S. efforts to persuade key developing countries to
reduce the GHG intensity of their economies.
Background of the Petition:
$ The petition was filec by the International Center for
Technology Assessment and 18 other technology, citizen and environmental
advocacy groups October 20, 1999.
$ The petition asserted that EPA is obligated to regulate
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from m tor vehicles under Section 202(a) (1)
of the Clean Air Act.
$ Section 202(a) (1) pro ides that Athe Administrator [of
EPA] shall by regulation prescribe ... in accordance with the provisions
of [section 202], standards applicable to the emission of any air
pollutant from any class or. classes of new motor vehicle . .. , which in his
judgment cause, or contribute to, air pollution which may reasonably be
anticipated to endanger public health or weltfare.@
$ Petitioners claim that EPA has a mandatory duty to
regulate GHG emissions from motor vehicles under Section 202 because EPA
has already determined that:
$ C02 and other GHGs are air pollutants under the
Clean Air Act; and
$ GHG emissions from motor vehicles contribute to
pollution that may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health or
welfare.
To the contrary, EPA has not made findings that trigger a
mandatory duty under the CAA, even as uming the CAA authorized regulation
to address climate change.
$ ICTA and two other orcanizations (Sierra Club and
Greenpeace) have filed a lawsuit in t e U.S. District Court for DC seeking
to compel EPA to respond to the petit-on. Rather than engage in needless
and unproductive litigation, EPA has (ecided to take final action on the
petition at this time.
file://D:133_f_yyomi003sceq.txt 1/5/2004
15. * em~~~AS
1en4
Notice of Denial of the Petition for EPA to Regulate
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions from Motor Vehicles
/28/03
Action: EPA today (August 28, 2003) signed a notice denying a petition to regulate
greenhouse gas emissions fror motor vehicles. The Agency is denying the petition
to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles for three reasons:
1) EPA lacks authority uer the Clean Air Act to regulate C02 and other
greenhouse gases for climate change purposes;
2) The only practical way to reduce motor vehicle emissions Of CO 2 is to
regulate fuel economy, which is a task that Congress has already assigned
to DOT; and
3) EPA believes that reguating greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles
would be inappropriate at this time.
(See additional points below r -lated to the reasons.)
addressing climate
In February 2002, President Bush announ ed an aggressive approach to
and pursues fuel
change that encourages substantial volunt ry reductions in GHG intensity
economy improvements:
This approach sets a national loal of reducing the GHG intensity of the U.S.
a
economy by 18 percent over the next ten years. This strategy sets the U.S. on
and
path to slow the growth of GI G emissions and, as the science justifies, to stop
then reverse that growth.
a
In taking, prudent environmental action at home and abroad, the U.S. is advancing
realistic and effective long-tem approach, rather than adopting costly short-term
measures whose benefit is un ertain.
This policy supports vital cli ate change research, and lays the groundwork for
future action by investing in science, technology, and institutions.
In addition, the President's p licy emphasizes international cooperation and
promotes working with other nations to develop an efficient and coordinated
response to global climate change.
the
EPA is building efficient and effective market-driven programs that address
transportation sector's contri uton to climate change. These programs include
Climate Leaders, Energy Sta., Smartway and Best Workplaces for Commuters.
In February 2002, EF A launched Climate Leaders, a voluntary industry-
=d3at 1 G3 4
16. evaluate
government partnership under which companies work with EPA to
their
their GHG emissions, st aggressive reduction goals, and report
progress toward mneetin those goals. To date, more than 40 companies
from almost all the most energy-intensive industry sectors have joined.
critical
EPA's Energy Star is a voluntary labeling program that provides
information to business s and consumers about the energy efficiency of the
Star
products they purchase Reductions in GUG emissions from Energy
last
purchases were equival -nt to removing 10 million cars from the road
year.
The Smartway transpol partnership works with the trucking and railroad
by
industry to achieve cle ner and more efficient vehicles and locomotives
adopting pollution con ro and energy saving technologies. Smartway
partners will develop ad deploy fuel-efficient technologies and practices
to achieve substantial f el savings and emission reductions. Idling
fuiel per
strategies alone have t e potential to save 1 billion gallons of diesel
year, while reducing geenhouse gases by 2.5 MMTCE and NOx by
200,000 tons.
in
Best Workplace for Cc niniuters offers innovative solutions to commuting
million
order to reduce vehicle trips and miles traveled. We expect that 3.7
employees will be coy red by this program in 2005.
and hydrogen
EPA will also play a leadership role in advancing fuel cell vehicle
energy and
fuel technologies and policies to support the U.S. environmental,
national security goals.
Additional talking points relating to (1), ( ) and (3) above:
A few
No CAA provision specifically authorizes climate change regulation.
measures.
sections mention climate cha ge, but these are limited to non-regulatory
over the past
Congress has taken up the iss ae of climate change numerous times
few years, but has not enacted legislation that gives EPA authority to regulate GHG
emissions for climate change purposes.
would have
Regulation of C02 and other GHGs for climate change purposes
enormous economic, practice I, and societal implications, which certainly were not
envisioned when the CAA w is enacted and amended.
search for
Under these circumstances, i 'would be inappropriate for EPA to
designed or
authority to regulate in an existing statute that was not specifically
enacted to deal with the climate change issue.
Cd31F 2 as 4
17. [In case questions come up c ncerning the "Cannon Memo"] In determining
adopted
that the CAA does not authorie regulation to address climate change, EPA
the conclusion reached by its cirrent General Counsel in a legal opinio reviewing
two former
relevant legal authorities and withdrawing the opinion and statements of
EPA General Counsels who se ved in the prior Administration..
EPA.
Congress entrusted regulation )f motor vehicle fuel economy to DOT, not
fuel
C02 emission standards set b~EPA under the CAA would effectively supplant
economy standards set by DO" under the Energy Policy Act, because the only
practical way of reducing vehi le C02 emissions is to increase fuel economy.
be
Establishing GHG emission st mdards for motor vehicles at this time would
premature, because it would rc quire EPA to make scientific and technical
judgments without the benefit ofthe studies being developed to reduce
uncertainties and advance tec nologies.
to
Establishing regulations now, ould result in an inefficient, piecemeal approach
of many
addressing the climate change issue, because motor vehicles are only one
categories of GHG emission s urces.
Unilateral EPA regulation of motor vehicle GUG emissions could also hamper
U.S.
of their
efforts to persuade key devel ping countries to reduce the GHG intensity
economies.
Background of the Petition:
and
The petition was filed by the .ntemational Center for Technology Assessment
20, 1999.
18 other technology, citizen ad environmental advocacy groups October
* The petition asserted that EPA is obligated to regulate greenhouse gas (GHG)
Act.
emissions from motor vehicle s under Section 202(a)(1) of the Clean Air
* Section 202(a)(1) provides that "the Administrator [of EPA] shall by regulation
applicable
prescribe ... in accordance wit the provisions of [section 202], standards
to the emission of any air pollutant from any class or classes of new motor vehicle
...which in his judgment cause, or contribute to, air pollution which may
reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health or welfare."
from
* Petitioners claim that EPA h sa mandatory duty to regulate GHG emissions
that:
motor vehicles under Section 202 because EPA has already determined
* C02 and other GHGE are air pollutants under the Clean Air Act; and
* GHG emissions fror motor vehicles contribute to pollution that may
t~e3 cr3 4
18. reasonably be anticipat d to endanger public health or welfare.
the
To the contrary, EPA has not ad findings that trigger a mandatory duty under
CAA, even assuming the CA authorized regulation to address climate change.
ICTA and two other organizat ons (Sierra Club and Greenpeace) have filed a
to the
lawsuit in the U.S. District Co rtfor DC seeking to compel EPA to respond
petition. Rather than engage i ineedless and unproductive litigation, EPA has
decided to take final action on the petition at this time.
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