Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts to speed up biochemical reactions in living organisms. They have several key properties: - Enzymes allow reactions to occur more quickly and efficiently in the body, facilitating processes like digestion, cell function, and disease detection. - Each enzyme catalyzes a specific reaction and works best under certain temperature and pH conditions. Too much or too little of an enzyme can impact health. - Thousands of enzymes exist, including amylase, lipase, DNA polymerase, and more that aid functions from breaking down food to cell growth to nerve signals.

2. Enzymes
• Enzymes are proteins that help speed up chemical reactions in our bodies. Enzymes are essential for
digestion, liver function and much more.
• Too much or too little of a certain enzyme can cause health problems.
• Enzymes in our blood can also help healthcare providers check for injuries and diseases.
• They build some substances and break others down.
• All living things have enzymes.
• Our bodies naturally produce enzymes. But enzymes are also in manufactured products and food.
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/21532-enzymes

4. Enzymes Functions
• Enzymes can be found all around us. They exist in all forms of lives, including human, plants,
bacteria, and other organisms.
• Any living organism needs enzymes to function properly.
• Chemically, enzymes are naturally occurred proteins, basic function of which is to speed up the process
and efficiency of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.
• In another word, an enzyme is a protein-based catalyst. Enzymes catalyze all kinds of chemical
reactions that are involved in growth, blood coagulation, healing, diseases, breathing, digestion,
reproduction, and many other biological activities.
• On biological aspects, enzymes are instrumental substances to many functions in living organisms.
https://www.creative-enzymes.com/resource/enzymes-functions_2.html

5. What do enzymes do?
One of the most important roles of enzymes is to aid in digestion. Digestion is the process of turning the food we
eat into energy. For example, there are enzymes in our saliva, pancreas, intestines and stomach. They break
down fats, proteins and carbohydrates. Enzymes use these nutrients for growth and cell repair.
Enzymes also help with:
• Breathing
• Building muscle
• Nerve function
• Ridding our bodies of toxins
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/21532-enzymes

6. What are the different types of enzymes?
There are thousands of individual enzymes in the body. Each type of enzyme only has one job. For example,
the enzyme sucrase breaks down a sugar called sucrose. Lactase breaks down lactose, a kind of sugar found in
milk products.
Some of the most common digestive enzymes are:
• Carbohydrase breaks down carbohydrates into sugars.
• Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids.
• Protease breaks down protein into amino acids.
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/21532-enzymes

7. Examples of specific enzymes
• Thousands of enzymes in the human body exist to perform around 5,000 different functions. A few examples
include:
• Lipases: This group of enzymes help digest fats in the gut.
• Amylase: In the saliva, amylase helps change starches into sugars.
• Maltase: This also occurs in the saliva, and breaks the sugar maltose into glucose.
• Trypsin: These enzymes break proteins down into amino acids in the small intestine.
• Lactase: Lactase breaks lactose, the sugar in milk, into glucose and galactose.
• Acetylcholinesterase: These enzymes break down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in nerves and muscles.
• Helicase: Helicase enzymes unravel DNA.
• DNA polymerase: These enzymes synthesize DNA from deoxyribonucleotides.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319704#exampl
es

8. How do temperature and pH affect enzymes?
Enzymes need the right conditions to work. If conditions aren’t right, enzymes can change shape. Then, they no
longer fit with substrates, so they don’t work correctly.
Each enzyme has an ideal temperature and pH:
• pH: Enzymes are sensitive to acidity and alkalinity. They don’t work properly if an environment is too acidic
or basic. For example, an enzyme in the stomach called pepsin breaks down proteins. If your stomach doesn’t
have enough acid, pepsin can’t function optimally.
• Different enzymes tolerate different levels of acidity. For instance, enzymes in the intestines work best at
around 8 pH, whereas enzymes in the stomach work best at about pH 1.5 because the stomach is much more
acidic.
• Temperature: Enzymes work best when your body temperature is normal, about 98.6°F (37°C). As
temperature increases, enzyme reactions increase. But if the temperature gets too high, the enzyme stops
working. That’s why a high fever can disrupt bodily functions.
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/21532-enzymes

9. What are the benefits and benefits of enzymes
There are about the benefits of moderate enzyme supplementation on the human body, especially the
digestive function:
1. Help Food Breakdown
2. Help digestion and absorption
3. Decomposition of body waste
4. Energy Conversion
5. to promote metabolism
6. Improve constipation trouble
7. Maintaining immune function
8. Catalyzed Physiological Reaction
9. Promote cell regeneration
10. Improve inflammation response
https://dietarysupplementproducts.com/what-are-different-types-of-enzymes/

10. Properties Of Enzymes Can Be Classified Into:
1. Physical properties
2. Chemical Properties
3. General properties
https://infinitabiotech.com/blog/properties-of-enzymes/

11. Physical Properties of Enzymes
• Physically enzymes behave as colloids or as substance of high molecular weight.
• Enzymes are destroyed or inactivated at temperature below the boiling point of water.
• At 60 degrees Celsius most enzymes in liquid medium are inactivated.
• Dried enzymes extract can endure temperature 100 degree Celsius to 120 degrees Celsius or even
higher.
• There is always a specific temperature of optimum activity of every enzyme, which usually ranges from
25 degrees Celsius to 45 degrees Celsius. Enzymatic action is highest at 37 degrees Celsius and enzymes
become inactive when temperature rises above 60 degrees Celsius.
https://infinitabiotech.com/blog/properties-of-enzymes/

12. Chemical Properties Of Enzymes
• Catalytic properties: Enzymes are biological catalyst. The small quantity of enzymes catalyses the larger
quantities of substances. It means, enzymes have high capability to convert giant quantities of substrate into
product.
• Specificity of enzyme: Enzymes are highly specific in nature, i.e., a particular enzyme can catalyse a
particular reaction. For example, Enzyme sucrase can catalyse only hydrolysis of sucrose.
https://infinitabiotech.com/blog/properties-of-enzymes/

13. General Properties Of Enzymes
• Enzymes initiate and accelerate the rate of biochemical reaction.
• The activity of enzymes depends upon the acidity of medium (pH specific). Each catalyst is most active at a
specific pH. For example, pH 2 for pepsin, pH 8.5 for trypsin. Most intracellular enzymes function at near
neutral pH.
• Enzymes can accelerate the reaction in either direction.
• Enzymes are very unstable compounds mostly soluble in water, dilute glycerol, NaCl and dilute alcohol.
• Enzymes act actively at optimum temperature.
• All enzymes are protein in nature but all proteins may not be an enzyme.
• Enzymes lower the energy of activation of the substance molecule so the biochemical reaction can take place
at normal body temperature which is 37 degrees Celsius.
https://infinitabiotech.com/blog/properties-of-enzymes/