This document discusses environmental sustainability and its importance. It notes that industrialization and human greed have led to massive pollution, loss of biodiversity, and deforestation through activities like logging that have destroyed forests. Environmental sustainability involves protecting environmental resources for future generations through policies that reduce biodiversity loss and reverse the depletion of resources. Key sectors discussed include agriculture, energy, transport, and water, and ways to achieve sustainability in each like efficient irrigation, shifting to renewable energy, promoting public transport, and conserving water usage.

1. Environmental Sustainability
This is a really important topic to discuss in this difficult era where natural and anthropogenic
activities urging Environment towards deterioration, like massive destruction of Amazon rain
forest in California and Brazilian forest due to forest fire caused by logging, that’s not only effect
our water system (changing in weather pattern that you may experience in recent time) but also
brutally effect biodiversity which is a main concern of any biome. So it’s really important to
understand what is environment, why it is important to understand it and what is environmental
sustainability.
Environment:
A basic definition of environment that everyone can understand is “Everything that surrounds us
is our environment’’ every living and non living thing that present around us is our environment
(biotic and abiotic factors) like air, water, land, trees, birds, animals, furniture, houses, like every
little thing which we can count. There are many scientific definitions of environment which is
not important to understand for common people. This massive destruction starts after
industrialization. Industrialization leads to urbanization which increases human greed of getting
all the resources in just a glance to become more rich and powerful while neglecting its effects
on air, water, land and mainly on biodiversity. The greed gifted us massive pollution, loss of
biodiversity and deforestation. Industrial processes increase amount of pollution in all
compartments of environment. Burning of fossil fuel for energy purposes is a major cause of air
pollution while industrial effluent deteriorate the fresh water bodies when dumped into it, on the
other hand it cause land pollution by accumulating heavy metals into the soil when dump into
land. There are some scientific ways to dump that effluent but no method is 100 percent efficient.
This massive pollution not only effect animals but also human themselves like minamata disease
in china, a large ratio of diarrhea patients in Sialkot. Air pollution in Lahore and Karachi in 2019
(massive air pollution recorded in the history of Pakistan). This destruction increases day by day
not only in Pakistan but globally. Climate Change is the major cause of air pollution. So the time
comes to think about the environment not just for ourselves but also for future generation.
Because our selfishness depletes natural resources. Climate is changing, earth is burning, water is
depleting, food is scaring. This is a recall for ourselves. Time to sustain our environment.

2. Environmental sustainability
Environmental sustainability is a sustainable interaction between environment its resources and
human. Basically it is concerned with protection and availability of environmental resources for
future generation. It is linked with environmental management and sustainable development. But
the question is how we achieve environmental sustainability. The answer is quiet simple and not
that difficult to implement. By integrating the principle of environmental sustainability into the
country’s policy and reducing the overall loss of biodiversity and by reversing the loss of
environmental resources. Go to zero waste and Green policies. Green water, Green transport,
Green energy, Green buildings, which means try to impose zero to minimal pollution in all these
sectors.
Environmental sustainability in different sectors:
Agriculture:
Pakistan is known for his agriculture. So it is important to first look at this sector. This sector
needs most of the fresh water than any other sector. As water become scares resource and we
don’t have enough fresh water bodies like dams so there is immense need to sustain this sector.
We can sustain this sector by making efficient water policies and good decision making.
Efficient use of water recourses by using different irrigation techniques like drip irrigation,
point irrigation, sprinkle irrigation, furrow irrigation and other techniques like that. Efficient use
of land and crop rotation.
Energy:
Fossil fuel was abundant and renewable recourse in past but as the time goes and human abduct
this recourse, this become scarce. This is a major cause of air pollution. NOx and SOx are the
main gasses released as the result of its combustion. This fuel is used in industries as source of
energy and in transport sector. We can sustain this sector by shifting our energy recourse from
fossil fuel that become nonrenewable and most polluted to renewable and less polluted recourses
like solar energy (solar panel) wind energy (wind turbines) etc.
Transport:

3. Due to urbanization and modern life style everyone wants to use their own conveyance instead of
public transportation. That’s not only burden on petroleum products but also impose air
pollution. To sustain this sector first there is a need to change personal attitude. Try to use public
transport. Shift to less polluted recourses like bio fuel and natural gas. In recent times some
people/researchers successfully shift their fuel system to solar energy and water.
Water:
Water is not a scare recourse. I mean the overall water on the earth is not scare not their ratio.
The amount of drinkable water means fresh water is scare but the overall amount of fresh and
gray water is not. By doing personal practices like saving of water in domestic uses, like in
washing, cooking, bathing, we can save a large amount of water. Awareness, good decision
making and effective water policies also impose positive effect. Construction of dams and other
water bodies help to produce and protect this blessing not just for ourselves but also for future
generation which is a key of environmental sustainability.