The document provides an overview of environmental pollution, detailing air, water, and land pollution, including their causes, effects, and prevention measures. Air pollution results from natural and human activities, impacting health and the environment, while water pollution is caused by industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and inadequate sewage treatment, also harming ecosystems and human health. Land pollution arises from waste, chemicals, and hazardous materials, affecting soil and health, and requires measures like recycling and public awareness for mitigation.

1. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
AND MANAGEMENT

3. Module 1: Environmental Pollution
1. Air Pollution: Causes, Effects, and Measures
2. Water Pollution: Causes, Effects, and Measures
3. Land Pollution: Causes, Effects, and Measures

4. MODULE 1: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
CHAPTER 1.
AIR POLLUTION: CAUSES, EFFECTS, AND MEASURES
What is Air?
• Air a mixture of different gases.
• The air in Earth’s atmosphere is
made up of approximately 78 percent
nitrogen and 21 percent oxygen.
• Air also has small amounts of other
gases too, such as carbon dioxide,
neon, and hydrogen.

5. CAUSES
 occurs when the air contains gases,
dust, fumes or odor in harmful
amounts.
 it is when concentrated gases exceed
safe limits.

6. CAUSES
• Natural Sources
e.g. smoke that comes from
wildfires, volcanoes, methane, dust
• Human Sources
e.g. power plants and automobiles,
fumes, burning wood stoves,
fireplaces, and heater

7. TYPES OF AIR POLLUTION
• Outdoor Air Pollution
oSmog
oParticulates
oAcid Rain
oGreenhouse Gases
• Indoor Air Pollution

9. EFFECTS
• Human Effects
e.g. diseases
• Environmental Effects
 Acid rain
 Wildlife
 Ozone Depletion
 Crop and forest damage
 Global Climate Change

30. MEASURES

31. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
• Air pollution has
long been a serious
problem in the
world.
• Without air, Earth
would be unable to
sustain life.
• Spread the Word.

32. 2. WATER POLLUTION:
CAUSES, EFFECTS, AND MEASURES
Module 1: Environmental Pollution

33. WATER POLLUTION
• Water pollution occurs when harmful substances—often
chemicals or microorganisms—contaminate a stream,
river, lake, ocean or other body of water, degrading water
quality and making it toxic to humans or the environment.
• affects ecosystems, human health, and economies
worldwide.
• The earth has more than two-thirds of its surface covered
with water.
• over 1 octillion litres (1,260,000,000,000,000,000,000 litres) of
water distributed in the oceans, rivers, lakes and streams.
• however, less than 0.3% is accessible for human
consumption.
• commercialization and industrialization, inefficient and
outdated practices, lack of awareness and other
circumstances have led to water pollution.

34. CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION
1.Industrial Waste: Factories and plants
discharge pollutants, including heavy
metals, chemicals, and toxic
substances, into water bodies.
2.Agricultural Runoff: Pesticides,
fertilizers, and animal waste from
farms wash into rivers, lakes, and
oceans.
3.Sewage and Wastewater: Untreated
or inadequately treated sewage from
households and industries
contaminates water sources.
4.Oil Spills: Accidental releases of
petroleum during transportation or
drilling operations.
5.Plastic and Garbage Dumping:
Improper disposal of plastic and other
waste materials.
6.Mining Activities: Runoff from mining
operations containing harmful
chemicals

36. EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION
1.Ecosystem Damage: every life suffers due to toxic
substances, leading to disrupted food chains and loss
of biodiversity.
2.Human Health Issues: Consuming contaminated water
can lead to diseases such as cholera, diarrhea, and
even cancer.
3.Economic Loss: Tourism, fishing, and other water-based
industries suffer due to polluted water bodies.
4.Water Scarcity: Pollution reduces the availability of
clean drinking water.

38. Measures to Control Water Pollution:
1.Waste Treatment: Implementing advanced treatment
facilities to ensure that industrial and household waste is
properly treated before discharge.
2.Regulations and Policies: Enforcing stricter environmental
laws and regulations to control pollutant discharge.
3.Sustainable Farming: Promoting the use of organic farming
practices and reducing the use of harmful chemicals.
4.Public Awareness and Education: Educating people about
the impact of water pollution and encouraging responsible
waste disposal.
5.Cleanup Initiatives: Organizing cleanup campaigns to
remove pollutants from water bodies.
6.Innovation and Technology: Investing in new technologies
for pollution control and water purification.

40. SAVE WATER SAVE LIFE

41. 3. LAND POLLUTION: CAUSES,
EFFECTS, AND MEASURES
Module 1: Environmental Pollution

42. Land Pollution

43. What is Land Pollution?
Land pollution is the
contamination or destruction
of the earth's land, both
above and below ground
level, by solid or liquid waste
materials.
It can be caused by a variety
of human activities.
affects the soil on the Earth.
affects the health of humans,
animals, and plants.
can contaminate the air and
water.

44. How's Land Pollution caused?
Littering: Throwing away trash, wrappers, and other items in public spaces
Waste from construction and demolition: Including wood, metal, concrete
Hazardous waste: Including radioactive waste, and substances generated by
chemical manufacturing, petroleum refineries, and other industries
Sewage disposal: Contaminated wastewater from septic tanks and other
subsurface sewage disposal systems
Industrial activities: Including oil extraction and mining, which can produce
harmful concentrations of natural radioactive elements
Agricultural chemicals: Chemicals like nitrogen used on farms can end up in
water, which can harm fish and other life forms
Lack of recycling which leads to filling up landfills.
Chemical plants and coal-fired power plants cause land pollution.
Acid rain and trash that washes ashore from boats and sewage outlets.
Disposing resources too quickly.

46. Causes of land pollution.....
people have no time or
patience to recycle and
use organic products.
People argue that
preventing this issue is
too expensive,
impossible, and
unimportant.
Land pollution has
already escalated to a
point where it can’t
be helped by human
beings.

47. How does land pollution affect us?
Land pollution pollutes the
environment and our ecosystems.
Land pollution can change the
natural composition of soil and
groundwater, and can create
secondary pollutants. It can also
make land unusable or difficult to
treat.
It causes health problems like birth
defects, cancer, and respiratory
problems.
It can harm wildlife like plants and
animals.

48. What if land pollution isn't fixed?
Land will become unreliable for
life and our agriculture.
Land pollution becomes
hazardous to our health.
Landfills and waste dumps
increase in size. Which takes up
a lot of land and space from
wildlife and humans.

49. Measure :
How do we stop land pollution?
Using the 3 R’s:
Reduce, Re-use, and Recycle.
Recycle and dispose of
trash correctly.
Help clean up the
environment by cleaning
parks and roads.
Recycle so that the items
you recycle can be used
into bridges, cars and
benches.

50. How else can we help stop land
pollution?
Try using products that don’t have a lot of
packaging to throw away.
Buy items that are sold in reusable containers
and buy biodegradable products.
prevent and control any future land pollution.

51. Module 1: Environmental Pollution
Q1. Explain different types of pollution.
Q2.What is Air Pollution?:Explain different Causes,
Effects, and Measures.
Q3. What is Water Pollution? Explain Causes,
Effects, and Measures.
Q4. What is Land Pollution? Explain Causes,
Effects, and Measures.