The document discusses the composition and environmental effects of ozone, highlighting its role in absorbing harmful UV radiation and the dangers posed by ozone-depleting substances (ODS). It outlines health risks linked to ozone depletion, such as skin cancer and immune system suppression, and emphasizes the importance of actions individuals can take, like proper maintenance of cooling systems and sun protection. Additionally, it addresses the formation of ground-level ozone and smog, providing recommendations for reducing emissions and promoting energy conservation.

1. EGEE 102 – Energy Conservation
And Environmental Protection
Ozone and Environment

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Ozone
• O3
• a gas composed of three atoms of
oxygen
• bluish gas that is harmful to breathe
• Nearly 90% of the Earth's ozone is in the
stratosphere and is referred to as the
ozone layer
• Ozone absorbs a band of ultraviolet
radiation called UVB

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5. EGEE 102 - Pisupati 5

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Ozone-Depleting
Substance(s) (ODS):
• CFCs,
• HCFCs,
• halons,
• methyl bromide,
• carbon tetrachloride, and
• methyl chloroform.

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Various sources

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Effects of OLD
• -- Skin Cancer (melanoma and
nonmelanoma)
-- Premature aging of the skin and
other skin problems
-- Cataracts and other eye damage
-- Immune system suppression

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The Antarctic Ozone
Hole
• The ozone hole is
defined as the area
having less than
220 dobson units
(DU) of ozone in the
overhead column
(i.e., between the
ground and space).
Source: http://jwocky.gsfc.nasa.gov/multi/recent_ozone91200.gif

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http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/stratosphere/sbuv2to/ozone_hole_plot.gif

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Actions
• http://www.epa.gov/ozone/title6/
phaseout/22phaseout.html

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What can we do?
• Make sure that technicians working on
your car air conditioner, home air
conditioner, or refrigerator are certified
by an EPA approved program to recover
the refrigerant (this is required by law).
• Have your car and home air conditioner
units and refrigerator checked for leaks.
When possible, repair leaky air
conditioning units before refilling them.

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What can we do?
• Contact local authorities to properly dispose
of refrigeration or air conditioning equipment.
• Protect yourself against sunburn. Minimize
sun exposure during midday hours (10 am to
4 pm). Wear sunglasses, a hat with a wide
brim, and protective clothing with a tight
weave. Use a broad spectrum sunscreen with
a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 15
and 30 is better.

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Ground level Ozone
Formation
• Secondary Pollutant
• VOCs+ NOx  Ozone
• In presence of sunlight
• Ozone + NOX + HCs  Smog (haze)

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Photochemical Smog
NO
CO, RH
NO2
CO
HC
O3
CO
PAN
Haze
6:00AM 12NOON 3:00 PM

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Smog Sources
Source: http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/regusmog/smog.html

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Sources of Volatile
Organic Carbons

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Sources of NOx

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What can We do?
• Keep your automobile well tuned and
maintained.
• Carpool, use mass transit, walk, bicycle,
and/or reduce driving, especially on hot
summer days.
• Be careful not to spill gasoline when filling up
your car or gasoline-powered lawn and garden
equipment. During the summer, fill your gas
tank during the cooler evening hours.

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What can we do?
• Make sure your car's tires are properly
inflated and your wheels are aligned.
• Participate in your local utility's energy
conservation programs.
• Seal containers of household cleaners,
workshop chemicals and solvents, and
garden chemicals to prevent VOC from
evaporating into the air. Dispose of them
properly.