This document discusses the environmental problem, its causes, and solutions. It argues that the root cause of the environmental crisis is not production, technology, or exploiting natural resources, but rather the materialistic Western culture that views the world through a lens of self-interest and separation of religion from life. This culture promotes excessive consumption, prioritizes economic growth over environmental protection, and fails to consider mankind's spiritual needs. True solutions must address these underlying ideological issues through an Islamic framework that balances benefitting from nature with responsibility towards preservation.
This document discusses different types of pollution including air, water, noise, land, and radioactive pollution. It provides definitions and overviews of each type of pollution, describes their causes and effects, and gives recommendations for prevention. The types of pollution covered are air pollution from industries and vehicles, water pollution from industrial and sewage waste, noise pollution from traffic, construction and airports, land pollution from mining, garbage and industrial waste, and radioactive pollution from nuclear power plants and waste. The document aims to educate about various forms of pollution and their impacts.
The document is a letter from the Huldah Ministry discussing warnings from scientists about the increasing threat of climate change and nuclear war pushing the Doomsday Clock closer to midnight. The letter summarizes the scientists' concerns about insufficient efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and nuclear stockpiles. However, the letter argues that while environmental stewardship is important, the Bible does not impose responsibility on humanity to save the planet. It asserts that God is sovereign over the earth and will sustain it until He replaces it with the new heavens and earth. The letter encourages having faith in God's promises rather than fearing predictions of catastrophe.
The document is a letter from the Huldah Ministry discussing warnings from scientists about the increasing threat of climate change and nuclear war pushing the Doomsday Clock closer to midnight. The letter summarizes the scientists' concerns about insufficient efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and nuclear stockpiles. However, the letter argues that while environmental stewardship is important, the Bible does not impose responsibility on humanity to save the planet. It asserts that God is sovereign over the earth and will sustain it until He replaces it with the new heavens and earth. The letter encourages having faith in God's promises rather than fearing predictions of catastrophe.
Islamic declaration on global climate changeEdy San
1. The document is an Islamic declaration on global climate change that affirms Allah (God) created the universe and earth in perfect balance and equilibrium.
2. It acknowledges that while climate change has occurred naturally in the past, the current rapid pace of change is human-caused and threatens lives and ecosystems.
3. The declaration warns that unchecked climate change could pass tipping points of 1.5-2°C temperature rise, exposing millions more to extreme weather and states efforts to address it through climate negotiations have been too slow.
Mariwan hama saeed international approaches against global warmingMariwan Hama Said
This document discusses international approaches to addressing global warming. It outlines agreements made at Rio de Janeiro in 1992, Kyoto in 1997, and COP21 in Paris in 2015 to establish frameworks and commitments around reducing carbon emissions and mitigating climate change. The conclusions emphasize that while agreements are important, real action and solutions will require global cooperation to respect the planet and work towards a healthy environment for future generations.
The World in Context: Beyond the Business Case for Sustainable Development is an essay by Jonathon Porritt, Co-Director of hrh The Prince of Wales’s Business & the Environment Programme (bep), Co-Founder and Programme Director of
Forum for the Future and Chairman of the uk Sustainable Development Commission. From the Business & Environment programme. University of Cambridge
This paper introduces the subject of Islam and the Environment through four areas: First, it discusses the Islamic view of the environment. Second, it asks what the relationship between man and the environment is. Third, it discusses human corruption and how it is linked to environmental pollution. Fourth and last, this paper shows how human purification can help address the environmental crisis.
This document discusses different types of pollution including air, water, noise, land, and radioactive pollution. It provides definitions and overviews of each type of pollution, describes their causes and effects, and gives recommendations for prevention. The types of pollution covered are air pollution from industries and vehicles, water pollution from industrial and sewage waste, noise pollution from traffic, construction and airports, land pollution from mining, garbage and industrial waste, and radioactive pollution from nuclear power plants and waste. The document aims to educate about various forms of pollution and their impacts.
The document is a letter from the Huldah Ministry discussing warnings from scientists about the increasing threat of climate change and nuclear war pushing the Doomsday Clock closer to midnight. The letter summarizes the scientists' concerns about insufficient efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and nuclear stockpiles. However, the letter argues that while environmental stewardship is important, the Bible does not impose responsibility on humanity to save the planet. It asserts that God is sovereign over the earth and will sustain it until He replaces it with the new heavens and earth. The letter encourages having faith in God's promises rather than fearing predictions of catastrophe.
The document is a letter from the Huldah Ministry discussing warnings from scientists about the increasing threat of climate change and nuclear war pushing the Doomsday Clock closer to midnight. The letter summarizes the scientists' concerns about insufficient efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and nuclear stockpiles. However, the letter argues that while environmental stewardship is important, the Bible does not impose responsibility on humanity to save the planet. It asserts that God is sovereign over the earth and will sustain it until He replaces it with the new heavens and earth. The letter encourages having faith in God's promises rather than fearing predictions of catastrophe.
Islamic declaration on global climate changeEdy San
1. The document is an Islamic declaration on global climate change that affirms Allah (God) created the universe and earth in perfect balance and equilibrium.
2. It acknowledges that while climate change has occurred naturally in the past, the current rapid pace of change is human-caused and threatens lives and ecosystems.
3. The declaration warns that unchecked climate change could pass tipping points of 1.5-2°C temperature rise, exposing millions more to extreme weather and states efforts to address it through climate negotiations have been too slow.
Mariwan hama saeed international approaches against global warmingMariwan Hama Said
This document discusses international approaches to addressing global warming. It outlines agreements made at Rio de Janeiro in 1992, Kyoto in 1997, and COP21 in Paris in 2015 to establish frameworks and commitments around reducing carbon emissions and mitigating climate change. The conclusions emphasize that while agreements are important, real action and solutions will require global cooperation to respect the planet and work towards a healthy environment for future generations.
The World in Context: Beyond the Business Case for Sustainable Development is an essay by Jonathon Porritt, Co-Director of hrh The Prince of Wales’s Business & the Environment Programme (bep), Co-Founder and Programme Director of
Forum for the Future and Chairman of the uk Sustainable Development Commission. From the Business & Environment programme. University of Cambridge
This paper introduces the subject of Islam and the Environment through four areas: First, it discusses the Islamic view of the environment. Second, it asks what the relationship between man and the environment is. Third, it discusses human corruption and how it is linked to environmental pollution. Fourth and last, this paper shows how human purification can help address the environmental crisis.
This document discusses climate variability and change. It notes that climate has always been changing and that ancient civilizations adapted to climate conditions through accumulated knowledge, allowing many to prosper. However, climate changes also contributed to the decline of some ancient civilizations. The document emphasizes that understanding how the climate system works and adapting to its changing nature is important for human welfare and survival.
The document summarizes the Stockholm Declaration of 1972, which was the first major UN conference focused on environmental issues. Some key points:
- Sweden proposed the conference in 1967 to discuss growing environmental problems amid the Cold War.
- The Declaration established 26 principles for international cooperation on the environment, including that all people have a fundamental right to a healthy environment.
- It launched a new era of global environmental cooperation and treaty-making, and helped establish the UN Environment Programme.
- Over 100 countries and many NGOs participated, agreeing on principles around sustainable development, conservation, and preventing transboundary pollution.
The magazine article focuses on the kind of relationship Man should have with the environment. Many of the destructions to flora and fauna happen due to Man's negligence.
The document summarizes the principles of The Earth Charter, which calls for promoting sustainable development, addressing climate change, adopting sustainable consumption patterns, and protecting biodiversity. It urges encouraging cooperation among peoples and nations. The Earth Charter was launched in 2000 after an 8-year participatory process and is supported by leaders like Mikhail Gorbachev and Wangari Maathai. It provides principles to build a just and sustainable global society.
History of environmental planning and management since mid 20th centuryGeofrey Yator
Environmental planning and management began in the mid-20th century due to increasing environmental degradation from industrialization and population growth. Several major pollution events in the 1940s-1960s caused health issues and brought environmental problems into focus. In 1972 the UN held its first global environmental convention, outlining 26 principles including that humans impact and rely on the environment, and international cooperation is needed to protect the environment for human well-being. Numerous national environmental laws were subsequently passed through the 1970s-1990s to regulate air, water, and hazardous waste pollution.
This document discusses the relationship between humans and their environment. It defines the environment as the natural world that supports human life, including biotic factors like other organisms and abiotic factors like climate. The Earth's biosphere provides resources and conditions necessary to sustain life. However, human activities like pollution, deforestation, and unsustainable resource extraction have negatively impacted the environment. If these practices are not addressed, they could undermine the stability of the global ecosystem and human well-being. International agreements like the 1992 UN Earth Summit aimed to promote more sustainable stewardship of the planet and its resources to ensure long-term environmental health and human progress.
Contributions of the Environmental Non Governmental Organisations and interna...IJEAB
This document discusses the contributions of environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and international law on climate change. It finds that NGOs have played an important role in raising awareness about climate change and participating in international negotiations. Key NGOs mentioned are Friends of the Earth, Greenpeace, World Wildlife Fund, and Sierra Club. The document outlines international agreements on climate change, including the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992 and the Kyoto Protocol in 1997. It examines how NGOs have cooperated with states and worked to educate citizens and policymakers on climate issues to influence international law and policies around climate change.
The document discusses the relationship between William Wordsworth and his sister Dorothy Wordsworth based on Dorothy's Grasmere Journals and William's poem "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud". It argues that William was influenced by Dorothy's journals in writing the poem, as they both experienced seeing daffodils in the same way, though Dorothy expressed it through writing and William through poetry. It also discusses how Dorothy's journals showed her using reflection and solitary moments to process her thoughts and feelings.
EFOW Brief Remarks : Beyond COP28, Halfway 2030 and on Our Way to 2024_ (Dra...Energy for One World
The document provides an overview of key issues discussed at COP28 in Dubai including:
1. COP28 resulted in the historic agreement to transition away from fossil fuels, but some criticize that the actions agreed to are too little, too late.
2. Reactions to the COP28 outcome were mixed, with some like The Elders welcoming the signal to end the fossil fuel era, while others like Power Shift Africa saying the transition is not adequately funded or fair.
3. The COP28 president, who is also the CEO of Abu Dhabi's state oil company, said he will continue record investment in oil and gas production despite coordinating the global deal to transition away from fossil fuels.
Discurso da presidenta Dilma na abertura da 70ª Assembleia-Geral da ONU (Vers...Palácio do Planalto
Íntegra do discurso proferido pela presidenta Dilma Rousseff, na segunda-feira (28/9), durante a abertura da 70ª Sessão da Assembleia das Nações Unidas, em Nova York.
Saiba mais: http://blog.planalto.gov.br/
Assignment 1 Social Impact of Population GrowthThe United Natio.docxdeanmtaylor1545
Assignment 1: Social Impact of Population Growth
The United Nations has hired you to be a consultant on global issues. One of the challenges is assessing the impact of population growth. There is no question that the world population will grow dramatically in the next decade throughout many countries of the world. The members of the UN are working to understand the impact that population growth has on society, specifically in developing countries. Your first project with the UN is to develop a whitepaper on three issues related to the population growth faced by one of these countries. Read the Case Study and provide an assessment based on the questions below.
(For a brief list of resources for this assignment, please see the end of the course guide.)
II. Overview
Ourobsession with continual economic growth deters us from studying the role that an expanding population plays in global warming.[1]
About 3 billion years ago, the Earth suffered through a mass extinction caused by catastrophic volcanic activity in Siberia and wildfires that covered the entire planet. Since then, four more extinctions have eradicated up to 80% of all species each time. The world’s climatologists and scientists overwhelmingly agree that we are now on the verge of a sixth mass event that, over the next few tens of thousands of years, will wipe out nearly all living species on Earth — including humankind.
This is not the stuff of science fiction or speculation, but rather the studied view of the people who are most qualified to make this kind of assessment. As anthropologist Richard Leaky, author of The Sixth Extinction,[2] wrote in 1995, “Homo sapiens might not only be the agent of the sixth extinction, but also risks being one of its victims.”
This brings us to two issues worthy of reflection:
Does the rate at which people are reproducing need to be controlled to save the environment?
To what extent does human population growth impact global warming... and what can be done about it?[3]
The answer to the first is quite simply “yes,” but the solution to the second is more problematic. The damage humans are doing to their climate is ruining the atmosphere surrounding their planet. At the rate this damage is increasing, at some point in the future there will be no atmosphere left to protect life on Earth from the sun’s ultraviolet radiation. Compared to other planets in our solar system, Earth has mild temperatures, thanks largely to the protective gases of its atmosphere.
However, since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution (around 1775), those gases have become stuck in the atmosphere, causing heat radiating from the sun to reflect back to Earth (rather than exiting to space). The result is that oceans have become warmer and glaciers are melting, including parts of Antarctica. If we think of that continent as the stopper in a bottle, its melting away will release all the water it is holding back. This will raise sea levels to uncontrollable le.
A Tradução na Era da Economia Verde
Marsel de Souza
Mesclando uma perspectiva histórica a uma perspectiva linguística, esta palestra abordará o surgimento e a evolução do conceito de Desenvolvimento Sustentável até chegar à recentíssima noção de “Economia Verde”, ressaltando a crescente indissociabilidade entre as dimensões ambiental, econômica e social, que são consideradas os três pilares da sustentabilidade. A apresentação fará, também, uma importante distinção entre as noções de “Economia Verde” e “Nova Economia”. Será discutida a problemática da “maquiagem verde” e o que isso representa para o nosso ofício. A palestra tem os seguintes objetivos: examinar vários conceitos da área de meio ambiente e sustentabilidade (alguns dos quais recém-criados), inclusive fazendo uma análise contrastiva de algumas definições de Desenvolvimento Sustentável e de Economia Verde; identificar o potencial de demanda dos mercados de tradução e interpretação que a temática do meio ambiente/sustentabilidade vem gerando no país, sobretudo considerando a posição de liderança e destaque do Brasil em diversas frentes nesse domínio; examinar a interconexão entre os aspectos ambientais, econômicos e sociais dos temas. Nesse contexto de multidisciplinaridade e tendo em vista a crescente importância desses conceitos em escala mundial, a palestra terá, também, o objetivo de responder às seguintes perguntas: Que passos deve dar o tradutor ou intérprete que deseje se especializar em áreas de meio ambiente/sustentabilidade? O que os linguistas especializados em outras áreas precisam saber sobre essas questões? O palestrante oferecerá uma rica lista de fontes de pesquisa terminológica na Internet das áreas citadas, inclusive glossários e tratados internacionais multilíngues.
Islam prophet muhammad pioneer of the green movementArab Muslim
This document discusses the concept of environment and conservation from an Islamic perspective. It argues that Islam encourages Muslims to care for the environment and avoid wastefulness based on Quranic verses and sayings of Prophet Muhammad. The environment is defined broadly as the medium in which humans live, including the earth and wider universe. The earth's environment is maintained in a delicate balance, and humans have a responsibility as stewards to preserve resources and not disrupt this equilibrium.
The document provides tips for how women can look stylish during winter while still staying warm. It recommends opting for long-sleeved dresses instead of sleeveless options. Layering is also suggested, such as wearing tights under dresses or skirts. Boots are presented as a must-have winter item that can elevate any outfit. The tips aim to show that women don't need to sacrifice style for comfort during cold weather.
The document summarizes the key events and outcomes of the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm, Sweden, also known as the Stockholm Conference. The conference resulted in the Stockholm Declaration and Action Plan for the Human Environment. It established the United Nations Environment Programme and marked the beginning of global cooperation on environmental issues. The conference highlighted the link between economic growth, pollution, and human well-being.
This document discusses the relationship between Islam and economics. It argues that many Muslims see economics as disconnected from their faith or as a "necessary evil". However, the document claims that an appeal to the Quran shows why business and economics are vital to an Islamic understanding of the world. It cites verses noting that God created humanity to work productively and take part in developing the world. The document concludes that economics can help fulfill God's mandate by studying how societies can best organize productive activity mentioned in the Quran.
Climate change, leadership challenges and food security inAlexander Decker
This document discusses climate change, leadership challenges, and food security in Nigeria from a historical perspective. It defines key concepts like climate change, greenhouse effect, and gas flaring. It notes that climate change is affecting agriculture worldwide and that in Nigeria, early warning signs were neglected due to corruption, threatening not just food security but human existence. While other countries invested to minimize impacts, Nigeria was unprepared. The document examines how environmental mismanagement and climate change impact food security in Nigeria, putting many livelihoods at risk through effects on farming, fishing, water resources and health.
Climate change, leadership challenges and food security inAlexander Decker
This document discusses climate change, leadership challenges, and food security in Nigeria from a historical perspective. It defines key concepts like climate change, greenhouse effect, and gas flaring. It notes that climate change is affecting agriculture worldwide and that in Nigeria, early warning signs were neglected due to corruption, threatening not just food security but human existence. While other countries invested in controls, Nigeria was unprepared. The document examines how environmental mismanagement and climate change impact food security in Nigeria, putting many livelihoods at risk, and argues leadership has failed to adequately address these issues.
All Muslims are required to start Ramadan and celebrate Eid on the same day, regardless of where in the world they live. This is based on verses from the Quran and hadiths from the Prophet Muhammad which state that Muslims must fast when the new moon is sighted and break their fast when the next new moon is sighted. Even if the new moon is sighted in one Muslim country or region, all Muslims worldwide must follow the same calendar and fast or celebrate on the same day. If a Muslim does not find out about the moon sighting until later, they must make up any missed fasts after Eid.
The document discusses education in the Muslim world historically and presently. It notes that historically, under the Khilafah, the Muslim world excelled in education and made major scientific contributions. Formal education began with the establishment of madrassas and universities like Al-Azhar. However, in the modern era Western powers undermined Islamic education to promote their own culture and values, contributing to the decline of the Muslim world. Currently, education in Muslim countries remains poor, not serving to develop the ummah. The document argues for an Islamic education system under the Khilafah to preserve Islamic culture and develop the ummah.
More Related Content
Similar to the environmental problem its causes and islam's solution
This document discusses climate variability and change. It notes that climate has always been changing and that ancient civilizations adapted to climate conditions through accumulated knowledge, allowing many to prosper. However, climate changes also contributed to the decline of some ancient civilizations. The document emphasizes that understanding how the climate system works and adapting to its changing nature is important for human welfare and survival.
The document summarizes the Stockholm Declaration of 1972, which was the first major UN conference focused on environmental issues. Some key points:
- Sweden proposed the conference in 1967 to discuss growing environmental problems amid the Cold War.
- The Declaration established 26 principles for international cooperation on the environment, including that all people have a fundamental right to a healthy environment.
- It launched a new era of global environmental cooperation and treaty-making, and helped establish the UN Environment Programme.
- Over 100 countries and many NGOs participated, agreeing on principles around sustainable development, conservation, and preventing transboundary pollution.
The magazine article focuses on the kind of relationship Man should have with the environment. Many of the destructions to flora and fauna happen due to Man's negligence.
The document summarizes the principles of The Earth Charter, which calls for promoting sustainable development, addressing climate change, adopting sustainable consumption patterns, and protecting biodiversity. It urges encouraging cooperation among peoples and nations. The Earth Charter was launched in 2000 after an 8-year participatory process and is supported by leaders like Mikhail Gorbachev and Wangari Maathai. It provides principles to build a just and sustainable global society.
History of environmental planning and management since mid 20th centuryGeofrey Yator
Environmental planning and management began in the mid-20th century due to increasing environmental degradation from industrialization and population growth. Several major pollution events in the 1940s-1960s caused health issues and brought environmental problems into focus. In 1972 the UN held its first global environmental convention, outlining 26 principles including that humans impact and rely on the environment, and international cooperation is needed to protect the environment for human well-being. Numerous national environmental laws were subsequently passed through the 1970s-1990s to regulate air, water, and hazardous waste pollution.
This document discusses the relationship between humans and their environment. It defines the environment as the natural world that supports human life, including biotic factors like other organisms and abiotic factors like climate. The Earth's biosphere provides resources and conditions necessary to sustain life. However, human activities like pollution, deforestation, and unsustainable resource extraction have negatively impacted the environment. If these practices are not addressed, they could undermine the stability of the global ecosystem and human well-being. International agreements like the 1992 UN Earth Summit aimed to promote more sustainable stewardship of the planet and its resources to ensure long-term environmental health and human progress.
Contributions of the Environmental Non Governmental Organisations and interna...IJEAB
This document discusses the contributions of environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and international law on climate change. It finds that NGOs have played an important role in raising awareness about climate change and participating in international negotiations. Key NGOs mentioned are Friends of the Earth, Greenpeace, World Wildlife Fund, and Sierra Club. The document outlines international agreements on climate change, including the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992 and the Kyoto Protocol in 1997. It examines how NGOs have cooperated with states and worked to educate citizens and policymakers on climate issues to influence international law and policies around climate change.
The document discusses the relationship between William Wordsworth and his sister Dorothy Wordsworth based on Dorothy's Grasmere Journals and William's poem "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud". It argues that William was influenced by Dorothy's journals in writing the poem, as they both experienced seeing daffodils in the same way, though Dorothy expressed it through writing and William through poetry. It also discusses how Dorothy's journals showed her using reflection and solitary moments to process her thoughts and feelings.
EFOW Brief Remarks : Beyond COP28, Halfway 2030 and on Our Way to 2024_ (Dra...Energy for One World
The document provides an overview of key issues discussed at COP28 in Dubai including:
1. COP28 resulted in the historic agreement to transition away from fossil fuels, but some criticize that the actions agreed to are too little, too late.
2. Reactions to the COP28 outcome were mixed, with some like The Elders welcoming the signal to end the fossil fuel era, while others like Power Shift Africa saying the transition is not adequately funded or fair.
3. The COP28 president, who is also the CEO of Abu Dhabi's state oil company, said he will continue record investment in oil and gas production despite coordinating the global deal to transition away from fossil fuels.
Discurso da presidenta Dilma na abertura da 70ª Assembleia-Geral da ONU (Vers...Palácio do Planalto
Íntegra do discurso proferido pela presidenta Dilma Rousseff, na segunda-feira (28/9), durante a abertura da 70ª Sessão da Assembleia das Nações Unidas, em Nova York.
Saiba mais: http://blog.planalto.gov.br/
Assignment 1 Social Impact of Population GrowthThe United Natio.docxdeanmtaylor1545
Assignment 1: Social Impact of Population Growth
The United Nations has hired you to be a consultant on global issues. One of the challenges is assessing the impact of population growth. There is no question that the world population will grow dramatically in the next decade throughout many countries of the world. The members of the UN are working to understand the impact that population growth has on society, specifically in developing countries. Your first project with the UN is to develop a whitepaper on three issues related to the population growth faced by one of these countries. Read the Case Study and provide an assessment based on the questions below.
(For a brief list of resources for this assignment, please see the end of the course guide.)
II. Overview
Ourobsession with continual economic growth deters us from studying the role that an expanding population plays in global warming.[1]
About 3 billion years ago, the Earth suffered through a mass extinction caused by catastrophic volcanic activity in Siberia and wildfires that covered the entire planet. Since then, four more extinctions have eradicated up to 80% of all species each time. The world’s climatologists and scientists overwhelmingly agree that we are now on the verge of a sixth mass event that, over the next few tens of thousands of years, will wipe out nearly all living species on Earth — including humankind.
This is not the stuff of science fiction or speculation, but rather the studied view of the people who are most qualified to make this kind of assessment. As anthropologist Richard Leaky, author of The Sixth Extinction,[2] wrote in 1995, “Homo sapiens might not only be the agent of the sixth extinction, but also risks being one of its victims.”
This brings us to two issues worthy of reflection:
Does the rate at which people are reproducing need to be controlled to save the environment?
To what extent does human population growth impact global warming... and what can be done about it?[3]
The answer to the first is quite simply “yes,” but the solution to the second is more problematic. The damage humans are doing to their climate is ruining the atmosphere surrounding their planet. At the rate this damage is increasing, at some point in the future there will be no atmosphere left to protect life on Earth from the sun’s ultraviolet radiation. Compared to other planets in our solar system, Earth has mild temperatures, thanks largely to the protective gases of its atmosphere.
However, since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution (around 1775), those gases have become stuck in the atmosphere, causing heat radiating from the sun to reflect back to Earth (rather than exiting to space). The result is that oceans have become warmer and glaciers are melting, including parts of Antarctica. If we think of that continent as the stopper in a bottle, its melting away will release all the water it is holding back. This will raise sea levels to uncontrollable le.
A Tradução na Era da Economia Verde
Marsel de Souza
Mesclando uma perspectiva histórica a uma perspectiva linguística, esta palestra abordará o surgimento e a evolução do conceito de Desenvolvimento Sustentável até chegar à recentíssima noção de “Economia Verde”, ressaltando a crescente indissociabilidade entre as dimensões ambiental, econômica e social, que são consideradas os três pilares da sustentabilidade. A apresentação fará, também, uma importante distinção entre as noções de “Economia Verde” e “Nova Economia”. Será discutida a problemática da “maquiagem verde” e o que isso representa para o nosso ofício. A palestra tem os seguintes objetivos: examinar vários conceitos da área de meio ambiente e sustentabilidade (alguns dos quais recém-criados), inclusive fazendo uma análise contrastiva de algumas definições de Desenvolvimento Sustentável e de Economia Verde; identificar o potencial de demanda dos mercados de tradução e interpretação que a temática do meio ambiente/sustentabilidade vem gerando no país, sobretudo considerando a posição de liderança e destaque do Brasil em diversas frentes nesse domínio; examinar a interconexão entre os aspectos ambientais, econômicos e sociais dos temas. Nesse contexto de multidisciplinaridade e tendo em vista a crescente importância desses conceitos em escala mundial, a palestra terá, também, o objetivo de responder às seguintes perguntas: Que passos deve dar o tradutor ou intérprete que deseje se especializar em áreas de meio ambiente/sustentabilidade? O que os linguistas especializados em outras áreas precisam saber sobre essas questões? O palestrante oferecerá uma rica lista de fontes de pesquisa terminológica na Internet das áreas citadas, inclusive glossários e tratados internacionais multilíngues.
Islam prophet muhammad pioneer of the green movementArab Muslim
This document discusses the concept of environment and conservation from an Islamic perspective. It argues that Islam encourages Muslims to care for the environment and avoid wastefulness based on Quranic verses and sayings of Prophet Muhammad. The environment is defined broadly as the medium in which humans live, including the earth and wider universe. The earth's environment is maintained in a delicate balance, and humans have a responsibility as stewards to preserve resources and not disrupt this equilibrium.
The document provides tips for how women can look stylish during winter while still staying warm. It recommends opting for long-sleeved dresses instead of sleeveless options. Layering is also suggested, such as wearing tights under dresses or skirts. Boots are presented as a must-have winter item that can elevate any outfit. The tips aim to show that women don't need to sacrifice style for comfort during cold weather.
The document summarizes the key events and outcomes of the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm, Sweden, also known as the Stockholm Conference. The conference resulted in the Stockholm Declaration and Action Plan for the Human Environment. It established the United Nations Environment Programme and marked the beginning of global cooperation on environmental issues. The conference highlighted the link between economic growth, pollution, and human well-being.
This document discusses the relationship between Islam and economics. It argues that many Muslims see economics as disconnected from their faith or as a "necessary evil". However, the document claims that an appeal to the Quran shows why business and economics are vital to an Islamic understanding of the world. It cites verses noting that God created humanity to work productively and take part in developing the world. The document concludes that economics can help fulfill God's mandate by studying how societies can best organize productive activity mentioned in the Quran.
Climate change, leadership challenges and food security inAlexander Decker
This document discusses climate change, leadership challenges, and food security in Nigeria from a historical perspective. It defines key concepts like climate change, greenhouse effect, and gas flaring. It notes that climate change is affecting agriculture worldwide and that in Nigeria, early warning signs were neglected due to corruption, threatening not just food security but human existence. While other countries invested to minimize impacts, Nigeria was unprepared. The document examines how environmental mismanagement and climate change impact food security in Nigeria, putting many livelihoods at risk through effects on farming, fishing, water resources and health.
Climate change, leadership challenges and food security inAlexander Decker
This document discusses climate change, leadership challenges, and food security in Nigeria from a historical perspective. It defines key concepts like climate change, greenhouse effect, and gas flaring. It notes that climate change is affecting agriculture worldwide and that in Nigeria, early warning signs were neglected due to corruption, threatening not just food security but human existence. While other countries invested in controls, Nigeria was unprepared. The document examines how environmental mismanagement and climate change impact food security in Nigeria, putting many livelihoods at risk, and argues leadership has failed to adequately address these issues.
Similar to the environmental problem its causes and islam's solution (20)
All Muslims are required to start Ramadan and celebrate Eid on the same day, regardless of where in the world they live. This is based on verses from the Quran and hadiths from the Prophet Muhammad which state that Muslims must fast when the new moon is sighted and break their fast when the next new moon is sighted. Even if the new moon is sighted in one Muslim country or region, all Muslims worldwide must follow the same calendar and fast or celebrate on the same day. If a Muslim does not find out about the moon sighting until later, they must make up any missed fasts after Eid.
The document discusses education in the Muslim world historically and presently. It notes that historically, under the Khilafah, the Muslim world excelled in education and made major scientific contributions. Formal education began with the establishment of madrassas and universities like Al-Azhar. However, in the modern era Western powers undermined Islamic education to promote their own culture and values, contributing to the decline of the Muslim world. Currently, education in Muslim countries remains poor, not serving to develop the ummah. The document argues for an Islamic education system under the Khilafah to preserve Islamic culture and develop the ummah.
The document provides rational arguments for the existence of God as the creator. It argues that everything in the universe is finite and limited, needing sustenance to exist, so must have been created by something unlimited. It also argues that scientific methods cannot prove or disprove God's existence, as God is not physical or testable. The document concludes that through rational thought, the only solution is that an infinite, eternal creator brought the dependent, finite universe into being.
The document criticizes the West, particularly Europe and America, for their continued disrespect and defamation of Islam through publications, cartoons, and videos insulting Islamic figures as well as the mistreatment of Muslims. It argues that under the guise of freedom of expression, Western governments routinely allow insults against Islam while censoring any criticism of Western values. Muslims see the West as hypocritical for claiming to support tolerance while sanctioning Islamophobic works and failing to protect Muslims from harassment, torture, and killing.
The document discusses the decline of US global dominance over the past 50 years. It argues that the US is no longer the world's leading economic, political, or social power and is no longer viewed as a model by other countries. The long wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have damaged America's image and role in the world. Going forward, the US faces significant challenges in maintaining its global position and influence.
The document discusses the history and current state of global energy production and use. It outlines how coal and oil fueled the Industrial Revolution and led to widespread electrification. It then explains the process of energy generation from source fuels to electricity production and transmission. The document concludes by noting challenges like depletion of oil reserves and pollution, and explores potential future energy sources and geopolitical competition over remaining resources.
This document provides an overview of a report by Hizb ut-Tahrir Britain that challenges common narratives around radicalization, extremism, and Islamism. The report seeks to dispel myths that Islamic political ideas inherently cause violence or that calls to reestablish the Caliphate would require violent means. It argues that politicians have constructed the "War on Terror" to pursue economic and political interests in the Muslim world with little regard for consequences. The report aims to counter negative portrayals of Islam and present Islam's political ideas as a legitimate alternative for Muslim societies.
The Khaleefah's authority comes from the pledge of allegiance (bay'ah) of the Muslim public. To rule, the Khaleefah must fulfill mandatory conditions like being Muslim, male, just, and competent. The bay'ah contract binds the Khaleefah to rule by Shariah and the public to obey the Khaleefah. The Khaleefah can be removed if he violates the conditions. Historically, the bay'ah process determined how each new Khaleefah assumed power. In modern times, the most appropriate method is through elections where Muslims vote to select the Khaleefah from candidates shortlisted by an elected council. Unlike democratic systems, the Khaleefah
The document discusses the process for appointing a Khaleefah (leader) in Islam according to the Quran and hadiths. It states that the Messenger of Allah (saw) provided clear guidance on appointing successors after his death through the process of Bay'ah (pledge of allegiance). The Bay'ah involves Muslims choosing a leader and giving him their pledge, transferring political authority. It refutes claims that Islam provides no process, citing hadiths where the Prophet (saw) instructs Muslims to fulfill the Bay'ah. The document then explores the evidence for Bay'ah in the Quran and hadiths, who can give Bay'ah, the terms and process of Bay'ah
The document outlines the West's battle for hearts and minds among Muslims globally in order to counter the appeal of Islamic governance and challenge the dominance of capitalism. It discusses how the West views the reestablishment of the Khilafah as a threat and is actively working to discredit it. Part of this effort includes funding various programs, media, and think tanks promoting "reform" and "moderation" in Islam as an alternative to more strict interpretations gaining popularity. The US in particular has approved secret strategies like "Muslim World Outreach" to indirectly influence the direction of Islam through allied Muslim nations and groups.
The document discusses the economic development of nations and how industrialization transformed the global economy. It notes that historically, economies were based around agriculture but the industrial revolution led to manufacturing becoming central to economic success. A nation with an independent manufacturing base can produce its own goods, machines and technologies without relying on others. While many economies have moved away from industry to services in recent decades, industrialization remains important for economic independence and strength. The document aims to assess the current status and potential for industrialization in the Muslim world.
This document summarizes the opening address given at a global economic conference held by Hizb ut-Tahrir in Khartoum, Sudan in 2009. The address critiques the failed responses to the global financial crisis by capitalist nations and economists. It argues they only addressed surface-level symptoms and not the underlying flaws of capitalism. The address also argues mainstream economists ignore the viable alternative of Islam's economic system, which provided economic prosperity and security for centuries without crises. The opening call was for examining the real causes of periodic crises under capitalism and considering the superior system of Islamic economics.
The passage discusses the view that democracy is a prerequisite for development. It outlines arguments made by scholars like Olsen and Rodrik who claim democracies develop and progress more than other systems of governance. However, the passage also notes that many Western nations that advocate this view developed through periods of limited democracy or non-democratic policies. It questions the argument that democracy is necessary for development by pointing out some Western countries achieved development prior to universal suffrage. Overall, the passage examines both sides of the debate around democracy and development without making a clear conclusion.
This document discusses the principles of Islam regarding foreign policy and international relations. It states that the basis of Islamic foreign policy is conveying the message of Islam to all peoples and nations. It discusses how the Prophet Muhammad established foreign policy to spread Islam, and how subsequent Islamic states and empires continued this objective. The document asserts that spreading Islam is a fixed concept in Islamic foreign policy that does not change based on who rules. It argues the Khilafah's foreign policy must be based on developing political plans and styles to achieve this goal of taking Islam to the world, understanding capitalism's influence today and analyzing the current global situation.
The document discusses economic crises from an Islamic perspective. It provides background on currency and balance of payments, noting that crises can occur due to issues with either. Specifically, it states that when the gold standard was used, monetary stability was higher, but the use of fiat currencies and the abandonment of backing currencies with gold have led to more frequent crises. The document analyzes historical systems like Bretton Woods and explains how imbalances in these systems contributed to economic difficulties.
The document criticizes the treatment of women under Islamic dress codes and social norms. It argues that the burka transforms women into objects of defilement and inspires lascivious thoughts. More moderate versions of Islamic female dress have a similar effect of stifling women. The author views Islamic dress codes as instruments of persecution that publicly shame and dehumanize women.
The global credit crunch began as a crisis in the US housing market and spread worldwide. The US economy relies heavily on consumption, with 80% of wealth generated by the service sector catering to consumer goods. Americans consume disproportionately of global resources and have large trade deficits. Cheap credit fueled a housing bubble, with nearly 70% of Americans owning homes and taking on large mortgage debt. When the bubble burst, the crisis spread globally through interconnected financial markets.
The document discusses the meaning and differences between civilizations and religions. It argues that civilizations are collections of concepts about life that emanate from either spiritual/religious doctrines or human agreements. The key civilizations discussed are Islamic civilization, emanating from Islamic doctrine, and Western civilization, emanating from separating religion from public life. It rejects the idea of a universal civilization and argues that the Islamic civilization clashes with others due to differences in foundational doctrines. It also rejects the concept of religious dialogue promoted by Western thinkers, which aims to find common ground between civilizations rather than address core disagreements.
The document outlines the institutions of state in the Khilafah system according to Hizb ut-Tahrir. It begins by discussing the role and qualifications of the Khalifah, the head of state, who is appointed by bay'ah or oath of allegiance. It then discusses the various assistant roles such as delegated assistants, executive assistants, and governors. It also covers the departments of Jihad, judiciary, administration, treasury, information, the Ummah's council, flags/banners, and national anthem. The goal is to present a clear understanding of how the practical implementation of ruling and administration would function under an Islamic caliphate system according to Hizb ut-T
The document discusses the foreign policy goals and strategies of the United States and Russia over the coming decade:
1) The US aims to maintain its global influence despite recent setbacks, but faces challenges retaining power after being "humbled" by failures in Iraq and Afghanistan and a massive debt crisis.
2) Russia is resurgent after gaining control of its resources and modernizing its military. It seeks to counter US influence and bring former Soviet states back into its sphere by using relations with countries like Iran, signing arms deals with nations like India and China, and establishing economic and security agreements with former Soviet republics.
3) By 2010, Russia likely will have consolidated control over 70% of the former Soviet Union
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptxSitimaJohn
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
OpenID AuthZEN Interop Read Out - AuthorizationDavid Brossard
During Identiverse 2024 and EIC 2024, members of the OpenID AuthZEN WG got together and demoed their authorization endpoints conforming to the AuthZEN API
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
2. This booklet has been issued by
Hizb ut-Tahrir – Denmark
1430 A.H. / 2009 A.D.
2
3. Content
Foreword ............................................................................................5
The Reality and Problem ..................................................................13
The Solution according to Capitalism
From the Kyoto Agreement to COP15..............................................15
Part One........................................................................................15
The Issue turned into a question of Supply and Demand ............15
Exaggeration in the Assessment of Quotas..................................18
Part Two........................................................................................19
”Clean Development”...................................................................19
Constraints imposed on the developing countries.......................21
Capitalism causes environmental crisis............................................22
The Islamic view ...............................................................................26
Islam’s view on the environment .....................................................29
Islam prohibits harm and that which leads to the forbidden...........38
Preservation of the Environment in the Islamic State......................41
Qadi al-Hisbah (Supervisory Judge)..............................................42
Qadi al-Khusamat (The Judge of Disputes)...................................43
Qadi al-Madhalim (The Judge of Unjust Acts)..............................43
The Environmental Problem and its Globalization...........................44
The Real Solution to the Global Problem .........................................46
Finally we direct this appeal to the Muslims....................................48
3
4. ْ َ َ َ َ ا ْ َ َ د ِ ا ْ َ َا ْ َ ْ ِ ِ َ َ َــــ
ﺏ آ و ُ
ْ ُ َ َ أ ْ ِي ا س ِ ُ ِ َ ُ َ ْ َ ا ِي َ ُِ ا
ﺏ ِ َ
[ 41:ا وم ] َ ْ ُِ ن
َ
Corruption has appeared on land and
sea because of that which the hands of
men have earned. He (Allah) will give
them a taste of some of their deeds: in
order that they may turn back (from
Evil). [TMQ. Al-Rum 30: 41]
4
5. Foreword
The environmental issue has never received as much attention
throughout the history of mankind as it has in the past couple
of decades as a result of the disruption in the environmental
balance resulting from the negative consequences of the
industrial revolution and man’s consumption of natural
resources. The World now fears a devastating deterioration of
the environmental condition. Amongst the most debated
issues in this context is climate change and global warming,
the concern of which is not limited to a single country, but
rather encompasses the whole world since there is no region
or State which is not affected by it. As a result global warming
has received a large amount of international attention. Several
scientific conferences, international summits and forums have
been held in order to debate the causes of the problem, how
it can be solved and the extent of co-operation between the
different countries to counter it. The organizers of these
meetings have sought international agreements, which oblige
the compliance to what is regarded as the solution to the
climate problem, tackling its causes and harmful
consequences in a manner that balances between
safeguarding the standard of living and need for natural
resources on the one hand, and respect for the climate on the
other. With the participation of several heads of states and
5
6. governments as well as a great number of governmental
delegations, experts and researchers, the Copenhagen Climate
Conference, which is held from the 7th of December till the
18th of December 2009 A.D, is regarded as part of a long series
of international conferences.
Whoever follows these conferences and the commitments
and proposed agreements, and studies the research
specifically done by western scientists, experts and thinkers
will realize that the occupation with the issue of environment
has taken a wrong direction from the beginning. This is due to
the fact that the debate has primarily been limited to the
symptoms of the imbalance of the environment and the
immediate causes behind it such as greenhouse gases, which
affect the atmosphere and the role of industry in this context.
These causes are the effects of the problem rather than the
real causes. Hence there has been no significant progress in
resolving the environmental issue. Progress will remain
stunted and deficient as long as the diagnosis and treatment
of the problem remains flawed.
We do not believe that the actual causes behind the
environmental problem are to be found in production,
technological development or the exploitation of natural
resources for the benefit of mankind. This is due to the fact
that Allah (the Glorified and Exalted) has ordained the earth
6
7. with everything contained in it to the service of mankind. He
(the Glorified and Exalted) has thus called on people to
cultivate the Earth and seek subsistence therein, and to
explore the natural laws to take advantage of them by putting
everything which is upon the Earth and within the atmosphere
in their service to meet their needs, satisfy their hunger and
further develop the means of life. Mankind has lived on this
earth and enjoyed its benefits without it leading to shortage
or imbalance. Allah (the Glorified and Exalted) says:
َ ْء
ٍ ُ ِ َ ِ َ ْ َ َا َرْض َ َدْ َ َ وأ ْ َ ْ َ ِ َ ر َا ِ َ وَﻥ
ﻡ آ َو ﺱ َأ ََ َ ﻡ ﻥ ه و
وِن ﻡ
َإ َ ِ ْ ُ ْ َ ُ ِ َاز
ِ ﺏ َ و َ ََْ َ ُ ْ ِ َ َ َ ِ َ و
َﻡ ﻡ َ ﻡ ْ ُون
ٍ ز
: ] رة ا ِ َ َ َ َا ِ ُ ُ و َ ُ َ ُ ُ إ ِ َ َر ﻡ ُْ م
ٍ ٍ ِ ﺏ َﻡ ﻥ ﻥ َ ْء إ
ٍِ
[21-19
“And the Earth We have spread out (like a carpet); set
thereon mountains firm and immovable; and produced
therein all kinds of things in due balance. And We have
provided therein means of subsistence― for you and for
those for whose sustenance you do not uphold. And there is
not a thing but its (sources and) treasures (inexhaustible) are
7
8. with Us; but We only send down thereof in due and
ascertainable measures.” [TMQ. Al-Hidjr 15: 19-21]
In our view the environmental problem, in its complete
meaning, is due to causes of intellectual dimensions as well as
a deep ideological dilemma that has resulted in a lasting
practice leading to the emergence and deterioration of the
environmental problem. We can confirm that the industrial
revolution, which has been attributed the major responsibility
for the environmental problems, arose and evolved in the
West. The western world continues to lead in this field, whilst
the rest of the world follows in its footsteps. The western
world in which the western culture is prevalent has formed
the ideological foundation and the intellectual framework that
has dominated the industrial revolution and its achievements.
This culture is materialistic and benefit-oriented, and its
philosophy dictates that the Creator (the Glorified and
Exalted) should be separated from the affairs of life, just as it
calls for freedom, including freedom of property and personal
freedom. It makes benefit the criterion for actions and
believes that man’s happiness is achieved through the
realization of his maximum share of sensual pleasures. This
culture also considers the economic problem as being the
scarcity of goods and services, makes the state a tool to
protect the freedoms, and assigns man the right to legislate.
8
9. As a result of these beliefs, this culture contains the seeds of
the problems across various aspects of life, including the
environmental problem. This culture directs man, society and
the state towards destruction. It has paved the way to the
formation of the individual who does not feel Allah’s
surveillance or fear of Allah’s accounting; a man whose
boundaries are defined by his material interests and who
strives for the achievement of maximum wealth and material
pleasure. This culture has extinguished the glow in the nature
of man and distanced him from his spiritual needs. Therefore
due to his beliefs, such a man was suited to be greedy and
violate the rights of others without regard for moral
boundaries or spiritual values. Similarly, this man is
characterized by an uncontrolled consumption of goods and
services, as he is driven by the desire to own without any real
need. Several homes in the West thus accumulate goods such
as electrical appliances, clothes, beauty products and so on,
which are continually replaced by new products simply
because a new model has been produced or because fashion
has changed, or because there is no longer any need for
them. As a result, western societies are described as consumer
societies that do not take the environmental impact of
superfluous consumption into account.
9
10. National Income and economic growth has been made the
criterion of economic success as a result of this culture’s
proclamation that the economic problem is the scarcity of
goods and services, as well as the solution to this problem
consisting of the increase of production. Hence, states are
driven to focus on production and its increase in order to
reach the highest possible level of National Income and to
increase economic growth, without paying any regards to the
environment. Major industries and manufacturing companies
engage in a ruthless exploitation of natural resources and
filled the markets with products in huge quantities to achieve
profits with boundless greed, without any regard for anything
other than the material gain. These companies and industries
made their governments as well as those of the poorer
nations subservient in order to realize their own economic
interests. Similarly, they were able to exert considerable
influence on different legislation and legislators to benefit
their own profit and economic objectives. All this is done
without regard to the dangerous consequences that affect
man, animals or the environment.
Furthermore, there is a Capitalist understanding that there is a
constant trade-off between development on one hand and
the environmental and human issues on the other. This view is
fundamentally flawed since economic development and
10
11. prosperity do not necessitate violations against humans,
animals or the surrounding environment, and any solution
based on this erroneous view will only lead to an escalation of
the problem. Similarly, the solutions proposed by the western
politicians, whether they are solutions from the Kyoto-
Conference, the EU's Climate Plan or the UN Climate
Conference in Copenhagen (COP15) all confirm the lack of
interest in the environment and climate if the western
companies have to pay the price.
It is only natural that the western culture’s dominance of the
world and the implementation of the Capitalist system lead to
fatal consequences in the shape of hunger, poverty,
colonization, wars of aggression, mass killings of civilians,
economic crises and the emergence of western led dictator
regimes in the Muslim world and other poor countries. The
repeated abuse of the environment and the emergence of the
environmental problem are merely fruits of this Capitalist
system.
Today, mankind is standing at a crossroad, and further
continuation on the path of Capitalism will without any doubt
leave mankind to the mercy of an unimaginable tsunami of
disasters. The emergence of the crises that we bear witness to
in our time is nothing other than the legacy of this ideology on
11
12. its death bed, which only maintains its existence through the
brutal repression of other nations and ideas.
Islam has a fundamentally different view regarding this
matter. Islam offers mankind a solution that can deliver real
economic progress, stability and development for the whole
of mankind, without being at the expense of the environment
or for the interests of a small elite.
The Muslims have the ability, if they have strong will, to
change the path of life and choose the method of Islam, which
will not only provide tranquility to man, but also respect
nature and the environment, which is a necessity for the
survival of mankind.
In this booklet we will briefly deal with the reality of the
proposed solutions in the international forums, including the
Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, to show the clear
differences between the view of Islam and the view of
Capitalism regarding the issue of the environment and
economic prosperity and growth.
12
13. The Reality and Problem
The definition of the environment, or the natural
environment, is a term that comprises all living and non-living
things that occur naturally on Earth or on some part of it.
We have over a long period of time witnessed repeated
attacks upon the environment, as western states and
companies directly or indirectly have destroyed forests, rivers
and put an end to many animals to such an extent that some
species are endangered, which has led several animal welfare
organizations to collect signatures in protest. In these days,
millions of tons of waste are shipped from the western
industrial countries to the so-called third world countries,
actually becoming a lucrative business in itself. The
consequence is that land areas and rivers in these countries
are contaminated, as a large proportion of the waste is toxic,
such as batteries and lead, which has a direct effect on the
human nervous system. All of this has caused many deaths
among workers and caused extensive harm to thousands of
others.
But the environmental and climate debate, which takes place
in the media and among politicians in the West, has created
misunderstandings which have led to a neglect of real cases
that concern the environment as a whole. The direction that
13
14. the climate debate has taken removes the focus from other
environmental problems the world currently is
facing! Therefore, the debate should not be limited to climate
change and reducing carbon emission. Besides climate change
and its impact on man, the debate must focus upon the
reckless behavior that characterizes the western states and
companies. Reducing only CO2 while contaminating the world
in every other way will not remove the environmental
disasters that the third world countries suffer from
disproportionately.
The ongoing scientific discussions and debates about the
effect of ordinary peoples’ behavior are in reality misleading.
We do not wish to discuss scientific facts here, but it is
necessary to draw attention to the fact that scientific faculties
and organizations depend on financial support from
companies to finance much of their research. This makes the
nature and results of this research a subject of speculation and
suspicion, especially when it concerns the interests of big
companies.
Alternatively, the following should be discussed: How does
one avoid all environmental threats? What causes the
environmental disasters that the world is witnessing? Who’s
responsible for this? Should striving for economic growth be
at the expense of the environment?
14
15. The Solution according to Capitalism
From the Kyoto Agreement to COP15
Part One
The Issue turned into a question of Supply and
Demand
The Cap and Trade System is an integral part of the Kyoto-
Protocol and EU’s Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS). It will
also be part of the new agreement at the Climate Conference
in Copenhagen (COP15), if the parties manage to reach an
agreement.
According to this scheme, the countries that joined the
agreement have to disclose their total carbon-emissions.
These countries are obliged to reduce the reported amounts
with percentages that have not yet been agreed upon. This is
achieved by assigning a number of CO2-quotas to the
companies in the respective countries. These companies are
then required to reduce their carbon- emissions over time,
15
16. which reduces the country's total carbon-emissions to the
level that the country has committed to. The companies in
those countries that joined the agreement may choose to use
all their quotas or limit themselves to less, in which case they
can sell their excess CO2-quota on the international markets to
other companies that want more CO2-quota due to increased
production. Thus, CO2 has become a commodity, whose price
is defined according to the principle of "Supply and
Demand". The former chief economist of the World Bank,
Nicholas Stern, commented upon the "Cap and Trade System"
saying: " The greatest market failure the world has
seen." These climate agreements have left it to the market
forces to solve the environmental problem, as clearly stated in
Kyoto and EU ETS, giving companies property rights to pollute.
The mechanisms of the "Cap and Trade System", which are a
part of the Kyoto-agreement and EU ETS, as well as the
mechanisms of the "U.S. Acid Rain program ", aim to privatize
the property rights to pollute, which is beneficial for the most
polluting industries and countries (in the West).
Nicholas Stern points out that "the basis of emissions trading
is assigning property rights to emitters, and then allowing
these to be traded." The problem has thereby taken new
dimensions, as pollution has become a right that can be
acquired and sold by private companies. The above-
16
17. mentioned agreements have given the companies that cause
pollution the property rights to pollute, and at no cost.
Based on the above, CO2 is turned into a product with its own
market, called the carbon-market. According to a report
published by Pointcarbon.com, carbon-emissions increased
from 1.6 billion tons in 2006 to 2.7 billion tons in 2007, i.e. an
increase of 68 %. Meanwhile, the sales of CO2-quotas have
increased significantly in the same period. In 2006 the trade
amounted to $ 33 billion, and in 2007 it amounted to $ 60
billion, i.e. an increase of 80 %. And in 2008 the trade reached
the peak of $ 118 billion. Thus, the trade in CO2-quotas
continues to grow despite the global recession. Accordingly, it
is not surprising western companies that are responsible for
the pollution call for this system that guarantees them free
property rights to pollute and thus the right to trade them.
The Cap and Trade System has secured the property rights of
the richest and most powerful western companies to pollute.
Thus, the Capitalist system managed to organize the property
right to pollute as it organized the right to extract oil, coal and
other natural resources, leading to accumulation of these
resources among the wealthy and influential. Based upon this
organization, the system of the right to pollute can lead to
monopoly, which only serves the western companies, who
cause the greatest environmental damage.
17
18. Exaggeration in the Assessment of Quotas
The distribution of the quotas enjoyed by a specific country is
often characterized by exaggeration, which leads to a surplus
of CO2-quotas allocated to companies. For example in the
Czech Republic in 2005 the big energy company CEZ was given
one-third of the CO2-quotas of 97.6 million tons which the
state assigns. In 2004, the volume of carbon-emissions in the
Czech Republic was at 90 ton, which secured the country a
profit of $ 187 million as a result of the sale of CO2-quotas in
the period between 2005-2007. The CEO of CEZ, Martin
Roman, said that the company secured huge profits through
the sale of its CO2-quotas when prices were high and when
prices fell the company bought back the quotas to increase
their coal production.
This is the reality of all countries which have joined the Kyoto-
Protocol and EU ETS or other similar agreements. As a result
even when companies invest in new technology to reduce
carbon-emissions the total carbon-emissions will not decline,
since the companies that have excess of CO2- quotas will sell
them to other companies that will use them to increase
pollution. It is therefore misleading to portray the problem as
being a consumer problem, and misleading to argue that a
reduction of the consumer’s electricity consumption will
reduce the carbon-emissions caused by electricity. The
18
19. explanation is that the excess CO2-quotas for pollution will be
sold to other countries, which depend on coal in their
production of electricity. Reducing the climate problem to a
question of the actions of consumers is an attempt by the
western politicians and companies who promote this view to
shirk their responsibility.
Part Two
”Clean Development”
The Clean Development (CDM) mechanisms allow
industrialized countries to increase their CO2-quotas through
the purchase of CO2-credits (credits from cutting greenhouse
gas emissions) from developing countries. Based on this
understanding of sustainable development, companies do not
need to reduce pollution even when they consume their
maximum quotas for pollution.
This system consists of western companies investing in a
project in a developing country that "contributes" to reducing
carbon-emissions. According to the regulations of the Kyoto-
agreement, such projects trigger CO2-credits that can be sold
19
20. and purchased in connection with the production. Thus, these
companies can pollute the environment with greenhouse
gases in quantities greater than the quota assigned to them by
the state.
The system exempts the companies that have contributed to
pollution from taking responsibility for the pollution they
caused throughout previous years. Rather, it even paves the
way for these companies to continue polluting in the same
manner. Since their emergence, "CDM"-projects ("green
projects") have been characterized by corruption, fraud and
lack of transparency. These projects have in fact often
increased the damage to the environment in developing
countries. Among such examples is the chemical factory in the
province of Gujarat in India, owned by GFL (Gujarat
Fluorochemicals Limited), whose main base is in
London. Being a part of the UN’s “green” projects, this factory
is financed by taxpayers. Because of this factory’s production
of toxic chemicals, the water in the surrounding area has been
polluted to the extent that it is undrinkable. The water is now
known as the water of death. Consequently, the harvest has
been destroyed and the surrounding areas of land are no
longer cultivable. The astonishing thing about this case is that
the company that bears responsibility for this pollution is a
part of the "CDM".
20
21. Constraints imposed on the developing countries
There are some countries such as China and Brazil, whose
industries are considered as being relatively young compared
to those in the West. The subjection of these newly
industrialised countries to the demands of the West to reduce
their carbon emission is tantamount to constraint of the
industry and the economic prosperity in these countries. This
is due to their assigned CO2 –quotas since the development of
industry requires increase in the factories’ production, which
entails an increase in the amount of carbon emission, rather
than a decrease. Consequently, the signing of such
agreements at the present moment or in the future will entail
that these countries will be subjected to the dominance of the
West with respect to production and prosperity.
Furthermore, the greater part of non-western countries (the
developing countries), including the countries in the Muslim
world, has no real industry. If the developing countries
become a part of any agreement in the future, their
development will be prevented such that they do not become
industrialized countries. These countries will be compelled to
sell their CO2-quotas to the developed countries. On this basis,
there will be no benefits for the developing countries except
through the application of the CDM (“green projects”), and
these projects guarantee additional CO2–quotas for the
21
22. western industries meaning the increase of production for
them. The developing countries will be a consumer market for
pollution that the western economy and industries need, or in
other words, the developing countries will remain subject to
the influence and dominance of the western industrialized
countries.
Consequently, the western solutions and agreements put
forward as answers to the climate problem are nothing but
guarantees for the western companies that the climate and
environment do not become a barrier for their ongoing
pollution whilst it is necessary for their economic growth and
achievement of profit. Based on the free market forces, these
solutions make the environment a victim of the greed of those
who caused the environmental crisis to begin with.
Capitalism causes environmental crisis
The environmental problem is not the only failure of the
capitalist system, which has caused one crises after the other.
The global food crises and the financial and economic crises
which we have witnessed the last few years are far from the
last crises of Capitalism. These crises have left millions
destitute, and at the same time made it possible for a few
people to posses more then the human mind is able to
imagine.
22
23. The reasons that capitalism lacks the ability to present the
correct solutions to these problems which mankind faces, are
first of all due to its doctrine (‘aqeedah). This doctrine, which
is built upon the idea of compromise, makes the incompetent
human mind the legislator. The idea of separating religion
from life has brought people under the control of the
capitalistic legislators who believe that the purpose of life is to
obtain maximum share of sensual pleasure, and that benefit is
the criterion for any action without taking anything else into
account.
The deficiency of Capitalism in presenting the correct
solutions is also due to its view on the economic problem as
being the scarcity of resources relative to the growing and
endless consumption (theory of scarcity). This has made the
focus of capitalism limited to the production at the expense of
a fair distribution and the fulfilment of every individual human
being’s basic need for housing, food and clothing. For
example, in the stronghold of capitalism the United States, in
2003 the production increased while the poverty level rose by
1.3 million people.
Moreover, there is no room for morality in regards to the
economic transactions of Capitalism, since it is an economy
that only aims at realizing material values, and which
considers the increase of wealth for the individual as the key
23
24. to success, regardless of the consequences to the society and
nature. The founder of capitalism, Adam Smith, expressed this
when he stated that greed is the individual’s moral, and this
moral controls the economy.
The effects of such a philosophy are destructive for mankind
and the environment, and we have witnessed the destruction
and contamination of rivers, forests and farm land as
consequences of western companies’ actions all over the
world.
Whether in Indonesia or South America these companies are
eliminating the world’s forests. These forests, which directly
contribute to reducing carbon in the atmosphere, are
therefore threatened with extinction. Ironically, it is these
same companies that make speeches about protecting the
environment and the climate.
People in South America, Africa, Asia and even in Europe have
witnessed contamination of the land which they are used to
live on. This has reached the extent that their children are
born with deformity, and people being affected by odd
illnesses due to the toxic wastes that are being dumped in
oceans, rivers and lakes. At a time when speeches are being
made about reducing carbon emission in order to save the
climate, toxic waste is being sent to the third world countries,
24
25. killing people, contaminating arable land and destroying fish.
For example the Nile is contaminated to such a degree that
the people who drink from it suffer from severe heath
problems. Tarik Sameer, a member of the Water
administration in the national research centre, said: “there are
areas in the Nile and its ramifications that are contaminated
due to the untreated industrial wastewater, which runs out to
the river”. He added that “the organic solvent from the
industrial production, the agriculture and the wastewater that
runs out in the Nile do not disappear, even after water is
treated with chlorine in the wastewater treatment plant”
There are great costs in connection with the protection of the
environment, and when profit is the only objective, any
company will aim at minimizing its costs. According to the
capitalistic logic, priorities of profit size and maximization
exceed protecting the environment and human dignity. Since
the implementation of capitalism is the cause of the apparent
destruction which man and the environment suffer from, the
sensible person should wonder about the motives of the
capitalists’ concern about mankind’s future life and the
preservation and protection of the environment!
25
26. The Islamic view
The Islamic view of life is based on the absolute belief that
man, life and the universe are created by a Creator, Allah (the
Glorified and Exalted), and that Islam is the message which the
Almighty Creator has sent down to mankind to bring it forth
from darkness into light. And when man is absolutely and
intellectually convinced by this doctrine and enjoys peace of
mind, then he will make this doctrine the basis for all of his
ideas and the criterion for all of his actions. Consequently, the
Muslim is convinced that the Creator, Allah (the Glorified and
Exalted), has sent down the last message that determines
good and evil, truth and falsehood. In all matters of life and
regarding solutions to all problems the Muslim refers to the
Islamic doctrine from which a comprehensive system for life
originates. This system organizes man’s needs, at anytime and
anywhere and is not influenced by the surrounding
environment, circumstances or individual interests.
Additionally, the Islamic doctrine solves his problems in
consideration of all spiritual, human, moral and material
values. The Islamic doctrine organizes these values in a
concordant manner that realizes all the values. Therefore, the
material value is not prioritized over the other values, and no
value is ignored in favour of another, rather they are all
coordinated. The decisions for the society are carried out on
26
27. the basis of the coordination between all four values, rather
than on the basis of material prosperity alone, in which the
Gross Domestic Product or other economic indicators are the
criterion. The material progress and growth gained at the
expense of the world’s people, or at the expense of nature,
can never be the correct criterions for the correct righteous
society.
The balance of these four values will never be achieved if
legislation is left to man, based on the fact that man is
incapable of being free from the influence of his own interests
and inclinations whilst legislating. This is due to the fact that
man’s understanding of organizing is subject to variation,
discrepancy, contradiction and influence from the
environment in which he lives, which would result in an
inconsistent and contradictory system and inevitably lead to
man’s misery. The state of the world today, which is ravaged
by corruption, injustice and damage to man and nature, is the
best proof of man’s incapability of designing a suitable system
that determines what is good and what is evil.
Islam does not forbid man to enjoy Allah’s blessings, nor does
it forbid him to work, nor gain earnings and wealth. On the
contrary, Islam renders work necessary for the progress of the
human life, and for man to carry out his duties. Allah (the
Glorified and Exalted) says:
27
28. َ ِ َت
ِﻡ ُ ْ َ ْ َ م ز َ َ ا ِ ا ِ أ ْ َج ِ ِ َ د ِ َا
َ َ ِ و ِ َ ﻡ ﺡ
ِ َ َ ِ ْ ا زْق ُ ْ ِ َ ِ ِ َ َ َ ُ ا ِ ا ْ َ َ ة ا ﻥْ َ َ ِ َ ً َ ْم ا
ﻡ َ ِ ﻡ ِ ه
ُ ا ْ َ َ ت ِ َ ْم َ ْ َ ُ ن
ٍ ِ َ ُ َ َِ َ
آ ﻥ
”Say: Who has forbidden the beautiful (gifts) of Allah, which
He has produced for his servants, and the things clean and
pure (which He has provided) for sustenance? Say: They are
in the life of this world, for those who believe, (and) purely
for them on the Day of Judgment. Thus do We explain the
signs in detail for those who understand.” [TMQ. Al-A’raf 7:
32]
However, Islam does not accept that some people over-
consume while others are unable to satisfy their basic needs.
Consequently, Islam regards the economic problem as being
related to the distribution of the wealth and not its scarcity.
Hence Islam’s concern is not dedicated to the increase of
production, rather it is dedicated to eradicate poverty, and to
ensure the balance in looking after the interests and needs of
the community and the individual. Thus, Islam does not
disregard the needs of the individual in favour of the
community, nor does it favour the needs of the individual at
the expense of the community. Islam does not accept the
28
29. inhumane conditions which the greater part of the world’s
population lives under the control of the capitalistic system,
due to the insatiable desire and hunt for wealth by a few
people.
With these views Islam forms an individual that remembers
Allah’s supervision in all his affairs, and an individual who
voluntarily complies with Allah’s commands and prohibitions,
even if this leads to material losses. Such an individual will
make sure to stay as far away as possible from greed and
excessive consumption. With these views Islam ensures that
the economic activities conform to Shariah and to the moral
and spiritual values, and prevent the economic activities in
becoming a mere material activity that doesn’t pay regard to
anything except profit. In doing so, Islam eliminates the type
of human behaviour which leads to an environmental
imbalance.
Islam’s view on the environment
Islam does not view man’s relation to nature as one of conflict
or contradiction. On the contrary, because the universe and
life itself, just like man, are all Allah’s creations, Islam treats
their relations as being mutually complementary. Also, Allah
has put the universe in man’s service and He assigned man to
cultivate the land. Allah (the Glorified and Exalted) says:
29
30. َء َء
ً ِﻡ َ َات َا ْ َرْض وَﻥ َل ِ ْ ا
َ َأ َ ﻡ و ِو ا ُ ا ِي َ َ َ ا
ِ َ َ ْ َج ِ ِ ِ ْ ا َ َات رزْ ً َ ُ ْ و َ َ َ ُ ْ ا ْ ُ ْ َ ِ َ ْ ِي
َ َﺱ ِ ِ َﺏ ﻡ
َ َ َ ْ ا ْ َ ْ ِ ِ َﻡْ ِ ِ و َ َ َ ُ ْ ا ْ َﻥ َ ر * و َ َ َ ُ ْ ا ْ َ َا
و َ َﺱ َﺱ ﺏ
َا ِ َ ْ ِ و َ َ َ ُ ْ ا ْ َ َا َ ر
َ و َﺱ د
”It is Allah Who have created the heavens and the earth and
sends down rain from the skies and with it brings out fruits
wherewith to feed you; it is He Who has made the ships
subject to you that they may sail through the sea by His
command; and the rivers (also) He made subject to you. And
He made subject to you the sun and the moon, both
diligently pursuing their courses: and the Night and the Day
He (also) made subject to you.” [TMQ. Ibrahim 14: 32-33]
And He (the Glorified and Exalted) says:
َ ِ ٌ ِ ا ْ َرْض َ ِ َ ً َ ُ ا
ِ وإذْ َ ل َﺏ َ ِ ْ َ َ ِ َ ِ ِﻥ
إ َِ َ ر
أ َ ْ َ ُ ِ َ َ ْ ُ ْ ِ ُ ِ َ و َ ْ ِ ُ ا َ ء و َ ْ ُ ُ َ ُ ِ َ ْ ِك
َ ﺏ ﻡ َ َﻥ ﻥ َ ﻡ َﺕ
و ُ َ س َ َ َ ل ِﻥ أ ْ َ ُ َ َ َ ْ َ ُ ن
َ َإ َ ﻡ ﺕ ُ َﻥ
”Behold thy Lord said to the angels: "I will create a
vicegerent on earth." They said "Will You place therein one
who will make mischief therein and shed blood? Whilst we
30
31. do celebrate Thy praises and glorify Thy holy (name)?" He
said: "I know what ye know not.” [TMQ. Al-Baqarah 2: 30]
Persevering and avoiding both the material and the
immaterial mischief on the earth are all necessities to the
cultivation of it. Allah (the Glorified and Exalted) says:
ً َ َ و َ ُ ْ ِ ُوا ِ ا ْ َرْض َ ْ َ إﺹْ َ ِ َ َادْ ُ ُ َ ْ ً و
َ ِﺏ ِ ﺡ و َ ﺕ
َ ِ ِ ْ ُ ْ ِن رﺡْ َ َ ا ِ َ ِ ٌ ِ ْ ا
ـ ﻡ َ إ
” Do no mischief on the earth, after it has been set in order,
but call on Him with fear and longing (in your hearts): for the
Mercy of Allah is (always) near to those who do good!”
[TMQ. Al-A’raf 7: 56]
Islam considers deprivation on the earth a detestable crime.
Allah (the Glorified and Exalted) says:
َ و ِ َ ا س َ ُ ْ ِ ُ َ َ ُْ ُ ِ ا ْ َ َ ة ا ﻥْ َ و ُ ْ ِ ُ ا
َ ِ ِﻡ َﻡ
َ َ َ ِ َ ْ ِ ِ و ُ َ أ َ ا ْ ِ َ م وإ َا َ َ َ َ ِ ا َرْض
ِ ِ َ ِذ ﺕ ﺱ َ َه ﻡ
ِ ُ ْ ِ َ ِ َ و ُ ْ ِ َ ا ْ َ ْث َا ْ َ َا ُ َ ُ ِ ا ْ َ َ د
َ و َو َ
”There is the type of man whose speech about the wordly
affairs may please you and he calls Allah to witness about
31
32. what is in his heart; yet is he the most contentious of
enemies. (204) When he turns his back his aim everywhere is
to spread mischief through the earth and destroy crops and
cattle. But Allah loves not mischief.” [TMQ. Al-Baqarah 2:
204-205]
Also, Islam has clarified that in the universe and on the earth is
a balance and a purposeful and exact measure for all kind of
things. Allah (the Glorified and Exalted) says:
ُ ِ َ ِ َ ْ َ َا َرْض َ َدْ َ َ وأ ْ َ ْ َ ِ َ ر َا ِ َ وَﻥ
ﻡ آ َو ﺱ َأ ََ َ ﻡ ﻥ ه و
َ ْء ﻡ ْ ُون
ٍ ٍ ز
” And the earth We have spread out (like a carpet); set
thereon mountains firm and immovable; and produced
therein all kinds of things in due balance.” [TMQ. Al-Hidjr 15:
19]
Furthermore, Allah (the Glorified and Exalted) says:
َ ْء َ َ ْ َ ُ ِ َ َر
ٍ ﺏ ٍ ُ ِﻥ
إ آ
”Verily, all things have We created in proportion and
measure.” [TMQ. Al-Qamar 54: 49]
32
33. These and similar Quran verses suffice to illustrate the Islamic
view on nature and the environment, and indicate the
necessity to preserve the environment and the prohibition of
imbalance therein. The texts mould a Muslim that is eager to
cultivate and preserve the earth as well as looking after his
interests hereon. Additionally there are many Shariah texts in
the Quran and Sunnah that are related to details concerned
with the preservation of the environment, which indicate that
Islam is not confined to a general and wide treatment of the
matter. On the contrary, Islam goes beyond that and deals
with the details, so man is prevented in damaging and
contaminating the environment. Islam did not leave the
relationship between the Muslim and nature according to his
own individual desires and interest without regard for nature
or human lives. The following are some narrations from the
Prophet (pbuh) that suffice to show these details:
• Relationship with water
It was mentioned in the narration from Abu Hurayrah (may
Allah be pleased with him), who said, that the messenger of
Allah (pbuh) said: “None of you may urinate in stagnant
water, and then use it for bathing” (Bukhari and Muslim).
Muadh ibn Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated
from the Prophet (pbuh): "Avoid the three actions that bring
33
34. people's curses: defecating in water sources, on roads, and in
the shade." (Abu Dawud and ibn Majah)
Abdullah ibn Ámru bin Al-Ás (may Allah be pleased with him)
narrated: "That the messenger of Allah (pbuh) happened to
pass by Sa'd as he was performing ablution. Whereupon he
said: Sa'd what is this squandering? Sa'd said: Can there be
any idea of squandering (israf) in ablution? Whereupon he
(the Prophet) said: Yes, even if you are by the side of a
flowing river." (Ibn Majah)
• Removal of harm
The messenger of Allah (pbuh) said: "Iman is some 70 or 60
branches, the highest is to testify there is no god besides
Allah, and the lowest of which is to remove something
harmful from the road" (Muslim)
The messenger of Allah (pbuh) said: "To remove something
harmful from the road is a charity." (Bukhari)
The messenger of Allah (pbuh) said: "A man found a thorny
branch on his way, whereupon he picked it up. Allah was
then pleased and applauded his action and forgave him”
(Bukhari).
34
35. • Crops and plants
The messenger of Allah (pbuh) said: "There is no Muslim who
plants a tree or grows crops, and a bird, a human or an
animal eats from it, except that it will be counted as a charity
for him.” (Bukhari).
The messenger of Allah (pbuh) said: “Whoever cultivates
barren land, it belongs to him” (Abu Dawud).
The messenger of Allah (pbuh) said: "If the time of judgment
comes, and in one's hand is a sapling, one has to plant it if it
is possible" (Ahmad).
When the Prophet (pbuh) sent his companions to Jihad he
(pbuh) used to advise them with the following words: “Go
forth in the name of Allah…. and do not cut down any tree,
except the trees which prevent you from fighting or
constitute a barrier between you and the Polytheists”
(Bayhaqi).
• Birds and animals
It was narrated from Abu Hurayra that the messenger of Allah(
pbuh) said: "While a man was on a road, he became very
35
36. thirsty and he found a well and went down into it. He drank
and then came out. There was a dog panting and eating mud
out of thirst. The man said, 'This dog has become as thirsty as
I was.' So he went down the well and filled up his shoe with
water and the let the dog drink. So Allah thanked him and
forgave him.'" They (companions) said, "Messenger of Allah,
do we have a reward for animals?" He (pbuh) said, "There is
a reward for every living thing (with a moist liver)." (Bukhari)
Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated, that the
Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said: “ A woman was doomed to
Hell on account of a cat, because she tied it. She had not
given the cat anything to eat nor did she free it to enable it
to feed itself from among insects and other creatures of the
earth till it died (due to losing weight)". (Bukhari).
It was narrated by Anas, who said: “The messenger of Allah
(pbuh) has forbidden the shooting of tied or confined
animals.” (Muslim)
The messenger of Allah (pbuh) said: "Whoever kills a sparrow
or anything bigger than that without a just cause, Allah will
hold him accountable on the Day of Judgment." The
listeners asked, "O Messenger of Allah, what is a just cause?"
He replied, "That he will kill it to eat, not simply to chop off
its head and then throw it away." (Nasai).
36
37. The above was merely a minor selection from an ocean of
Shariah texts which concern the environment. These texts give
a unique picture of how Islam focuses on nature. Furthermore
they illustrate that Allah has created nature and put it in
service for Man, and made Man its guardian to enjoy and not
ruin it.
37
38. Islam prohibits harm and that which leads
to the forbidden
Most of the Shariah principles which are related to
environmental pollution to a great extent are the principles
concerning harm that are derived from a series of narrations,
including the Prophet's words: "No harm and no harming."
(Daraqutni).
Examples of these principles are: "the essence of harm is
prohibition”, "harm is removed" and "any permitted
(mubah) element that is harmful or leads to harm, is
prohibited, but the matter remains permissible." Dealing
with the environment should therefore be done in a way that
is not harmful or leads to harm.
Like the principles of harm there is the principle: "the means
of the forbidden is forbidden", which is derived from the
Shariah texts. According to this principle, any relationship with
nature which leads to something that Shariah has prohibited
will also be prohibited, even if there is not a text with a
specific prohibition. It is therefore forbidden according to
Shariah to pollute the environment so that it is harmful, or
leads to harm, or leads to something forbidden during the
process of manufacturing, economic development or
exploitation of natural resources, such as contaminating the
38
39. water, air and soil, with poison, disease and destruction of the
soil, animal resources and fisheries. This is regardless of the
cost there may be to avoid this, which means that the Shariah
has ignored the discussion of economic losses related to
countering environmental harm and combating pollution.
Regarding the destruction of the community life in a particular
area, such as pollution of public land, rivers, lakes, meadows
and forests, Islam does not allow the subjugation of the lives
of people to individuals. On the contrary, Islam places public
property under state supervision which ensures the
safeguarding of people and prohibits harming them. The state
is also obliged to remove harm from the community, such as
forbidding factories to dispose their harmful waste products
into rivers and oceans.
Islam has defined the property and framed the type of
ownership and the manner of acquisition, without interfering
in the amount. This is in contrast to the quota solutions which
the climate agreements have set, where limiting the amount is
made as the basis of manufacturing. This shows that the
climate agreements are designed to serve companies and
industrialized countries and not to remove the real harm. The
one who closely examines the issue will realize that the
production quantity is not the problem. The problem lies in
the type and the manner of acquisition. For example, when
39
40. factories are built in residential areas with harmful results, it is
then due to the location of the factory and not the quantity
the factory produces. Hence, one should prohibit the
construction of such factories in residential areas. If the
factory produces goods whose waste products are harmful,
then the solution lies in how you handle and dispose these
waste products so as to preserve human life and the
environment. The solution is not found in prohibition of the
production or in the reduction of the amount. Factory owners
or the State who oversee the industry are responsible for
removing the harm.
40
41. Preservation of the Environment in the
Islamic State
The entire Muslim world is living in a terrible state of decline
in various aspects of life. The rulers have contributed in an
obvious manner to the preservation of this state of misery,
ever since they agreed to be tools in the hands of foreign
states, and since they denied Islam and its laws and refrained
from their implementation. Therefore, they have not achieved
any progress in the life of the Muslim nation. For this reason,
the Muslim nation needs infrastructure, industry, agriculture,
health, economic research and development, etc. The future
Khilafah State must therefore invest in the vital aspects of all
areas. However, though the task is difficult and seemingly
impossible, the truth is that Allah has bestowed the Muslim
world with all the natural resources and a young nation that
possesses the necessary skills in all areas of life: scientists,
researchers, doctors, engineers and others. As a result the
Khilafah State will take the necessary steps to becoming an
industrialized country, and will insure that the industry is
subject to Islam's laws so that man and environment are not
caused damage.
To ensure its implementation the system of Islam relies on the
individual's fear of Allah which the Islamic doctrine enroots in
41
42. the souls. Yet, the system of Islam has not left the matter to
the fear of Allah alone. The Islamic system has determined
practical mechanisms to achieve the implementation of its
laws. Thus, Islam has made the State responsible for
implementation, set penalties for violation of the law and
ordered the Muslim nation to account the individual and the
state if there is negligence. The judicial system plays an
important role in safeguarding the implementation of Islam in
general, and especially in taking into account the issue of the
environment and climate. The role of the judiciary in the
environmental issue can be summarized as follows:
Qadi al-Hisbah (Supervisory Judge)
Islam has permitted individuals to trade, produce and invest
under certain conditions. These conditions determine what
and how this individual can own, since Islam has forbidden
ownership of things such as alcohol and prohibited ways to
acquire property, such as fraud and monopolization. And to
ensure that everything proceeds according to Shariah and that
the evil occurring in public life is removed, Islam has
introduced a law regarding the presence of a judge, who
supervises markets, hospitals, factories, and corporate-
compliance with Shariah Acts and other matters related to his
duties. This judge is called the Judge of Hisbah. To prevent
companies exposing animals or the environment to damage
42
43. falls under this judge's powers. Therefore, the Judge of Hisbah
will be among the inspectors, who inspect and supervise the
pollution and the waste that companies leave. Any violation
that the Judge of Hisbah discovers he immediately punishes
for.
Qadi al-Khusamat (The Judge of Disputes)
One of the biggest problems caused by environmental
pollution is the damage that affects the workers and people
exposed to toxic waste and the like. Islam has a clear position
on the actions that damage people, which is the prohibition of
such acts. The Judge of Disputes is the one who determines
the matters raised by the victims. This judge gives judgment
according to the Shariah laws by ensuring that the damage is
cleared and accounts the person who caused the damage to
recompense for the consequences of the damage.
Qadi al-Madhalim (The Judge of Unjust Acts)
The Judge of Unjust Acts has the task to resolve the conflicts
that arise between the ruler and people. In the area of
environmental cases, this judge works to eliminate the
environmental injustices the ruler commits, such as the harm
43
44. coming from the state-factories. This judge obliges the ruler to
implement the Shariah laws, which are related to the
environment, if there is any negligence on behalf of the ruler
in this area or if the ruler favors an issue at the expense of
another.
The Environmental Problem and its
Globalization
The globalization of the climate and environmental problem
implies that the solution to the problem must be global. This
shows that the western Capitalist countries are not serious
about the solution, because they are the ones that possess the
solution to this problem and not other countries. So why do
they invite the whole world in order to solve the
problem?! The agreements that have and will be concluded
(the presented solutions at the COP 15), confirm that the
western Capitalist states are not serious. International
agreements such as the Kyoto-agreement and others are not
even signed by the major countries, and they only comply with
those agreements to the extent that they ensure their own
interests. Hence, these agreements and conventions are a tool
in the hands of great powers to dominate smaller states.
Islam forbids the Islamic State to submit to other countries or
to accept their dominance.
44
45. Allah (the Glorified and Exalted) says:
ً ِ َ َ ِ ِ ْ ُ ْ وَ َ ْ َ َ ا ُ ِ ْ َ ِ ِ َ ََ ا
ﻡ ﺱ َ
”And never will Allah grant to the Unbelievers a way (to
triumph) over the Believers.” [TMQ. Al-Nisaa’ 4: 141]
This subjugation through the acceptance of these particular
agreements will lead Muslims to being prevented in
establishing real industries, just as it would harm the
environment and realize the West's exploitation of the Muslim
world. The acceptance of any state to submit to agreements
and conventions that make the state a prey of western
colonialism is truly a great crime.
45
46. The Real Solution to the Global Problem
The problem lies in the ruthless behavior of Capitalist
countries in their pursuit of achieving material prosperity at
the expense of others and at any price. The reason for this
behavior is inhumane doctrine of the Capitalist ideology. The
Capitalist countries refuse to take any responsibility, not even
from a moralistic perspective for their and their companies'
behavior. The world is suffering under this doctrine and is
exploited in a manner which is contrary to the most basic of
human values.
The solution to the global environmental problems and
problems concerning poverty and other global issues is to
remove and discard the real reason, which has caused these
problems, i.e. by a global rejection of the inhumane Capitalist
doctrine, which still controls the destinies of nations, and by
looking for an alternative that ensures mankind's happiness
and tranquility.
We, in Hizb ut-Tahrir, present the alternative to you, which is
Islam, with its idea and method. Islam is the solution to the
world’s problems. Islam’s political, economical, social,
environmental and other solutions are the only solutions
which will save the world from the injustice and darkness that
the Capitalist system has thrown it in. Islam is the alternative
46
47. that takes people from worshiping other people to the
worship of the Lord of mankind. And Islam takes people away
from the injustice of various doctrines and ways of life
(Capitalism, etc.) to the justice of Islam.
َ ِ َ َ ْ ً َ ْو َ أرْ َ ْ َ ك إ رﺡ
َ ِ َ َﻡ َ ﺱ
”We sent you, only as a mercy for all creatures.” [TMQ. Al-
Anbiyaa’ 21: 107]
47
48. Finally we direct this appeal to the
Muslims
Dear Muslims
For 13 centuries under the shade of Islam, mankind has
benefited from the safety and tranquility, where Muslims and
non-Muslims lived with security for their lives and
property. But today corruption has spread on the earth, in the
sea and in the skies and no man, animal or stone has been
spared, and this is due to the tyranny of Capitalism and the
lack of the presence of Islam.
The Messenger (pbuh) has told that this situation will not
continue forever and that mankind will once again come to
enjoy security and prosperity once Islam returns to life and
spreads in the world, as he (May Allah's blessings and peace
be upon him) said in the narration that after the dictatorial
rule it will finally become a righteous rule:
ة ﻡ جا …ﺙ ﺕ ن
”…then there will be Khilafah upon the method of the
Prophet.” (Imam Ahmad).
48
49. This narration is a message of the return of Islam and the
seizure of injustice.
Dear Muslims
Allah (the Glorified and Exalted) has praised you and described
you as the best nation brought to mankind. Allah (the Glorified
and Exalted) says:
ُ ُ ْ َ ْ َ ُﻡ ٍ أ ْ ِ َ ْ ِ س َ ْ ُ ُون ِ ْ َ ْ ُوف و َ ْ َ ْن
َ ِ َﺕ ِﺕﻡ َﺏ ُ أ آ
ِ ِ َ ِ اْ ُ َ ِ وُ ْ ُِ ن
َﺕ ﻡ َ ﺏ
”You are the best of peoples, evolved for mankind, enjoining
what is right, forbidding what is wrong, and believing in
Allah.” [TMQ. Aal-’Imran 3: 110]
This quality, "the best", obliges you to bear the responsibility
towards your deen and mankind and this cannot be realized
without the presence of Islam in life.
We, in Hizb ut-Tahrir, invite you to work with us in order to
resume the Islamic way of life, through the establishment of
the righteous Khilafah-State, as this state is the only guarantee
49
50. for the protection of man and the environment from the
excesses and injustice that prevails globally.
َ ِ ُ َ َ أ َ ا ِ َ َ ُ اْ اﺱْ َ ِ ُ اْ ِ ِ و ِ ُ ل إ َا د
َ ﺱ ِ ِذ َ آ ﻡ َ
ْ ُ ِْ ُ
”O you who believe! Give your response to Allah and His
Messenger, when He calls you to that which will give you
life.” [TMQ. Al-Anfal 8: 24]
50