Entity Relation Diagram

Entity Relation Diagram
Contents ERD (Entity Relation Diagram)2 2.1 History of ERD2 2.2 Building Blocks2 2.2.2Relationship2 2.3. Diagramming Conventions3 MS ACESS
TABLE5 3.1 Parts of Table6 3.2 Creating Tables in Access6
Chapter No 2
ERD (Entity Relation Diagram)
2.1 History of ERD
An entity–relationship model (ERM) is an abstract and conceptual representation of data. Entity–relationship modeling is a database modeling method,
used to produce a type of conceptual schema or semantic data model of a system, often a relational database, and its requirements in a top–down
fashion. Diagrams created by this process are called entity–relationship diagrams, ER diagrams, or ERDs.
This technique was developed by PETER CHEN in 1976 since...show more content...
If an entity set participates in a relationship set, they are connected with a line.
Attributes are drawn as ovals and are connected with a line to exactly one entity or relationship set.
Cardinality constraints are expressed as follows: * A double line indicates a participation constraint, totality or subjectivity: all entities in the entity set
must participate in at least one relationship in the relationship set; * an arrow from entity set to relationship set indicates a key constraint, i.e.
infectivity: each entity of the entity set can participate in at most one relationship in the relationship set; * A thick line indicates both, i.e. objectivity:
each entity in the entity set is involved in exactly one relationship. * an underlined name of an attribute indicates that it is a key: two different entities
or relationships with this attribute always have different values for this attribute.
Attributes are often omitted as they can clutter up a diagram; other diagram techniques often list entity attributes within the rectangles drawn for entity
sets. Chen's notation for entity–relationship modeling uses rectangles to represent entities, and diamonds to represent relationships appropriate for
first–class objects: they can have attributes and relationships of their own.
Chapter No 3
MS ACESS TABLE
Microsoft Office Access, previously known as Microsoft Access, is a relational database management system from Microsoft that

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The Diagram Of The Poverty Cycle
The diagram of the poverty cycle above, may seem a bit exaggerated, however, it illustrates the importance of working with children to end the
poverty cycle. There are ways to help entire families, but I strongly believe that with 20% of children living in poverty we would see more efficient
long term results helping children, as I am a strong believer in saying that the youth are the future. This diagram also expresses the vast importance of
education and the effect that a lack of education has on the continuation of the poverty cycle.
On the other hand, is the poverty trap. Individuals are inevitably stuck in the trap without the ability to change the state of the 'low's' illustrated in
the diagram above. These diagrams go hand in hand in expressing the development of the poverty cycle or the poverty trap and the ever continuing
cycle that they are. Utilizing two different ideas, these diagrams are able to communicate the same overall concept. The first one is more relatable to
specifics of everyday life, while the second is more general. Ultimately a clear point is made in regards to the aspects of your life that keep you in the
cycle.
In an attempt to combat this problem, from an early age, I would like to propose an incentive to do well in school, in communities that are generally
exposed to food insecurity The incentives could range from small trinkets or candy for younger children, or an actual stipend for older students. There
is already a program in place,

Lewis Structure
Drawing a Lewis Structure
Lewis structure is the structure of a molecule in which dots are used to show the electron position around the atoms that make up the molecule.
In order to produce the Lewis structure of a molecule, there are certain steps one needs to follow (they are five (5) in number). Basically what I will
do is to use the molecule methane (CH4) as example to show you how to draw the Lewis structure of any molecule.
First Step
In order to produce the Lewis structure of methane, the first step is to count and determine the total valence electron present in methane (or any
molecule of interest). Methane is made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms (CH4). The valence of carbon is 4 and that of hydrogen is 1. Since we have
four...show more content...
Checking the octet rule means counting the number of pair electrons around carbon to know if they are up to eight. If yes, it means that we have our
final Lewis structure. If no, it takes is to step five. Looking at the second figure above, the octet rule is satisfied. This means that the final Lewis
structure of methane is:
Fifth Step
If octet rule is not satisfied, and more electrons remain to be shared, move one electron per bond per atom to make another bond. An example is given
below for CO2 molecule:
(Source: http://www.chem.ucla.edu/harding/lewisdots.html)
Isomer Questions
Isomers in organic chemistry are compounds that have the same molecular formula but with different structural formulas.
(1) Pentane is isomer. Its molecular formula is: C5H12. Other compounds that have this same molecular formula are: 2–methylbutane and
2,2–dimethylpropane. These three compounds have different structural formulas (see below):
(2) 2–methylbutane is an isomer. See above, it is an isomer of Pentane.
(3) 2,3–dimethylbutane is an isomer of hexane. Their molecular formula is: C6H14. Their structural formulas are shown below:
CH3(CH2)4CH3 for hexane and CH3CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH3 for 2,3–dimethylbutane.
(4) 2,2–dimethylpropane is an isomer of pentane. See above.

(5) 1–hexene is also an isomer. For further information consult the following site: http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=R97406
| |

The Phase Diagram
The phase diagram is a simulator representing how much pressure can be added and the different forms of your substance (whether it's liquid, solid or
gas.) in different environments and put to observation tests. The three regions are solid, liquid and gas. Gas when heated spreads everywhere and
moves rapidly. Whengas is frozen it falls to the bottom and gets stuck together as if it was a solid or a liquid. Liquid when heated boils, then turns into
gas and builds up pressure. Eventually enough pressure to blow the lid off. Liquid when frozen turns into a solid. Solids when heated turns into a
liquid, then soon evaporates and becomes a gas. When a solid is frozen it stays as a solid.
The constant pressure will soon result in an overload. The

Entities Relationship Diagram Paper
Entity Relationship diagram (ERD): This graphically depicts the tables and relationships in a relational database.
Entities: There are 5 rectangles which represent entities. These entities include patient demographic information, pharmacy order, patient hospital visit,
laboratory order, and physician information. The above mentioned entities are transformed into 5 tables in the final relational data base (Microsoft
access). Each entity in the ERD has a unique identifier, called primary key (see the ERD above). Some of the entities such as pharmacy order ID, patient
hospital visit, and laboratory order have foreign keys while entities like patient demographic information and physician information lack foreign keys.
Attributes: The attributes

Venn Diagram
STRAYER UNIVERSITY Managerial Economics 550 ASSIGNMENT 1 Making Decisions on Demand and Forecasting For Domino's Pizza
Vernessa Blackwell Professor Lundondo Mumeka January 24, 2013 Introduction A demand analysis is a very vital tool when a company is starting a
new venture in a new market or when it needs to introduce a new product in the market. It would indeed be impossible to forecast the profitability of
any business venture without analyzing the demand and the sensitivity of the industry and more so based on the location that the company would wish
to venture in. Many companies have failed to meet their goals after ignoring this vital...show more content...
Low income population will be particularly sensitive to price and may be unwilling to buy if they feel that the price charged is too high (United
States Bureau of the Census, 2002). A high income will make the market less sensitive to price because they have an increased buying power and
may even be willing to pay more as long as they are guaranteed of good quality. Advertising will disseminate very useful information to the potential
customers. It will affect demand by creating an awareness and interest in the company`s products. It helps the company communicate potentially
attractive attributes of its products that are superior to those of its customers. Domino`s needs to conduct extensive advertising before it opens its
doors to the people of Waldorf. This will make the people anticipate the company`s commencement of operations and mentally influence their interest
in its products and consequently influence their demand for Domino`s products. The size of the population also has huge impact on demand. There
has to be enough number of people for a business venture to be successful and attain good levels of profitability. A large population will avail to the
company a sizable and diverse target market and will also enable the company to benefit from economies of scale. Apart from the size of the size of
the population, it is also

Network Diagram
Network Diagram Internet The internet is noted to be a global system of computer networks that are interconnected. This system used a standard
internet protocol known as TCP/IP in order to serve thousands as well as well billions of users worldwide. The internet is therefore a network of
network that is made up of millions of public, private, business, academic as well as government networks. Router A router is a device that is used
to forward packets from a given network to another. This is done on the basis of internal routing tables. Routers operate by reading each and every
incoming packet and then deciding on whether or not to forward it (PCMag,2012). Firewall Firewall is a set of programs that are related and
located within a given network gateway server with the intention of protecting the private network resources from unauthorized users from other
networks (TechTarget,2007) Switch A switch is a hardware device which is used in joining of multiple computers to a single network within a given
local area network (LAN). In technical terms, network switches operate at the second layer (layer 2 Data Link Layer) of the OSI model
(Mitchell,n.d). Workstation A workstation is a computer which is designed and intended for use by an individual. It is much faster as well as more
capable than any personal computer. This computer is intended to be used in a business or professional setting as opposed to home use
(TechTarget,2005). References Mitchell,B (n.d).

Examples Of Cause And Effect Diagram
1.4.1 Cause – and – Effect Diagram:
A cause and effect diagram examines why something happened or might happen by organizing potential causes into smaller categories. It can also be
useful for showing relationships between contributing factors. One of the Seven Basic Tools of Quality, it is often referred to as a fishbone diagram or
Ishikawa diagram. It was founded by Karou Ishikawa in 1968. One of the reasons cause & effect diagram is also called as fishbone diagram is
because the completed diagram ends up looking like a fish's skeleton with the fish head to the right of the diagram and the bones branching off behind
it to the left.
To begin making a cause and effect diagram, write the main issue or problem to be analyzed in a box that is typically on the right. A line called the
"spine" or "backbone" should extend to the left starting from the edge of the main box. Next, angle branches off of the spine, each represent a cause or
effect of the main issue. Each of these branches can contain additional branches. In the manufacturing industry, the causes are referred to as the 6Ms:
Manpower / People
Machine
Method
Materials
Mother Nature / Environment
Measurements
Manpower/People:
Do you have too little of your workforce devoted to a process? Are new people...show more content...
The Pareto principle (also known as the 80–20 rule) states that, for many events, roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes. A graph
that ranks data classifications in descending order from left to right; if useful many are clubbed under 'other', place this category on the far right.
Horizontal scale in Pareto is a category. It is used to identify most important problems (Top 3 defects). It is applicable to problem identification &
measurement of

Entity Relationship Diagrams
An entity relationship diagram is the basic design model for any database. It is the major deliverable for a conceptual database design. It is the logical
organization of any data in the database and is usually made up of three components namely; entities, attributes and relationships. Entities are the major
categories of data in the database and are usually represented by rectangles. Attributes are the characteristics of the entities and are usually written in
the rectangle. Relationships are the connections between entities and are usually represented using lines joining the rectangles. Entities that share
major characteristics are known as entity types, and are also referred to as classes. An entity instance is the individual occurrence of one entity type. It
is important to define entity types as it makes it easier to determine the requirements of the database and how it will be structured.
In defining an attribute, the analyst must state the importance of the attribute, the value of the attribute and whether the value of this attribute can
change. When drawing an entity relationship diagram, the analyst must be aware of the following types of attributes; multi–valued attributes, required
attributes, optional attributes, composite attributes and derived attributes. When showing relationships, an analyst must be aware of three types of
relationships; unary (between instances of one entity type), binary (between instances of two entity types), and ternary (between

English Vs Math Essays
English Vs. Math
To most people English or Language Arts is a creative course and math is just a logical, you get it or you don't class. My purpose writing this paper is
to change your mind. I believe that Math is just as, or more creative than English. I will demonstrate this through a couple of examples.
First, we must understand what is behind the creative aspect in English. Most people consider that English is the, 'creative,' subject because of titles
such as 'creative writing' and 'creative thinking' and in contrast there is no creative something in math. In English when we are, let's say, going to write
a creative short story we use our imaginations and there are no...show more content...
SinВІ? + Cos ? | Sec ?
Cos ? |
First I would make everything over Cos ?
SinВІ ? + CosВІ ? | Sec ?
Cos ? |
Then I would apply a law...
1 | Sec ?
Cos ? |
Then a simple law...
Sec ? | Sec ?
You can prove that it is creative because a computer can't solve this equation, (a computer thinks logically). Technically a computer could solve this

equation but it could just tell you if they were equal and not to the same level of accuracy. A computer would input a value for ? on both sides and
if the answer is equal then the equation is equal. The problem with this is that when you get into trigonometry there could be a difference in the
decilionth decimal place. A computer can't work with the abstract which is what is in my example. A computer may take 2 seconds or a million
years to find an answer or it may give the wrong answer! The other point is that a computer can only perform things in a certain order it can't 'guess' or
have a feeling about a question, which brings in the creative aspect.
Another example happened during one of my Calculus classes that I believe to be the most abstract and creative of the maths. A fellow student and
me figured out pie. We figured out that the integral from 0 to1 of the square root of x minus 1 is equal to half of pie. We had huge problems figuring
out this

Entity Relationship Diagram
Entity Relationship Diagram The bellow diagram is what is refered to as an "Entity Relationship Diagram". Its purpose is to show the relationship
between different data in the hotel management program , and the actions that are performed on it. And how data from different objects relate to each
other. Legend The Data Entities represent data that will need to be stored on the system, in general terms. The Relationships represent actions that will
occur to the Data Entities, or Weak Entities. The Weak Entities represent data that does not exist, except in relation to a Data Entity. Data Dictionary
Below is a data dictionary used to demostrate how data will be represented in the computer system, and how different modules are inter...show more
content...
Outgoing Phone Number = Phone Number * Represents a call made from a room.* Password = STRING(8) * An position to maintain the password of
the user.* Phone Call = Bill To + Outgoing Phone Number + Start Time + Stop Time + Cost of Phone Call * Represents a phone call made from a
certain room. * Phone Number = [ 0 | 1 | .. | 9] + '– ' + [000 | 001 | ... | 999 ] + '– ' + [000 | 001 | ... | 999 ] + '– ' + [0000 | 0001 | .... | 9999] * Represents
a phone number.* Phone Service = {Phone Call} * A List of Phone Usages.* Price = $ + INT + [00 | 01 | .. | 99] * A Field which represents the price
for a Menu Item.* Price Per Night = $ + INT + '. ' + [00 | 01

Activity Figure Business
I believe that the descriptive studies have been utilized in this case. Since "Vicale chose to research the potential for the activity figure business.
Beginning with the Web, Vicale discovered many organizations were included around the world, some enormous and some little. "Hasbro was the
greatest player, however there were various others," portrayed Vicale. At that point he took his exploration to the retail environment. "In the toy store,
move figures make up the most path space, second just to electronic diversions. What's more, young ladies have an activity figure area, as well." * The
exploratory research discoveries animated Vicale's advantage. It was this proof of the greatness of the activity figure business, consolidated with an

Class diagram. A class diagram in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a type of static structure diagram that describes the structure of a
system by showing the system 's classes, their attributes, operations (or methods), and the relationships among objects. It is used both for
generalconceptual modelling of the systematics of the application, and for detailed modeling translating the models into programming code. For
data modeling class diagrams can also be used.The classes in a class diagram represent both the main elements, interactions in the application, and
the classes to be programmed. Sequence diagram. Sequence diagrams are used to show the objects behavior in a use case by describing the objects
and the messages which are passed. This diagram would provide a graphical representation of object interactions. These diagrams depicts how an
actor, objects and components interact . Sequence diagrams show the flow of messages from one object to another, and as also correspond to the
methods and events that are supported by an object. ER–diagrams. An entity–relationship model specifies the inter–related things of interest in a
distinct domain. An ER model is combination of entity types (which categorize the things) and specifies relationships that exist between epitome of
those entity types. ER model is more commonly formed to represent things that a business needs to remember for performing business processes.
Consequently, the ER model becomes an abstract data

Organization Structure Diagram
Organization structure diagram 1.2 The reports produced byt the company and the reasons they are produced The two basic fundamental accounting
reports that the business needs to produce are: The Balance Sheet The income or Profit and Loss Statement. Derivatives of these are the Cash Flow
Statement and the Tax Return. The Balance Sheet shows the company's financial standing at a given point in time, e.g. at the end of a year or at the
end of a month. It is called 'Balance' since financial assets on one side and liabilities plus owner's equity on the other side must balance (and certainly
not show a loss) for the company to be successful The Income of Loss statement shows the organization's performance over a given point in time and is
ongoing. Calculations must be honest and accurate according to government regulations such as the SOX for, otherwise, penalties are severe including
imprisonment, fine, and closure of business. The income statements show overall profit or loss of business and business progression. The Cash Flow
Statement is the document that is required for courtroom use for the fictional or quasi–fictional expenses that are not included in eh Income Statement.
One such instance may be "depreciation" where a lump sum is spread over a period of time. 'Amortization" is another instance where the lump–sum is
distributed for an intangible product over a certain period of time The Tax return comes from the income statement, which will be according to

Network Diagram And Design Management Planning
NETWORK DIAGRAM Formulating a network diagram, likewise alluded to as a logic diagram, in order to comprehend and envision how each task
will continue is an extraordinary path to begin. It is a basic idea within project management planning that is effectively utilising as a part of application,
commonly used as a part of assembling commercial enterprises, and also to outline and comprehend work processes are what service industries
requires. It distinctively shows the rational rules for influencing tasks. (Holland, 2014) The development of the network diagram by incorporating the
project team acquires an agreement of comprehension of how the undertaking ought to be accomplished. Nonetheless, giving a discussion to testing
acknowledged...show more content...
(Nishadha, 2015) Both definitions are attempting to pass on the same message, it may appear to be inverse in light of the fact that the first
definition is discussing the shortest duration whilst the second definition is discussing the longest way. Notwithstanding, they are both the same.
In this project, the critical path is the A + B + C + G + I + J = 3 + 4 + 4 + 2 + 2 + 1 = 16 days which consists the activities of pouring the foundation
which takes 3 days; building the frame takes 4 days as well as placing the roof; setting the rough–in frame takes 2 days as well as painting the garage;
and clean–up takes 1 day. To sum up, the duration of the project would take 16 working days, which means that there will be a deduction of $100 from
the $500 bonus due to the one–day extra work. Having 3 days of delay in electrical can affect the whole project. Therefore, the negotiation of 15
working days would exceed up to 18 days, which could cause the penalty of $300 ($100 per extra day). In order to minimise a project's critical path,
sequencing of tasks should be changed. On the off chance that one can do a project's tasks in alternate grouping to that initially proposed, one might
have the capacity to shorten the critical path. A level of intricacy by striving for shortening the critical path, which is primarily hazardous, is
unavoidably acquainted with the task. (Aydar, 2014) With a specific end goal to convey this shorter timescale, the critical path should be controlled

3 Newspaper Design Layouts: Gutenberg Diagram, Z–Pattern, And F–Pattern Several layout patterns are often recommended to take advantage of how
people scan or read through a design. 3 of the more common are the Gutenberg diagram, the z–pattern layout, and the f–pattern layout. Each offers
advice for where to place important information, but I think these patterns are often misunderstood and followed without thought to what they really
describe. I want to walk through the what and why of each pattern and then offer something else that gives you as a designer more control over where
your viewer's eye moves across your design. The Gutenberg Diagram The Gutenberg diagram describes a general pattern the eyes move through when
looking...show more content...
It's how we naturally read large blocks of text. This series of z–movements is sometimes referred to as a zig–zag pattern. If we continue to add more
zigs and zags to the pattern we ultimately end up with a series of near horizontal right and left movements as the diagonal portion of the z gets
shallower and shallower. Golden Triangle Pattern The z–pattern also leads to what's called a golden triangle pattern. If you take the first horizontal and
first diagonal movement and then close the shape you end up with a right triangle whose right angle is the top/left corner. This triangular area at the
top of the page will be the area most seen and the pattern suggests your most important information needs to placed inside of it. F–Pattern Layout The
f–pattern gets mentioned on the web and as you would expect it follows the shape of the letter F. I think Jacob Nielsen first suggested the pattern after
eye–tracking studies his company performed. What often gets lost in the f–pattern is that these original studies were done on text heavy designs and
search results. As with the other patterns the eye starts in the top/left, moves horizontally to the top/right and then comes back to the left edge before
making another horizontal sweep to the right. This second sweep

Examples Of Use Case Diagram
What Use Case Diagram is one of the models of UML Language that is used to analyze, construct, design, and document the artefacts of Software
Systems. Use case Diagram is one of the five models of UML Diagram that models and captures the dynamic behaviour of the software system.
Components of Use Case Diagrams Actor: It is an external entity that is present outside the model but interacts with the system. They perform the
functionalities captured within the use cases. Use Case: Use Cases capture the various functionality of the system. They describe what the system will
do. It arranges the various requirements in a linear order and also describes the various alternative approaches possible. The particular requirement is
written in oval structure.

PDSA Cycle Diagram Examples
Kelly, The PDSA cycle diagram presented and the run chart are exceptionally done. The PDSA cycle should be able to answer the following
questions: what exactly are we going to do, when and how we do it, what were the results, and what are we going to make based on our findings
(Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 2017). The PDSA presented answers all four questions thoroughly and precisely. According to the
Institute of Healthcare Improvement (n.d.) run charts assist improvement teams in establishing aims by showing how well or poorly a process is
working. Based on your run chart as stated, there was an increase in central line–associated blood stream infection (CLABSI) over four quarters. As
you implement your improvement project

Performance Measures
1. Measuring and improving performance
1.1 Performance measurement
The activity of measuring and assessing the various aspects of a process or whole operation's performance.
Performance here is defined as the degree to which an operation fulfils the five performance objectives at any point in time, in order to satisfy its
customers.
A polar diagram can be used to see how well the 5 dimensions of performance of the operation meet requirements of the market.
It is unlikely that for any operation a single measure of performance will adequately reflect the whole of a performance objective. Usually operations
have to collect a whole bundle of partial measures of performance.
What factors to include as performance...show more content...
* Non–competitive benchmarking – compare with organizations do not compete directly in the same markets. * Competitive benchmarking – a
comparison directly between competitors in the same, or similar, markets.
* Performance benchmarking – a comparison between the levels of achieved performance in different operations. E.g. compare its own performance in
terms of performance objectives – quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost– against other organizations' performance in the same dimensions.
* Practice benchmarking – a comparison between an organization's operations practices and those adopted by another operation. E.g. a large retail store
might compare its systems and procedures for controlling stock levels with a department store.
Criticism of Benchmarking * Information may be inaccurate * What works for one company doesn't necessarily work for another * Stifle innovative
thinking * Homogenises market
2. Improvement priorities
Two major influences on the way in which operations decide on their improvement priorities: * The needs and preferences of customers (shape the
importance of operations objectives) * The performance and activities of competitors (determining achieved performance)
Judging importance to customers * Order–winning: The competitive factors that directly and significantly contribute to winning business. *

Entity Relation Diagram

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