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ENHANCING EV SAFETY PERFORMANCE THROUGH ADVANCED BATTERY THERMAL MANAGEMENT .pptx
- 1. ENHANCING EV SAFETYPERFORMANCE THROUGH ADVANCED BATTERY THERMAL MANAGEMENT www.nrcmec.org BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PRESENTED BY MR. VOOTLA.MAHESH 23X05A0358 POWER POINT PRESENTATION ON
- 2. Electric Vehicle Battery CoolingSystems: An In- depth Seminar Join us for an insightful seminar delving into the critical aspects of electric vehicle battery cooling systems, essential for enhancing performance, longevity, and safety of EV batteries.
- 3. Understanding Heat Generationin Lithium- ion Battery Packs Heat generation in Li-ion batteries is primarily due to internal resistances and electrochemical reactions during charging and discharging cycles. Effective thermal management is vital to prevent thermal runaway. 1 Ohmic heating due to current flow through cell components. Internal Resistance 2 Degradation Effects Exothermic and endothermic reactions contributing to heat. Electrochemical Reactions Increased heat with battery ageing and capacity fade. 3
- 4. Air Cooling Passive (naturalconvection) Active (forced convection with fans) Liquid Cooling Direct (coolant in contact with cells) Indirect (coolant via cold plates) Classification of EV Battery Cooling Systems Battery cooling systems are categorised based on the medium and method used to dissipate heat, ensuring optimal operating temperatures for EV batteries. Phase Change Materials (PCMs) Classified Into Three Main Categories:- 1)Organic 2)In-Organic 3)Eutectics
- 5. Refrigeration Cooling System Activecooling with refrigerant cycles Highly effective for extreme conditions Ensures optimal battery performance Heat Pipe Cooling Efficient heat transfer mechanism Utilises phase change of working fluid Compact and reliable solution
- 6. Air Cooling Systems:Passive and Active Approaches Passive Air Cooling Active Air Cooling Relies on natural convection, suitable for low-power applications due to limited heat transfer capabilities. ● Natural airflow around cells ● Simple design, low cost ● Less effective ● Limited cooling capacity Uses fans or blowers to force air over battery cells, enhancing heat removal, ideal for moderate power outputs. ● Forced air circulation. ● Improved cooling efficiency. ● Requires power and can be noisy
- 7. Liquid Cooling Systems: Directand Indirect Methodologies Coolant directly contacts battery cells, offering superior heat transfer, often using dielectric fluids. Direct Liquid Cooling Coolant flows through channels or plates adjacent to cells, transferring heat via a cold plate. Indirect Liquid Cooling • Excellent temperature uniformity. • Complex sealing requirements. • Widely adopted for safety. • Slightly less efficient than direct. • High thermal conductivity. • Separates coolant from cells.
- 8. Advanced Cooling Phase ChangeMaterials Phase Change Materials (PCMs) absorb and release large amounts of latent heat during phase transitions (e.g., solid to liquid), maintaining battery temperature within an optimal range. PCMs melt to absorb excess heat from batteries. Does not require external power or complex controls. Maintains consistent battery temperature during operation. Latent Heat Absorption Temperature Stabilisation Passive & Reliable 1 2 3
- 9. Hybrid Battery CoolingSystems Air + PCM Liquid + PCM Air + Heat Pipe Utilises airflow with passive heat absorption. Liquid circulation combined with PCM's latent heat. Air cooling augmented by efficient heat pipe transfer.
- 10. Integration of CoolingSystems with Battery Management Systems (BMS) The BMS plays a crucial role in monitoring battery health and actively controlling the cooling system to ensure optimal thermal performance and safety. BMS monitors individual cell temperatures in real-time. Temperature Sensing BMS activates and regulates cooling components (pumps, fans). Cooling Control Fault Detection Identifies overheating risks and triggers safety protocols.
- 11. Integration of CoolingSystems with Battery Management Systems (BMS) Temperature Sensing BMS monitors individual cell temperatures to identify hot spots and prevent thermal runaway. Safety Protocols BMS initiates emergency shutdowns or power reductions if temperatures exceed safe limits. Control Algorithms BMS activates and regulates cooling systems (fans, pumps) based on real- time temperature data. Data Communication Seamless data exchange between thermal sensors and cooling actuators for precise control.
- 12. Challenges and Future Trendsin EV Battery Thermal Management Despite advancements, challenges remain in optimising thermal management systems, paving the way for innovative future trends. Current Challenges Future Trends • Energy consumption of active cooling. • Cost of advanced materials. • Ensuring uniform temperature distribution. • Integration of thermoelectric coolers. • Modular and scalable cooling solutions. • AI-driven predictive thermal management. • Solid-state cooling technologies. • Weight and volume of cooling systems.
- 13. Optimising Battery Performance andSafety Effective thermal management is paramount for extending battery lifespan, enhancing charging/discharging efficiency, and preventing critical safety incidents like thermal runaway. Maintaining optimal temperatures reduces degradation. Extended Lifespan Stable temperatures improve charge acceptance and power output. Prevents overheating and thermal runaway events. Safety Assurance Enhanced Efficiency
- 14. Conclusion Robust battery coolingsystems are indispensable for the sustainable development and widespread adoption of electric vehicles, directly impacting their performance, reliability, and safety. Critical Role: Thermal management is fundamental to EV battery longevity. Diverse Solutions: Air, liquid, and advanced cooling methods address varied needs. Future Outlook: Innovation continues to drive more efficient and safer systems.
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