The document explains the present perfect tense, detailing its structure, formation, and usage in English. It discusses how the tense links past actions to the present and contrasts it with the simple past tense. Additionally, it includes examples, negative and interrogative forms, and provides a vocabulary section with relevant terms.

1. Present Perfect Tense
Mohammad Elham Azimi

2. Present Perfect Tense
• An aspect of the verb expressing an action that began in the past
and which has recently been completed or continues into the
present. Also known as the present perfective or it shows and
action that has just completed.
• The present perfect is formed by combining has or have
with a past participle (Usually a verb ending in –d, -ed, or –n).

3. Structure
• Subject + have/has + past participle form of verb (3rd form) +
object.
• Example
• 1- He has eaten rice.
• 2- He has gone to college.
• 3- Mother has cooked rice.
• 4- We have played Cricket.

4. Use of Auxiliary Verb
• For third person singular number(He,she,It):has
• For others (plural subjects, I, we, you, they): have
• Negative Structure
• Subject + have not/ has not + past participle form of verb +
object/extension.
• Example
• 1- He has not eaten rice. (He hasn’t eaten rice.)
• 2- He has not gone to college. (He hasn’t gone to college.)
• 3- Mother has not cooked rice. (Mother hasn’t cooked rice.)
• 4- We have not played cricket. (We haven’t played cricket.)

5. Interrogative Structure
• Have/has + subject + past participle form of verb +
object/Extension
• Example
• 1- Has he eaten rice?
• 2- Have I gone to school?
• 3- Has mother cooked rice?
• 4- Have we played cricket?

6. Negative Interrogative Structure
• Have/has + subject + not + past participle form of verb +
object/extension
• Example
• 1- Has he not eaten rice?
• 2- Have I not gone to school?
• 3- Has mother not cooked rice?
• 4- Have we not played cricket?

7. The Usages of the Present Perfect
Tense

8. The Usages of the Present Perfect
Tense
• 1- We use the present perfect tense for those recent past actions
which started in the past and completed in the past at an
unknown/unstated time or where time is not important to
mention.
• Example
• 1- He has gone to knadagar. 2- They have bought a new car.
• 3- I have eaten food. 3- We have met them.

9. The Usages of the Present Perfect
Tense
• 2- We use the present perfect tense even with specified time when
we talk about an action which happened in the recent past but still
the same period continues in the present till the time of speaking.
• Example
• 1- I have met my many friends today. 2- I have worked too much
this morning.
• 3- The scientists have made many discoveries in this century.

10. The Usages of the Present Perfect
Tense
• It expresses an action, which started at some times in the past,
continuous to the present and may or may not go to the future.
• • Teach, Live, know, work, be are known as durative verbs,
which are used to indicate duration of an action.

11. •What is the difference between
Present Perfect Tense and Simple
Past Tense?

12. Present Perfect Tense Simple Past Tense
Focus: Links past actions to the present
Focus: Emphasizes completed actions in the
past
Time Reference: No specific time is
mentioned
Time Reference: A specific time is usually
mentioned.
Structure: has/have + past participle (e.g.,
“have eaten”)
Structure: Verb + -ed (for regular verbs) or
irregular verb form (e.g., “ate”)
Use: Actions with present relevance or
impact.
Use: Describes actions that are finished and
not related to the present.
Actions that started in the past and
continue.
Often includes a specific time frame (e.g.,
“yesterday,” last year”)
Can describe experiences without specifying
when.
Describes completed actions in the past.
Example: I have visited Paris. Example: I visited Paris last year.

13. Answer the Questions
• Answer these questions in Present Perfect Tense
• 1. Have you ever traveled to a foreign country?
• 2. What are some books you have read recently?
• 3. Have you ever seen a live concert?
• 4. How many languages have you learned so far?

14. Answer the Questions
• 5. Have you ever tried a new type of food?
• 6. What places have you visited during your summer break?
• 7. Have you met any famous people in person?
• 8. How often have you practiced playing a musical instrument?
• 9. Have you ever volunteered for a community project?
• 10. What experiences have you gained from your part-time job?

15. Thank You

16. Vocabulary

17. Northern (Adj)
If something is northern, it
is in the direction of north.
Example: It is much colder in
northern countries than it is
here.

18. Remote (adj)
If something is remote, it is very
far away and difficult to get to.
Example: It took many days
to get to the remote
island.

19. Southern (adj)
If something is southern,
it is in the direction of
south.
Example: Afghanistan has
many southern provinces.

20. Statue (n.)
A statue is an image of
a person or animal
made of stone or
metal.
Example: I saw a
beautiful statue of a
lion today.

21. Steam (n.)
Steam is water that has
become hot and has turned
into a misty gas.
Example: We could see the
steam rise from the boiling
water.

22. Submit (v)
To submit to someone is to
agree to do what they tell
you to do
Example: She submitted to
her mother’s wishes and
did her homework.

23. Temple (n)
A temple is a building
that is used for
religious purposes.
Example: The people
visited the temple to
pray.

24. Upper (adj)
Upper means higher in
position or place
Example: A home’s
attic is at the upper
part of the structure.

25. Weed (n)
A weed is a plant,
especially one that is
not useful or wanted
Example: The yard of
the house was full of
ugly weeds.

26. Wing (n)
A wing is the part of an
animal that lets it fly.
Example: The bird used
its wings to fly across
the water.

27. Idioms

28. Sitting duck
Someone who is easy to attack or easy to cheat
Example: We are sitting duck here exposed to the enemy’s
fire.

29. Sell someone down the river
To betray someone
Example: I can never sell my friends down the river

30. Phrasal Verb

31. Dress down
To wear clothes which are more informal than one
normally wears
Example: I think I was dressed down for that important
interview.

32. Dress up
To wear special Clothes
Example: Everyone was dressed up for the party elegantly.