The document discusses an English assignment on summaries of texts. It provides summaries of Nehru's "Tryst with Destiny" speech, the poem "Amalkanti", the poem "Sita", and Tagore's poem "Where

1. ENGLISH ASSIGNMENT
BY - RICHA DHIMOLE
BSC (BIOTECHNOLOGY)1 YEAR
ROLL NO. R21SC1BT0005

2. 1.TRYST WITH DESTINY (Summary)
- BY PANDIT JAMAHAR LAL NEHRU
-
• Jawaharlal Nehru was the first prime minister of India. He was a great statesman who
is responsible for all the progress of India. As the prime minister of India, Nehru
shaped the foreign policy of the country and gave gib support for the development of
science and technology Nehru was originally a lawyer but he was also an expert in most
other subjects. The people of India respected his vast knowledge and called
him 'Pundith Nehru'.
•
India won Independence from England on the 15th August, 1947. At the very stroke of
midnight in the clock, Nehru announced the happy news of the freedom of India to
the entire world. During the colorful ceremony held at New Delhi, the flag flag of
England was pulled down and the new tricolor national flag was hoisted. After that,
Nehru delivered a historic speech which is known as "Tryst with Destiny".

3. TRYST WITH DESTINY (Summary)
- BY PANDIT JAMAHAR LAL NEHRU
-
• Nehru began his speech by referring to the pledge made by Indians long years ago to win the freedom
for the homeland. Freedom has finally come and the long suppressed soul of the nation is liberated.
Nehru asks the people of India to dedicate themselves to the service of India and to the service of the
whole mankind.
• India emerged as a new nation in the early hours of 15th August, 1947. Behind this success lies the
long and great sacrifice done by the freedom fighters of many generations. According to Nehru, the
people in India will collect their courage from the principles of the past. The success celebrated on the
15th August is only an opportunity for great successes in future. He asks the people on India to accept
this challenge and to serve the future generation of India.

4. TRYST WITH DESTINY (Summary)
- BY PANDIT JAMAHAR LAL NEHRU
-
• Nehru reminds the people of India that freedom and power bring responsibility Before 1947, India used to
depend upon England for leadership and guidance. After 1947, India is her own master. The country has to
take its own decisions, learn from mistakes and move forward. India has to grow into a mature and wise
nation and be a model to other nations.
• Nehru feels that all Indians should work hard for the development of their dear nation. Doing service to
India means doing service to million of poor people who suffer all over the county. Nehru feels that the past
is over and it is the future that has to be taken care of. It is for the future generations that we have to
dedicate ourselves. Nehru urges the people to labor and to work hard to give reality to the dreams of the
nation. Those dreams are not only for India but for the entire world. According to Nehru. all the countries in
the world are closely connected. No one can live in isolation. Peace, freedom and prosperity are the common
property of all humanity. Nehru warns the people that disaster in one part of the world can affect everyone
else, because the world cannot be divide into small isolated pieces.

5. AMALKANTI (Summary)
- BY NIRENDRANATH CHAKRABORTI
• Amalkanti’ is a poem written originally in Bengali by Nirendranath
Chakrabarti but made available to all non-Bengali but English knowing
speakers in an English translation of the same by Sujit Mukherjee and
Meenakshi Mukherjee. The poem deals with a very common situation in
the lives of school-going children who often discuss what each one of
them wants to be when grown-up.
• Amalkanti is a friend of the speaker and the two are classmates. The
speaker tells us that Amalkanti was not very bright and in fact quite dull at
studies. But he had a dream unlike any other student in class. He wanted to
become sunlight! While the rest of the students followed conventional
paths and had common expectations in life which even got fulfilled,
Amalkanti’s dream was very different. ‘He wanted to be sunlight’.

6. AMALKANTI (Summary)
- BY NIRENDRANATH CHAKRABORTI
• This desire is very strong in Amalkanti’s heart but the poem ends by telling us that he could not become
sunlight. In fact he got a poorly paid job in a printing press and worked in a dark and dingy room. It is left
to the reader to read between the lines and determine as to who are the really successful people in this
poem. Is it the group of those youngsters who become doctors and lawyers without caring too deeply about
it or is it Amalkanti who is content with his lot even though not at all successful in the conventional terms?

7. SITA (Summary)
- BY TORU DUTT
• The poem "Sîta" is from Dutt's Ancient Ballads and Legends of
Hindustan (1882). It tells the story of "Three happy children in a
darkened room" being told the legend of Sîta by their mother.
The mother tells the children all about the scene of Sîta's
abandonment, ranging from the animals in the woods to the
presence of the "poet-anchorite" Valmiki, who wrote
the Ramayana. The children sympathize with the plight of Sîta,
but in the middle of the story, the mother is "hushed at last" by
an unknown figure, likely her husband. The poem ends with a
description of the children, rapt with attention at their mother's
story, and the last two lines consist of the speaker's nostalgia

8. SITA (Summary)
- BY TORU DUTT
• for the days when she—likely one of the children
herself—would gather around her mother and listen
intently to stories in the evenings.

9. ‘Where the Mind is Without Fear’
(Summary)
- BY RABINDRANATH TAGORE
• ‘Where the Mind is Without Fear’ was included in the volume called Naibedya. The
poem is a prayer to God to protect the nation from evil effects.
• The poem was written by Tagore during the time when India was under the British
Rule and people were eagerly waiting to get their freedom. It is a prayer to the
Almighty for a nation free from any kind of manipulative or corrupt powers. This
poem is a reflection of the poet’s good and ideal nature.
• He has utmost faith in God. He prays to God with all his heart that he
should guide the countrymen to work hard, speak the truth, be forward and
logical in approach.

10. ‘Where the Mind is Without Fear’
(Summary)
- BY RABINDRANATH TAGORE
• Rabindranath Tagore aspires to see his country and people in peace and prosper. He loves
his country a lot and wishes for its welfare.

11. 2. AMALKANTI CHARACTER
(Summary)
• The term “Amalkanti” means pure radiance and in the
poem, is the name of the main protagonist. Amalkanti’s
name suits his character very well as he wants to become
sunlight, which here refers to the source of inspiration.
Nirendranath Chakraborty has used the literary device
Irony to express whether Amalkanti is successful in
becoming sunlight or not. Irony is a device or a statement
in which the meaning that the speaker implies differs
strongly from the meaning that is expressed visibly.
• -BY NIRENDRANATH CHAKRABORTI

12. TRYST WITH DESTINY
CHARACTER (Summary)
The historic speech of Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru at the time of India's
independence on 15th August 1947 is known as "Tryst with Destiny."
In this speech Nehru began that Indians had long years ago dreamed of
freedom of homeland and now freedom has come and nation is liberated.
He further said that it is now the people who has to dedicate themselves to
the service of nation and service of mankind in the world.
He reminds people the sacrifices made by the freedom fighters of India and
now people of India had to maintain the freedom and work for the
development of India as a great nation.
- BY PANDIT JAMAHAR LAL NEHRU

13. DELHI IN 1857 CHARACTER
(Summary)
• Mirza Ghalib was an Urdu and Persian poet from India
during British colonial rule. His name was Mirza Asadullah
Baig. He was born on 27 December 1797 in Agra. His pen
name was Asad and Ghalib. He belonged to the Mughal
era. During his lifetime the Mughals were eclipsed and
displaced by the British and finally deposed following the
defeat of the Indian rebellion of 1857. He wrote several “
ghazals” during his life , which have since been interpreted
and sung in many different ways by different people.
Mirza Ghalib died at the age of 72 years on 15 February
1869.
- Mirza Ghalib

14. PREFACE TO MAHABHARATA
ARJUNA CHARACTER (Summary)
• Arjuna, one of the five Pandava brothers, who are the
heroes of the Indian epic the Mahabharata. Arjuna, son of
the god Indra, is famous for his archery (he can shoot with
either hand) and for the magical weapons that he wins from
the god Shiva. His hesitation before the decisive battle
against a branch of his family became the occasion for his
friend and charioteer, the incarnate god Krishna, to deliver a
discourse on dharma, or the right course of human action.
Those verses are collectively known as the Bhagavadgita.
• - BY C.Rajagopalachari

15. ‘Where the Mind is Without Fear’
CHARACTER (Summary)
- BY RABINDRANATH TAGORE
• Rabindranath Tagore (7 May, 1861 – 7 August, 1941) was born in
Kolkata. He was a polymath who wrote on various subjects and
reshaped Bengali Literature. Translations of his works were published
diversely.
• Tagore’s writings were highly imagistic, deeply religious and imbued
with his love of nature and his homeland. He was the first non-
European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature, in 1913.
• His compositions were chosen by two nations as national anthems:
India’s Jana Gana Mana and Bangladesh’s Amar Shonar Bangal. He is the
author of the famous work Gitanjali which was written in Bengali.

16. ‘Where the Mind is Without Fear’
CHARACTER (Summary)
- BY RABINDRANATH TAGORE
• This poem is a reflection of the poet’s good and ideal
nature.
• He has utmost faith in God. He prays to God with all
his heart that he should guide the countrymen to work
hard, speak the truth, be forward and logical in
approach. Rabindranath Tagore aspires to see his
country and people in peace and prosper.

17. 3.UNSEEN PASSAGES
Q.1 Read the passage carefully and answer the following question :-
Character is destiny. Character is that on which the destiny of a nation is built. One
cannot have a great nation with men of small character. We must have young men and
women who look upon others as the living image of themselves as our Shastras have
so often declared.
But whether in public life or student life, we cannot reach great heights, if we are
lacking in character. We can not climb the mountain when the ground at our feet is
crumbling. When the very basis of our structure is shaky how can we reach the heights
we have set before ourselves? We must all have humility. Here is a country which we
are all interested in building up for whatever service we take

18. UNSEEN PASSAGES
up, we should not care for what we receive. We should know how much we can put
into that service. That should be the principle which should animate our young men
and women. Ours is a great country, we have had for centuries a great history . The
whole of the East reflects our culture.
Questions & Answers :
1. What is the passage about?
Ans. This passage deals with the importance of character formation in moulding the
destiny of our nation.

19. UNSEEN PASSAGES
2. How can we reach the great heights we have set before ourselves?
Ans. We can reach the great heights we have set before ourselves if our character is built on a strong foundation
of sterling qualities.
3. What kind of young men and women must we have?
Ans. We must have young men and women who look upon others as the living images of themselves as our
Shastras have so often declared .
4.(a) We must have humility (Use auxiliary of advice)
(b) We cannot reach great heights. (Add a question tag)
Ans. (a) We should have humility.
(b) We cannot reach great heights, can we?

20. UNSEEN PASSAGES
Ans. (a) We should have humility.
(b) We cannot reach great heights, can we?
5. Find two other words in the passage with similar meanings to ‘confusing’
and self - dependent.
Ans. The word ‘perplexed’ means ‘confusing’ and the word ‘self - reliant’ means self-
dependent.
Q.2 Read the passage carefully and answer the following question :-

21. UNSEEN PASSAGES
Q.2 Read the passage carefully and answer the following question :-
Character is destiny. Character is that on which the destiny of a nation is built. One
cannot have a great nation with men of small character. We must have young men and
women who look upon others as the living image of themselves as our Shastras have
so often declared.
But whether in public life or student life, we cannot reach great heights, if we are
lacking in character. We can not climb the mountain when the ground at our feet is
crumbling .
- Questions & Answers :

22. UNSEEN PASSAGES
1. What is the passage about?
Ans. This passage deals with the importance of character formation in moulding the destiny of
our nation.
2. What kind of young men and women must we have?
Ans. We must have young men and women who look upon others as the living images of
themselves as our Shastras have so often declared
3. How can we reach the great heights we have set before ourselves?
Ans. We can reach the great heights we have set before ourselves if our character is built on a
strong foundation of sterling qualities

23. UNSEEN PASSAGES
4.(a) We must have humility. (Use auxiliary of advice)
(b) We cannot reach great heights. (Add a question tag)
Ans.(a) We should have humility.
(b) We cannot reach great heights, can we?
5. Why is ours a great country ?
Ans. Ours is a great country with a history that goes back for centuries. Its rich cultural heritage
makes it unique. It has also contributed a great deal to the world of knowledge and culture.

24. UNSEEN PASSAGES
Q.3 Read the passage carefully and answer the following question :-
• We left Dehradun early in the morning and stopped by for breakfast at Mussouri. From
Mussouri the picturesque road heads north to Yamuna bridge, then to Barkot (where one
road branches to Gangotri). The road winds along the Yamuna river. through luxurious
dense green vegetation to Hanumanchatti, the end of motorable road. The remaining
journey has to be undertaken on foot or pony.
• Yamunotri is only 13 km. from Hanumanchatti. But it is better to proceed another 6 km.
and have the night halt at Janakibaichatti. The journey to Yamunotri is simply breathtaking.
High snowcovered peaks all around, glaciers, streams and waterfalls, vibrant green foliage,
and the pristine air are a sheer delight to tired city lungs. Yamunotri, 3322 metres above sea
level, is located on the western bank of the great peak of Banderpunch (meaning - monkey’s
tail) which is 6315 metres high.

25. UNSEEN PASSAGES
- Questions & Answers :
1. Where did the travellers stop for breakfast?
Ans. The travellers stopped for breakfast at Mussouri.
2. Why is a part of the journey to Yamunotri to be undertaken on foot?
Ans. Part of the journey to Yamunotri is to be undertaken on foot because only a part of that
road is motorable.
3. What has made the journey to Yamunotri breathtaking?
Ans. The journey to Yamunotri is breathtaking because all around there are high snowcovered
peaks, glaciers, streams, waterfalls and vibrant green foliage. The air is pristine and therefore
fresh and delightful .

26. UNSEEN PASSAGES
4. (a) The remaining journey has to be undertaken on foot or pony. (Rewrite the sentence using
the appropriate form of modal auxiliary)
(b) Yamunotri, 3322 metres above sea-level is located on the western bank of the great peak of
Banderpunch. (Make it complex)
Ans. (a) The remaining journey must be undertaken on foot or pony.
(b) Yamunotri, which is 3,322 metres above sea-level, is located on the western bank of the
great peak of Banderpunch.
5. Do you think a journey of this kind is dangerous as well as pleasant? Why?

27. UNSEEN PASSAGES
Ans. No, I do not think this journey is dangerous but it is certainly pleasant and delightful. It is
not dangerous nowadays because the pony owners take reasonable care and the ponies are
trained to carefully carry the passengers. It is totally delightful because of the breathtaking
scenery and the clean, pure air.

28. 4.PARAGRAPH WRITING
(150 WORDS)
HEALTH
• “Health” in terms of definitions for humans means a state of the body that is totally free from
any illness or injury. Being healthy should be a part of our lifestyle as a whole. Good health and a
happy mind are priceless possessions that one can have. If one is healthy, he or she can always
work on getting wealth, however, wealth without good health is useless.
• Going on a daily walk, pursuing a hobby, staying fit, eating well can be various ways to maintain
your health. It is necessary to live a healthy life to prevent chronic diseases and short-term
illnesses. It is also important to feel good about yourself and take care of your health for
enhanced self-esteem and self-image. Good health brings us joy, happiness and gratefulness.
Adopting a healthy lifestyle by doing what is right for your body hence becomes really important
for us at a young age.

29. PARAGRAPH WRITING
(150 WORDS)
WE LIVE IN DEEDS , NOT IN YEARS
It is the quality of life that matters and not he number of years that one lives. One’s life has a
meaning and purpose only when it is of some use to the society. One should not live for oneself
because that does not require a great deal of effort. Some people are born rich and most of their
time is spent in enjoying life. But is it a life worth living? Certainly not, because most of it is spent in
meeting the carnal needs. Even if one lives for a hundred years and does not do anything that is
worthwhile or is useful to the society, he or she will not be remembered. On the other hand people
like Swami Vivekananda, who hardly lived for forty years, I remembered even today. His advice to
the youth arises, awake and stop not till the goal is reached” is recalled even today though it is nearly
a hundred years since he passed away. In the short span of life that he lived he started many
institutions under the Ramakrishna Mission to propagate his message of service. Indeed Swami
Vivekananda lived in deeds.

30. PARAGRAPH WRITING
(150 WORDS)
DISCIPLINE
• Discipline is the stepping stone to success. Who does not love a life of liberty and
independence? But certain limits to this liberty are exercised, to control the whims and
fancies. Discipline is needed to bring order in life. Without strict maintenance of discipline,
people lose focus in attaining success.
• A disciplined student succeeds in making a proper career, a disciplined team leaves its
impression on others. A country’s security is also ensured by a disciplined army. Rules appear
to be strict but when people follow these strictures, they become successful in the long run.
Everyone should inculcate discipline from their student life.

31. 5. ANTONYMS & SYNONYMS
S.No. Words Synonyms Antonyms
1. Acumen Awareness, brilliance Stupidity, Ignorance
2. Adhere Comply, observe Condemn, disjoin
3. Abolish Abrogate, annual Setup Establish
4. Abash Disconcert, rattle Uphold, Discompose
5. Abound Flourish, proliferate Deficient, Destitute
6. Abate Moderate, decrease Aggravate
7. Abject Despicable, servile Commendable, Praiseworthy
8. Abjure Forsake, renounce Approve, Sanction
9. Abortive Vain, unproductive Productive
10. Absolve Pardon, forgive Compel, Accuse

32. PARTS OF SPEECH
THE EIGHT PARTS OF SPEECH
There are eight parts of speech in the English language: noun, pronoun, verb,
adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. The part of speech
indicates how the word functions in meaning as well as grammatically within the
sentence.
1. NOUN
A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea.
EXAMPLE - man... Butte College... house... Happiness

33. PARTS OF SPEECH
2. PRONOUN
A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun.
EXAMPLE - She... we... they... It
3. VERB
A verb expresses action or being.
EXAMPLE - jump... is... write... Become
4. ADJECTIVE
An adjective modifies or describes a noun or pronoun.
EXAMPLE - pretty... old... blue... smart

34. PARTS OF SPEECH
5. ADVERB
An adverb modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
EXAMPLE - gently... extremely... carefully... Well
6. PREPOSITION
A preposition is a word placed before a noun or pronoun to form a phrase modifying another
word in the sentence.
EXAMPLE - by... with.... about... Until
7. CONJUNCTION
A conjunction joins words, phrases, or clauses.

35. PARTS OF SPEECH
EXAMPLE - and... but... or... while... Because
8. INTERJECTION
An interjection is a word used to express
emotion.
EXAMPLE - Oh!... Wow!... Oops!

36. HOMONYMS
- A homonym is a word that sounds the same as another word but differs in
meaning.
- Homonyms can refer to both homophones and homographs.
A homophone is a word that is pronounced the same as another word but
differs in meaning and is spelled differently.
Homographs are words with the same spelling but having more than one
meaning.

37. HOMONYMS
• List of Homonyms with Examples
• Address – Address
I can give you the address of a good attorney.
That letter was addressed to me.
• Band – Band
The band was playing old Beatles songs.
She always ties her hair back in a band.
• Bat – Bat
I am afraid of bats.
It’s his first time at bat in the major leagues.

38. HOMONYMS
• Match – Match
If you suspect a gas leak do not strike a match or use electricity.
Her fingerprints match those found at the scene of the crime.
• Mean – Mean
What does this sentence mean?
He needed to find a mean between frankness and rudeness.
• Right – Right
I’m sure I’m right.
Take a right turn at the intersection.

39. HOMONYMS
• Spring – Spring
I’m sorry to spring it on you, but I’ve been offered another job.
He was born in the spring of 1944.
• Stalk – Stalk
He ate the apple, stalk and all.
Snatching up my bag, I stalk out of the room.
• Well – Well
The conference was very well organized.
The dog fell down a well.
• Clip – Clip
They are clips from the new James Bond film.
The wire is held on with a metal clip.

40. ARTICLES SENTENCES
DEFINITION :- An article is a word that comes before a noun to show if it's
specific or general.
SOME SENTENCES BASED ON ARTICLES :-
• 1. Yesterday, I bought a blouse and a skirt. The blouse was surprisingly cheap,
but the skirt was more expensive.
• 2. I saw an accident of a car.
• 3. That is an excellent pencil.
• 4. Alex is training to be an engineer.

41. ARTICLES SENTENCES
• 5. I need a kilogram of salt.
• 6. The movie is perfect.
• 7. I was born in the west.
• 8. Excuse me, where is the your home?
• 9. This is a (Used in singular names that can be counted.)
• 10. You have finally found a (Used for something mentioned for the first
time.)

42. THANKYOU
SUBMITTED TO :- RESPECTED LATA MANDRAI MAM