K-pop, or Korean pop, is a musical genre that incorporates various sub-genres like hip hop and electro and has gained international popularity since the debut of Seo Taiji & Boys in 1992. The launch of talent agencies like SM Entertainment in the mid-90s helped shape the industry, culminating in global exposure through psy's 'Gangnam Style' in 2012. The K-pop phenomenon includes passionate fan engagement, cultural exchange, and challenges such as time zone differences and idol enlistment.