This document outlines a professional development session for teachers on teaching the concept of energy in science. The session explores common student misconceptions about energy, considers two models for teaching energy (transformation vs. transfer), and provides strategies for developing students' understanding of energy transfer in years 7-9. Key objectives include identifying contexts to introduce energy concepts, using questioning to help students explain phenomena in terms of energy, and refining lesson goals to make energy teaching explicit.

1. Key Stage 3 National Strategy Strengthening teaching and learning of energy in Key Stage 3 science

11. How teaching at Key Stage 2 underpins the key scientific idea of energy at Key Stage 3 Slide 1.11 6A Interdependence and adaptation 6G Changing circuits 6F How we see things 6E Forces in action 6D Reversible and irreversible changes 5A Keeping healthy 5F Changing sounds 5D Changing state

12. The links between Key Stages 2 and 3 Slide 1.12 6A Interdependence and adaptation 6G Changing circuits 6F How we see things 6E Forces in action 6D Reversible and irreversible changes 5A Keeping healthy 5F Changing sounds 5D Changing state Use a simple model of energy transfer in situations including food chains and webs and electric circuits Explain the importance and uses of stores of energy including food and fuels

16. Progression in the yearly teaching objectives for energy Slide 2.3 6A Interdependence and adaptation 6G Changing circuits 6F How we see things 6E Forces in action 6D Reversible and irreversible changes 5A Keeping healthy 5F Changing sounds 5D Changing state Use a simple model of energy transfer in situations including food chains and webs and electric circuits Explain the importance and uses of stores of energy including food and fuels

22. A ‘good enough’ teaching model for energy transfer in the context of eating food Slide 2.14 Energy stored in food Person Surroundings eating activity

32. Alternative ways of teaching (teaching models) about energy at Key Stage 3 Slide 3.8 Energy transformation Energy transfer Chemical Cell Electrical Electric current Bulb Light Heat Surroundings Light Heating

36. Slide 3.15

43. The yearly teaching objectives and progression in energy Slide 4.3 Year 8 Year 7 Use the energy transfer model to explain phenomena in familiar and unfamiliar contexts Heating Light Respiration Sound Ecology Rock cycle Food and digestion Chemical reactions Use a simple model of energy transfer in situations including food chains and webs and electric circuits Explain the importance and uses of stores of energy including food and fuels

55. Progression in the yearly teaching objectives for energy Slide 5.3 Year 8 Year 7 Use the energy transfer model to explain phenomena in familiar and unfamiliar contexts Heating Light Respiration Sound Ecology Rock cycle Food and digestion Chemical reactions Use a simple model of energy transfer in situations including food chains and webs and electric circuits Explain the importance and uses of stores of energy including food and fuels Recognise the idea of energy conservation as an accounting system and how this can be applied to energy transfers Apply energy conservation to explain energy dissipation and energy efficiency Year 9

58. Energy transfers in an electric torch electric current light heating heating Cell Filament bulb Energy in surroundings Energy in surroundings Slide 5.8

59. A Sankey diagram showing energy transfers in an electric torch Slide 5.9 Electric current Heating Heating Light Cell Bulb Surroundings Surroundings

60. Using tokens with Sankey diagrams Slide 5.10

64. How teaching at Key Stage 2 underpins the key idea of energy at Key Stage 3 Slide 5.17 6A Interdependence and adaptation 6G Changing circuits 6F How we see things 6E Forces in action 6D Reversible and irreversible changes 5A Keeping healthy 5F Changing sounds 5D Changing state Use a simple model of energy transfer in situations including food chains and webs and electric circuits Explain the importance and uses of stores of energy including food and fuels Year 7

66. Alternative energy models for teaching energy at Key Stage 3 Slide 5.19 Energy transformation Energy transfer Chemical Cell Electrical Electric current Bulb Light Heat Surroundings Light Heating

67. Progression in the yearly teaching objectives for energy Slide 5.20 Year 8 Year 7 Use the energy transfer model to explain phenomena in familiar and unfamiliar contexts Heating Light Respiration Sound Ecology Rock cycle Food and digestion Chemical reactions Use a simple model of energy transfer in situations including food chains and webs and electric circuits Explain the importance and uses of stores of energy including food and fuels Year 9

68. Progression in the yearly teaching objectives for energy Slide 5.21 Year 8 Year 7 Use the energy transfer model to explain phenomena in familiar and unfamiliar contexts Heating Light Respiration Sound Ecology Rock cycle Food and digestion Chemical reactions Use a simple model of energy transfer in situations including food chains and webs and electric circuits Explain the importance and uses of stores of energy including food and fuels Recognise the idea of energy conservation as an accounting system and how this can be applied to energy transfers Apply energy conservation to explain energy dissipation and energy efficiency Year 9