1. Experiments were conducted to determine if the type of feedback provided affects energy consumption.
2. The experiments tested three types of displays: numerical, analogue, and ambient. Numerical displays showed exact values, analogue displays showed comparative scales, and ambient displays conveyed information through pictures and lights without numbers.
3. The first experiment tested the displays in a laboratory and the second deployed the displays in a student residence to evaluate their real-world impact on energy consumption. The studies aimed to reduce energy use through raising awareness.
Aesthetic of Street Environment and the link to pedestrian activity posteraswin2812
This document outlines the scope and methodology for a research study investigating factors that influence people's perceptions of street environments and their decisions to walk or spend time in public places. The study will use qualitative methods like focus groups and interviews to understand how the presence of buildings, spaces, colors, street furniture, trees and flowers, traffic, pollution, and safety issues shape perceptions. Data will be collected from participants in selected areas of Leeds, UK and their comments on pictures and videos of street activities and environments. The significance of the research is that it could help inform policies and practices around urban design, street improvements, and developing more pedestrian-friendly communities.
A mind map summarizing a number of different approaches to decision making, prompted by a blog post musing over whether to trust the head or the heart in difficult decisions. These models indicate a balanced approach is best, taking both sides into account.
The document discusses a student project to design a spa retreat in Los Angeles that promotes wellness through water therapy and nature. The goal is to research and develop spatial and experiential proposals for the spa. It will be located where urban LA meets the mountains, using the natural setting. The spa project was integrated across the student's classes and this book serves to document the multi-disciplinary design process.
1. The document provides an analysis of the current environment at Acme Company in January 2010. It uses a grid to plot where an individual's tendencies fall on various scales from analytic to expressive, and task-oriented to relationship-oriented.
2. The grid identifies 16 different tendencies or styles and plots them on a scale from -4 to +4. It also provides an overall team effectiveness score of 3.6, which is in the "green" or productive range.
3. The analysis aims to understand team dynamics and identify both productive tendencies at +4 or higher, and less productive tendencies at -4 or lower.
This document provides an overview of a conceptual models course taken by students Kim Dowd, Chongho Lee, and Scott Sykora, taught by Miso Kim in spring 2011 at Carnegie Mellon University. It outlines the process the students took to develop 3D models, including brainstorming related to islands, narrowing topics to design-focused areas, and exploring how to visually tell stories through the models. Drafts and inspirations for two models are mentioned, focusing on capturing small designer experiences and using pixel art to engage other designers.
Rachel Galvan
This commercial enterprise newspaper is an authorized publication for members of the Department of Defense. Contents of the Mountaineer are not necessarily the official view of, or endorsed by, the U.S. Government or the Department of the Army. Printed circulation is 8,000 copies.
The editorial content of the Mountaineer is the responsibility of the Public Affairs Office, Fort Carson, CO 80913-5119, Tel.: 526-4144. The e-mail address is editor@fortcarsonmountaineer.com.
The Mountaineer is posted online at http://www.fortcarsonmountaineer.com.
The Mountaineer is an unofficial publication
The GEM (General Enterprise Management) methodology provides an ontology and categories for modeling an enterprise. It defines object categories like locations, organizations, functions, processes, and resources. It also defines relation types like containment, sequence, reference, and change. Primary assertions use these categories and relations to model facts about how objects in the enterprise are related, such as an organization being located somewhere, performing functions, and using resources. The methodology also outlines a management life cycle for applying the modeling to functions like intelligence management, enterprise operations management, and mission management.
Towards participatory ecosystem-based planning in Indonesia: a case study in ...CIFOR-ICRAF
Communities in Indonesia’s Tanimbar Archipelago retain strong traditional resource management systems and have a history of resisting exploitation of their fragile islands by outsiders. But Tanimbar is poor and remote, so there is a desire for development. In this presentation, Yves Laumonier describes how a joint project with the International Center for Research in Agricultural Developmnet (CIRAD), CIFOR, and Birdlife Indonesia, successfully combined local concerns and national priorities in land-use planning using an participatory, ecosystem-based approach. The presentation, which has implications for community-based land-use planning in other parts of Indonesia, was given on 6 December 2011 at the 25th international congress of the Society for Conservation Biology. The theme of the congress was ‘Engaging Society in Conservation’ and more than 1,300 scientists, practitioners and students of conservation biology from around the globe attended.
Aesthetic of Street Environment and the link to pedestrian activity posteraswin2812
This document outlines the scope and methodology for a research study investigating factors that influence people's perceptions of street environments and their decisions to walk or spend time in public places. The study will use qualitative methods like focus groups and interviews to understand how the presence of buildings, spaces, colors, street furniture, trees and flowers, traffic, pollution, and safety issues shape perceptions. Data will be collected from participants in selected areas of Leeds, UK and their comments on pictures and videos of street activities and environments. The significance of the research is that it could help inform policies and practices around urban design, street improvements, and developing more pedestrian-friendly communities.
A mind map summarizing a number of different approaches to decision making, prompted by a blog post musing over whether to trust the head or the heart in difficult decisions. These models indicate a balanced approach is best, taking both sides into account.
The document discusses a student project to design a spa retreat in Los Angeles that promotes wellness through water therapy and nature. The goal is to research and develop spatial and experiential proposals for the spa. It will be located where urban LA meets the mountains, using the natural setting. The spa project was integrated across the student's classes and this book serves to document the multi-disciplinary design process.
1. The document provides an analysis of the current environment at Acme Company in January 2010. It uses a grid to plot where an individual's tendencies fall on various scales from analytic to expressive, and task-oriented to relationship-oriented.
2. The grid identifies 16 different tendencies or styles and plots them on a scale from -4 to +4. It also provides an overall team effectiveness score of 3.6, which is in the "green" or productive range.
3. The analysis aims to understand team dynamics and identify both productive tendencies at +4 or higher, and less productive tendencies at -4 or lower.
This document provides an overview of a conceptual models course taken by students Kim Dowd, Chongho Lee, and Scott Sykora, taught by Miso Kim in spring 2011 at Carnegie Mellon University. It outlines the process the students took to develop 3D models, including brainstorming related to islands, narrowing topics to design-focused areas, and exploring how to visually tell stories through the models. Drafts and inspirations for two models are mentioned, focusing on capturing small designer experiences and using pixel art to engage other designers.
Rachel Galvan
This commercial enterprise newspaper is an authorized publication for members of the Department of Defense. Contents of the Mountaineer are not necessarily the official view of, or endorsed by, the U.S. Government or the Department of the Army. Printed circulation is 8,000 copies.
The editorial content of the Mountaineer is the responsibility of the Public Affairs Office, Fort Carson, CO 80913-5119, Tel.: 526-4144. The e-mail address is editor@fortcarsonmountaineer.com.
The Mountaineer is posted online at http://www.fortcarsonmountaineer.com.
The Mountaineer is an unofficial publication
The GEM (General Enterprise Management) methodology provides an ontology and categories for modeling an enterprise. It defines object categories like locations, organizations, functions, processes, and resources. It also defines relation types like containment, sequence, reference, and change. Primary assertions use these categories and relations to model facts about how objects in the enterprise are related, such as an organization being located somewhere, performing functions, and using resources. The methodology also outlines a management life cycle for applying the modeling to functions like intelligence management, enterprise operations management, and mission management.
Towards participatory ecosystem-based planning in Indonesia: a case study in ...CIFOR-ICRAF
Communities in Indonesia’s Tanimbar Archipelago retain strong traditional resource management systems and have a history of resisting exploitation of their fragile islands by outsiders. But Tanimbar is poor and remote, so there is a desire for development. In this presentation, Yves Laumonier describes how a joint project with the International Center for Research in Agricultural Developmnet (CIRAD), CIFOR, and Birdlife Indonesia, successfully combined local concerns and national priorities in land-use planning using an participatory, ecosystem-based approach. The presentation, which has implications for community-based land-use planning in other parts of Indonesia, was given on 6 December 2011 at the 25th international congress of the Society for Conservation Biology. The theme of the congress was ‘Engaging Society in Conservation’ and more than 1,300 scientists, practitioners and students of conservation biology from around the globe attended.
Abstract:
A large number of world's political leaders have at one time or other were baptised through the fires of militancy. Others, who opposed the militants have also appeared in the political battlements. Comparing the leadership strategies, tactics and styles employed by these leaders to conventional leadership thoughts gives us patterns to learn and emulate. In a course covering 300 slides, this presentation goes through the gamut of militancy, terrorism, counter-terrorism, communication, leadership and lessons we can learn from the past to meet today's global challenges.
JEL Classifications: A10, D20, D40, D70, D90, E20, L10, L80, M10, M31, P13 L00, M1, M12, M14, D70, D74, D78, D79, L14, M1
This summary provides the key details about the upcoming March 16 vote on facilities improvements and the Community Critters club at Corning Painted Post East High School:
1) On March 16, there will be a second vote for the school district's Alternative C facilities plan, which failed to pass in the first vote on December 15. This vote aims to determine the fate of improvements and school closures under the plan.
2) The Community Critters club at the high school promotes animal welfare issues and supports local animal shelters through fundraising and volunteer activities.
3) The club hopes to gain more members and student involvement to help organize further community projects that benefit animals in the area.
NAB 2013 - Amit Seth - Video Advertising MetricsAmit Seth
The document discusses metrics for measuring the effectiveness of video advertising across platforms. It analyzes how consumption of TV content is growing digitally and viewers are multi-tasking across screens. The best metrics address who an ad reached, how it impacted attitudes, and what it motivated viewers to do. Nielsen provides solutions to measure these factors for TV, online displays, social media, tablets, and mobile to help optimize advertising spend.
Tg science q2 efficient energy transferComp Lab Man
The document outlines a 15-day unit on efficient energy transfer for secondary students. It includes:
1) Performance standards requiring students to advocate for efficient energy use through a group project.
2) Topics on energy transfer, conservation of energy, and human impacts on the thermal environment.
3) A stage 2 product where students conduct an advocacy activity assessed on criteria like creativity, relevance, and cooperation.
4) A stage 3 teaching sequence where students assess prior knowledge, learn about efficient energy transfer, and use various resources to understand topics like heat and thermal energy transfer.
ex of my work for client: Corporate Back Office suite On CloudPravin Gandhi
This document describes C.Boss, a cloud-based corporate back office software service for small and medium non-manufacturing companies. It offers various business systems like procurement, inventory management, asset management, financial accounting, and HR/payroll without any upfront investment, licensing fees, or maintenance contracts. Users pay only for the systems they need on a subscription basis and have unlimited users, locations, and usage across multiple group companies. The software aims to simplify IT for sectors like retail, hospitality, media, and healthcare.
OP27: Contrasting Benchmark Sites on Bio-physical and Socio-economic Charact...CSM _BGBD biodiversity
This document summarizes the objectives, data collection methods, and initial findings of a study comparing 15 benchmark sites across multiple countries in order to characterize the bio-physical, socio-economic, and political environments that impact conservation and management of below-ground biodiversity. The study aims to identify constraints and opportunities for adopting conservation strategies, and to provide context for experimental demonstration projects. Data was collected through soil and land use surveys, socioeconomic questionnaires, and reviews of literature and existing data. Preliminary results found variation across sites in climate, topography, soils, land use history, and farmer practices.
Commercial grew its revenue by 25% in 2010 even as the overall market grew more slowly. It has invested in sustainability initiatives since 2006 to reduce its environmental impact. Some highlights include reducing electricity usage by 35%, carbon emissions by 75%, and waste by 90%. Over 40% of staff participated in the Green Ambassadors program in the first year, and the program has helped save over 500 tonnes of carbon. A survey found 96% of staff feel involved in the sustainability program and 92% are proud to share it with others. The company has also helped customers implement sustainability programs and plans to continue investing in people and systems to sustain its growth trajectory.
This presentation introduces the topic of subject-verb agreement and some of the difficulties associated with it. It explores how singular and plural subjects require singular and plural verbs respectively. It also discusses how certain indefinite pronouns like "everyone" are always singular, and how phrases between subjects and verbs don't impact the agreement. The document provides examples of subject-verb agreements with collective nouns, fractions, and expletive constructions. It concludes by emphasizing a review of the material to avoid subject-verb agreement issues.
At-Bristol reduced its carbon emissions by 12% over 12 months through monitoring energy usage, forming an energy reduction team, improving staff behavior and technology, and encouraging involvement. Key steps included installing sensors to track appliance usage, optimizing building operations, introducing LED lighting, and planning a solar panel array. Through data analysis and staff engagement, total emissions fell from 923,632 kg to 816,852 kg of carbon dioxide.
Enjoy life while you can still be active. Visit places you want to see and spend time with friends and family. Do not wait until it is too late to do things you want to do or regret not doing. Also, treat yourself well as you age by eating foods you enjoy in moderation. Maintain a positive outlook about health issues, take care of any outstanding matters, and let doctors handle your physical health while focusing on your own mental well-being. Make the most of each day by smiling, laughing, and finding happiness in life as it is a journey that does not turn back.
Climate SW - Increase your resilience to climate change - WECC 26 Feb 2014wecc2012
This document summarizes a presentation on building resilience to extreme weather and climate change. It discusses the impacts of climate change in the UK, including more frequent and intense extreme weather events. It outlines recommendations from the National Adaptation Programme to improve resilience in various sectors. It also provides information on tools and resources to help businesses increase their climate resilience, such as a Business Resilience Health Check tool and guidance from organizations like Climate UK.
Mark Letcher Climate Works WECC 09 12-2013wecc2012
The document discusses business energy efficiency and carbon reduction. It addresses why reducing energy usage and carbon emissions is important, as well as how companies can achieve these goals. Rising energy prices provide an incentive for efficiency improvements. The document then outlines various strategies companies can use, such as walk-through energy audits and engaging employees. New approaches are proposed like sharing energy assets between companies to reduce costs. The overall message is that major changes are coming due to climate and energy concerns, so businesses should start implementing efficiency measures now.
This document discusses B&G's current and future product roadmaps. It outlines B&G's current product offerings like the AB500 and PAO. The document then discusses the "Pegasus System Concept" which would support 8 simultaneous touch points and include features like teleconferencing, on-board processing, and wireless connectivity. It also summarizes the software for the 2012 IDCS system, including ActivInspire 1.8, ActivOffice PPT 1.2, and potential STEM apps. Finally, it mentions new features for the 2012 ActivClassroom like the "Tokeniser" for tracking inputs on ActivTables and "Concerto" for simple sharing across devices.
Gregg Latchams - Walking the Walk - Buildings and Behaviour April 2014wecc2012
Mike Gupwell from Gregg Latchams outlines how the law firm have gone green in their listed building which led them to win a WECC Carbon Champion award in 2013.
Low Carbon South West - WECC - Buildings and Behaviour - April 2014wecc2012
The WECC (West of England Carbon Challenge) is a network of businesses and organizations in the Bristol and Bath region working to become more sustainable. It functions like a fitness club by providing networking events, expert speakers, case studies, and tools to help members improve sustainability but on a larger scale by working together. The document outlines some examples of initiatives members like Parsons Brinckerhoff, Pukka Herbs, Buro Happold, and Back to the Planet have undertaken. These include reducing air travel emissions, installing energy efficient equipment, and measuring sustainability progress. The WECC aims to build a network of green businesses in Bristol and encourages joining which is free and offers benefits like networking, resources, and positive publicity.
At Bristol - Buildings and Behaviour April 2014wecc2012
Chris Dunford, Sustainability Manager of At-Bristol outlines way in which the three time WECC award winning Science Centre has adopted a mixture of technical and behavioral fixes to achieve sustainability at their award winning educational centre and event space.
West of England Carbon Challenge Case Studies - Buro Happold 26 Feb 2014wecc2012
The document provides case studies on how various organizations have reduced their environmental impact and energy costs. It describes initiatives taken by organizations like Fosters Event Catering, Higher Education Funding Council for England, Pukka Herbs, UWE, and Stride Treglown to improve energy efficiency through actions like installing more efficient lighting and boilers, insulating buildings, encouraging sustainable transportation, and engaging staff. It emphasizes the importance of monitoring energy use, communicating progress to staff, and involving staff to help build a green organizational culture.
Abstract:
A large number of world's political leaders have at one time or other were baptised through the fires of militancy. Others, who opposed the militants have also appeared in the political battlements. Comparing the leadership strategies, tactics and styles employed by these leaders to conventional leadership thoughts gives us patterns to learn and emulate. In a course covering 300 slides, this presentation goes through the gamut of militancy, terrorism, counter-terrorism, communication, leadership and lessons we can learn from the past to meet today's global challenges.
JEL Classifications: A10, D20, D40, D70, D90, E20, L10, L80, M10, M31, P13 L00, M1, M12, M14, D70, D74, D78, D79, L14, M1
This summary provides the key details about the upcoming March 16 vote on facilities improvements and the Community Critters club at Corning Painted Post East High School:
1) On March 16, there will be a second vote for the school district's Alternative C facilities plan, which failed to pass in the first vote on December 15. This vote aims to determine the fate of improvements and school closures under the plan.
2) The Community Critters club at the high school promotes animal welfare issues and supports local animal shelters through fundraising and volunteer activities.
3) The club hopes to gain more members and student involvement to help organize further community projects that benefit animals in the area.
NAB 2013 - Amit Seth - Video Advertising MetricsAmit Seth
The document discusses metrics for measuring the effectiveness of video advertising across platforms. It analyzes how consumption of TV content is growing digitally and viewers are multi-tasking across screens. The best metrics address who an ad reached, how it impacted attitudes, and what it motivated viewers to do. Nielsen provides solutions to measure these factors for TV, online displays, social media, tablets, and mobile to help optimize advertising spend.
Tg science q2 efficient energy transferComp Lab Man
The document outlines a 15-day unit on efficient energy transfer for secondary students. It includes:
1) Performance standards requiring students to advocate for efficient energy use through a group project.
2) Topics on energy transfer, conservation of energy, and human impacts on the thermal environment.
3) A stage 2 product where students conduct an advocacy activity assessed on criteria like creativity, relevance, and cooperation.
4) A stage 3 teaching sequence where students assess prior knowledge, learn about efficient energy transfer, and use various resources to understand topics like heat and thermal energy transfer.
ex of my work for client: Corporate Back Office suite On CloudPravin Gandhi
This document describes C.Boss, a cloud-based corporate back office software service for small and medium non-manufacturing companies. It offers various business systems like procurement, inventory management, asset management, financial accounting, and HR/payroll without any upfront investment, licensing fees, or maintenance contracts. Users pay only for the systems they need on a subscription basis and have unlimited users, locations, and usage across multiple group companies. The software aims to simplify IT for sectors like retail, hospitality, media, and healthcare.
OP27: Contrasting Benchmark Sites on Bio-physical and Socio-economic Charact...CSM _BGBD biodiversity
This document summarizes the objectives, data collection methods, and initial findings of a study comparing 15 benchmark sites across multiple countries in order to characterize the bio-physical, socio-economic, and political environments that impact conservation and management of below-ground biodiversity. The study aims to identify constraints and opportunities for adopting conservation strategies, and to provide context for experimental demonstration projects. Data was collected through soil and land use surveys, socioeconomic questionnaires, and reviews of literature and existing data. Preliminary results found variation across sites in climate, topography, soils, land use history, and farmer practices.
Commercial grew its revenue by 25% in 2010 even as the overall market grew more slowly. It has invested in sustainability initiatives since 2006 to reduce its environmental impact. Some highlights include reducing electricity usage by 35%, carbon emissions by 75%, and waste by 90%. Over 40% of staff participated in the Green Ambassadors program in the first year, and the program has helped save over 500 tonnes of carbon. A survey found 96% of staff feel involved in the sustainability program and 92% are proud to share it with others. The company has also helped customers implement sustainability programs and plans to continue investing in people and systems to sustain its growth trajectory.
This presentation introduces the topic of subject-verb agreement and some of the difficulties associated with it. It explores how singular and plural subjects require singular and plural verbs respectively. It also discusses how certain indefinite pronouns like "everyone" are always singular, and how phrases between subjects and verbs don't impact the agreement. The document provides examples of subject-verb agreements with collective nouns, fractions, and expletive constructions. It concludes by emphasizing a review of the material to avoid subject-verb agreement issues.
At-Bristol reduced its carbon emissions by 12% over 12 months through monitoring energy usage, forming an energy reduction team, improving staff behavior and technology, and encouraging involvement. Key steps included installing sensors to track appliance usage, optimizing building operations, introducing LED lighting, and planning a solar panel array. Through data analysis and staff engagement, total emissions fell from 923,632 kg to 816,852 kg of carbon dioxide.
Enjoy life while you can still be active. Visit places you want to see and spend time with friends and family. Do not wait until it is too late to do things you want to do or regret not doing. Also, treat yourself well as you age by eating foods you enjoy in moderation. Maintain a positive outlook about health issues, take care of any outstanding matters, and let doctors handle your physical health while focusing on your own mental well-being. Make the most of each day by smiling, laughing, and finding happiness in life as it is a journey that does not turn back.
Climate SW - Increase your resilience to climate change - WECC 26 Feb 2014wecc2012
This document summarizes a presentation on building resilience to extreme weather and climate change. It discusses the impacts of climate change in the UK, including more frequent and intense extreme weather events. It outlines recommendations from the National Adaptation Programme to improve resilience in various sectors. It also provides information on tools and resources to help businesses increase their climate resilience, such as a Business Resilience Health Check tool and guidance from organizations like Climate UK.
Mark Letcher Climate Works WECC 09 12-2013wecc2012
The document discusses business energy efficiency and carbon reduction. It addresses why reducing energy usage and carbon emissions is important, as well as how companies can achieve these goals. Rising energy prices provide an incentive for efficiency improvements. The document then outlines various strategies companies can use, such as walk-through energy audits and engaging employees. New approaches are proposed like sharing energy assets between companies to reduce costs. The overall message is that major changes are coming due to climate and energy concerns, so businesses should start implementing efficiency measures now.
This document discusses B&G's current and future product roadmaps. It outlines B&G's current product offerings like the AB500 and PAO. The document then discusses the "Pegasus System Concept" which would support 8 simultaneous touch points and include features like teleconferencing, on-board processing, and wireless connectivity. It also summarizes the software for the 2012 IDCS system, including ActivInspire 1.8, ActivOffice PPT 1.2, and potential STEM apps. Finally, it mentions new features for the 2012 ActivClassroom like the "Tokeniser" for tracking inputs on ActivTables and "Concerto" for simple sharing across devices.
Gregg Latchams - Walking the Walk - Buildings and Behaviour April 2014wecc2012
Mike Gupwell from Gregg Latchams outlines how the law firm have gone green in their listed building which led them to win a WECC Carbon Champion award in 2013.
Low Carbon South West - WECC - Buildings and Behaviour - April 2014wecc2012
The WECC (West of England Carbon Challenge) is a network of businesses and organizations in the Bristol and Bath region working to become more sustainable. It functions like a fitness club by providing networking events, expert speakers, case studies, and tools to help members improve sustainability but on a larger scale by working together. The document outlines some examples of initiatives members like Parsons Brinckerhoff, Pukka Herbs, Buro Happold, and Back to the Planet have undertaken. These include reducing air travel emissions, installing energy efficient equipment, and measuring sustainability progress. The WECC aims to build a network of green businesses in Bristol and encourages joining which is free and offers benefits like networking, resources, and positive publicity.
At Bristol - Buildings and Behaviour April 2014wecc2012
Chris Dunford, Sustainability Manager of At-Bristol outlines way in which the three time WECC award winning Science Centre has adopted a mixture of technical and behavioral fixes to achieve sustainability at their award winning educational centre and event space.
West of England Carbon Challenge Case Studies - Buro Happold 26 Feb 2014wecc2012
The document provides case studies on how various organizations have reduced their environmental impact and energy costs. It describes initiatives taken by organizations like Fosters Event Catering, Higher Education Funding Council for England, Pukka Herbs, UWE, and Stride Treglown to improve energy efficiency through actions like installing more efficient lighting and boilers, insulating buildings, encouraging sustainable transportation, and engaging staff. It emphasizes the importance of monitoring energy use, communicating progress to staff, and involving staff to help build a green organizational culture.
Here are a few key points to consider in maintaining sustainability as an ongoing priority:
- Make it part of strategic/business planning so goals and progress are regularly reviewed at senior levels
- Collect and share data to demonstrate impacts and keep stakeholders engaged through measurable results
- Engage cross-functional teams to integrate sustainability into day-to-day operations and decision-making
- Communicate successes and ongoing initiatives to maintain awareness and momentum for further progress
- Consider both intended and potential unintended consequences when implementing new measures through impact assessments
- Remain open to new technologies and best practices to continually improve upon existing efforts
The strategic approach is maintaining sustainability as a living, evolving priority through collaborative leadership, measurement,
This document discusses key trends and challenges related to energy and sustainability, including:
- Population growth, urbanization, and resource scarcity are putting pressure on systems and driving commodity price increases.
- Climate change science indicates the need for immediate and steep emissions reductions, but international political agreements have had limited progress.
- Technologies are becoming more ubiquitous and transparency around sustainability impacts is increasing for companies and organizations.
- Sustainability is becoming more important for resilience, risk management, and long-term value, though cultural and economic challenges remain in fully adopting sustainability.
- Major systemic shifts are expected, such as from property as isolated assets to integrated community and energy systems.
The document outlines six common mistakes companies make regarding energy management and sustainability. It discusses the key drivers of energy change, risk areas, stages of the energy opportunity path, and delivery routes for energy solutions. The six mistakes are: 1) not bundling solutions, 2) not thinking laterally, 3) buying equipment solely for being eco-friendly, 4) forgetting that buildings deliver sustainability, not individual elements, 5) confusing sustainability with short-term cost savings, and 6) forgetting to recover energy at the end of the process. The document advocates working with expert partners to develop integrated, end-to-end energy performance contracts.
The document discusses how to engage employees by providing direction on company goals and strategy, ensuring clear performance expectations that are aligned to the business planning cycle, building employee capabilities through training, and gaining involvement by communicating in existing forums and empowering advocates. The overarching goals by 2020 are to help 1 billion people improve their health and wellbeing, halve the environmental footprint of products, and source 100% of agricultural raw materials sustainably.
The document discusses how to engage employees by providing direction on company goals and strategy, ensuring clear performance expectations that are aligned to the business planning cycle, building employee capabilities through training, and promoting involvement by empowering employees to help adapt the strategy. The key aspects of engaging employees are communicating direction, linking individual performance to strategy, developing skills, and gaining ownership of the strategy.
The document summarizes a network event where major employers discussed engaging staff in sustainability initiatives. Attendees represented over 70,000 employees in the region. Presentations covered the challenges of gaining senior commitment and staff buy-in for climate issues. Experts stressed integrating sustainability across all business activities and linking initiatives to organizational vision and cost savings. O2's "Think Big" campaign was presented as a case study, focusing on demonstrating financial impacts, inclusive messaging, clear goals, and flexibility to engage diverse staff. Post-event resources on further staff engagement topics were also listed.
Think big o2's engagement programme the jounrey to 2012wecc2012
This document outlines O2's "Think Big" sustainability initiative to become leaders in sustainability. It discusses issues like the large number of missing phones and harm to people and the planet from things like conflict minerals and pollution. It then describes O2's 6 step plan called "The Big 6" to embed sustainability into business objectives and empower employees to design and lead sustainability programs. The plan includes reducing impacts from travel, energy and waste and supporting young people. It discusses challenges of engaging different people and the importance of leadership, storytelling and having fun to fully embed sustainability.
The document discusses tools for reducing energy demand such as the Green Deal and Energy Company Obligation programs in the UK. It notes that while tools for demand reduction are being developed, the key challenge is generating demand for their use. It suggests reframing questions around low carbon contributions rather than emissions cuts. Motivating savings rather than waste is also discussed. Setting energy efficient exemplars in normal homes, not just super homes, could help make low carbon living normal. Reinvigorating citizens as active influencers rather than passive consumers is presented as important for increasing demand.
The document discusses opportunities for reducing carbon emissions through the use of information technology, including online services, print-on-demand, remote working, and decision support systems. It cautions that the full costs and indirect effects of these IT solutions on the wider system should be considered, such as potential rebound effects or changes in behavior. The document encourages thinking about how these approaches could be applied positively in businesses and which applications might have the most impact, while also remembering to consider the warnings and think systemically.
Aardman Animations faces challenges with large data storage and server needs required to support its animation productions. It currently stores over 500 petabytes of data when in full production. To address this, Aardman has virtualized servers, reducing physical servers from over 150 to just 5. This saved over 100,000 kilowatt hours per year in energy and cooling costs, equivalent to a 45 ton reduction in CO2 emissions. Aardman also moved to high density disk arrays, saving another 36,000 kilowatt hours annually. Future plans include increasing virtualization and remote working to further reduce energy use and carbon footprint.
This document discusses outsourcing as a low-carbon way to reduce emissions and become more sustainable. It explores how outsourcing data center operations can help lower an organization's carbon footprint by taking advantage of efficiencies of scale in areas like physical space, networking, cooling and power. However, it also notes challenges in determining responsibilities for emissions across organizational boundaries. The future may see a greater focus on scope 3 emissions throughout supply chains.
Horizon House is a sustainable office building that achieved multiple business and environmental goals for its tenant. It consolidated multiple office sites into a single, energy efficient building, allowing for improved staff collaboration and culture while reducing environmental impact. The building earned a BREEAM Excellent rating and is estimated to save over £1 million annually for the tenant in operational costs compared to their previous spaces.
Bristol City Council has a target to reduce carbon emissions by 40% by 2020. This equates to reducing emissions by 2,000 tonnes per year. The document discusses various options for meeting this target, including solar PV installations, biomass boilers, and expanding the use of wood fuel. Case studies are presented for small and medium solar PV installations and a biomass boiler. These case studies analyze the costs, savings, payback periods, and cost per tonne of carbon reduced for each technology. The document concludes with Bristol City Council's plan to invest 1 million pounds in a solar PV program for schools, using prudential borrowing to fund the installations.
1. EXPERIMENTS IN
ENERGY OLYMPICS
WEST OF ENGLAND CARBON CHALLENGE
2012-11-07, 1600
Sukumar Natarajan
with contributions from Julian Padget, Ian Walker
and Teresa Chiang, Nadya Dara, Gokhan Mevlevioglu
2. Energy Use /
Climate Efficiency / Building
Change Security Design
Energy and the Design of Environments (EDEn)
ENergy Literacy
COPSE /
through an
Prometheus
IntelligenT home
(both using
ENergy advisor
UKCP09 data)
(ENLITEN)
3. CONTEXT
• Domestic:
• Users have control over decisions
• Relatively easy to connect cause and effect
• Non domestic:
• Users generally have less control
• More tricky to connect cause and effect
4. Question 1: Does (the type of)
feedback affect energy consumption?
Savings from various studies range from 0% to 22%
Larger and longer term trials show less than 5% savings from control
Three types of displays were proposed in the literature
Experiment 1: laboratory test
Experiment 2: live (student residence)
5. convey information. Th
tion simultaneously in a direct and intuitive manner [24]. Anderson
inclusion of human face
and White [25] found through working with focus groups that the know
Human faces are
design of a speedometer dial was particularly preferred even when reduced to
for its qual-
ities of eye-catching movement, intuitive scale and direction of and biol
to their social
be processed differently
change, and ease of making comparisons. It will be interesting to and mor
detected faster
see if similar preferences are seen in this study.
Question 1: Does (the type of)
Fig. 1. Numerical display [29]. The intention of this w
Ambient displays (Fig. 3) provide an overall indication of a situa-
capturing property mak
tion, sometimes make use of peripheral vision, and do displays. Specifically, th
not require
like faces.
users’ detailed attention [8,22]. No text or numbers are shown;
feedback affect energy consumption?
instead, pictures, colours, sounds or flashing lights are used to
2.2.2. Colour
convey information. The present work attempts to introduce theA large number of
inclusion of human faces in the design of user interface prototypes.
and screen design hav
ARTICLE IN PRESS Human faces are known to have the capacity to attract attention, attentio
G Model and directional
ENB-3818; No. of Pages 10 colour, size, orientation
even when reduced to cartoon form [26,27]. Presumably thankssearch or
when people
T. Chiang et al. / Energy and Buildings xxx (2012) xxx–xxx 3 to their social and biological significance, human faces seem to have th
been found to
be processed differently by the human brain: changes stimuli due to its highlig
in faces are
Analogue displays (e.g. Fig. 2) illustrate the scale of consump-
tion usually without numbers, using graphs, charts, dials, column
detected faster and more accurately than in other objects [e.g. 28].target stim
rate potential
also help to shorten se
gauges and bars. ComparedFig. 1. Numerical display [29]. often
to numerical displays, these are The intention of this work is to find out if the face’s attention
[after 5]. As colour is
Fig. 2. Analogue display [30].
considered easier to read and interpret, especially when making capturing property makes it a useful cue in the design of energy colour c
processing of
comparisons, e.g. between current and target values [24]. Ana- amounts of cognitive c
displays. Specifically, the study looked at two-dimensional cartoon-
☺
logue displays can be effective in checking readings, evaluating the present work also
future states and conveying quantitative and qualitative informa- like faces. (i.e. non black-on-white
tion simultaneously in a direct and intuitive manner [24]. Anderson display designs (details
and White [25] found through working with focus groups that the 3.2).
design of a speedometer dial was particularly preferred for its qual- 2.2.2. Colour
ities of eye-catching movement, intuitive scale and direction of A large number of studies [e.g. 32–34] on web pageUsers’ preferences design
2.3.
change, and ease of making comparisons. It will be interesting to
and screen design have shown that comprehension, distraction
see if similar preferences are seen in this study.
Ambient displays (Fig. 3) provide an overall indication of a situa- and directional attention are heavily influenced by the Previous research ha
location,
tion, sometimes make use of peripheral vision, and do not require colour, size, orientation, shape and luminance of targetstion people preferred to
[e.g. 35,36]
could help to serve pre
users’ detailed attention [8,22]. No text or numbers are shown; when people search or read displays. Colour, in particular,designed two t
the USA has
instead, pictures, colours, sounds or flashing lights are used to
convey information. The present work attempts to introduce the been found to have the capacity to attract attention to targetbar graph
consumption:
distribution graphic des
stimuli due to its highlighting and association effects, and to sepa-
inclusion of human faces in the design of user interface prototypes.
bourhood mapped on a
Human faces are known to have the capacity to attract attention, rate potential target stimuli from non-target stimuli [37]. It might
consumption [40]. This
even when reduced to cartoon form [26,27]. Presumably thanks
also help to shorten search time more than shapes or numbers concepthe same design
to their social and biological significance, human faces seem to
be processed differently by the human brain: display [30].
Fig. 2. Analogue changes in faces are [after 5]. As colour is a basic [31].
Fig. 3. Ambient design element of visual perception, and difficult t
“childish” the
detected faster and more accurately than in other objects [e.g. 28]. processing of colour coded information does not require large
easy to comprehend due to the consistent exposure in a number
digital
Fig. 1. Numerical display [29].
analogue
The intention of this work is to find out if the face’s attention
capturing property makes it a useful cue in the design of energy
displays. Specifically, the study looked at two-dimensional cartoon-
ambient
of activities both at home (kitchen timer, [after clock, TV, For these reasons,
amounts of cognitive capacities alarm 38,39]. etc.)
7
The present work studie
the present work also investigates the effectiveness of coloured studies ha
and work (security systems, vending machines, etc.). The present design, as previous
work intends to examine presenting energy informationagainst black-on-whitein better pe
(i.e. non black-on-white7 ) display designs with pure polarity) resulted
like faces.
numbers. (negative polarity) [56,57].
display designs (details of the experiment are described in Section
detailed 2.2.2. Colour illustrate 3.2). provide an
Please cite this article in press as: T. Chiang, et al., A laboratory test of the efficacy of energy d
quantitative scale of
A large number of studies [e.g. 32–34] on web page design
and screen design have shown that comprehension, distraction “indication”
(2012), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.07.026
information consumption
and directional attention are heavily influenced by the location,
colour, size, orientation, shape and luminance of targets [e.g. 35,36]
2.3.
of the situation
Users’ preferences
when people search or read displays. Colour, in particular, has
been found to have the capacity to attract attention to target Previous research has shown mixed findings on what informa-
stimuli due to its highlighting and association effects, and to sepa- tion people preferred to receive and which type of graphical design
rate potential target stimuli from non-target stimuli [37]. It might could help to serve presenting information better. Researchers in
also help to shorten search time more than shapes or numbers
[after 5]. As colour is a basic element of visual perception, the
the USA designed two types of graphical displays to show energy
we wanted to control these quite carefully, so COTS were not an option
Fig. 2. Analogue display [30].
processing of colour coded information does not require large consumption: bar graphs and distribution graphs. Fig. 4 is one of the
amounts of cognitive capacities [after 38,39]. For these reasons, distribution graphic designs that displayed little houses in a neigh-
the present work also investigates the effectiveness of coloured
bourhood mapped on an x–y axis graph according to their energy
(i.e. non black-on-white7 ) display designs against black-on-white
display designs (details of the experiment are described in Section consumption [40]. This design was ranked most preferred, while
3.2). the same design concept presented in Norway [41] was judged as
Fig. 3. Ambient design [31]. “childish” and difficult to interpret.
2.3. Users’ preferences
easy to comprehend due to the consistent exposure in a number
Previous research has shown mixed findings on what informa-
of activities both at home (kitchen timer, alarm clock, TV, etc.)
tion people preferred to receive and which type of graphical design 7
The present work studied black-on-white design instead of white-on-black
could help to serve presenting information better. Researchersetc.). The present
and work (security systems, vending machines, in design, as previous studies have shown that dark text on light background (positive
6. Experiment 1: The key question is
How good are we at detecting change in
information: speed and accuracy
9. Fig. 9. Mean accuracy rates.
Fig. 9. Mean accuracy rates.
mage (bottom).
dium, high, which were
UK household’s annual
ottom).
splay design had a black-
ersion (Fig. 7). The overall
high, which were
as white. Red and green
ousehold’s annual
eir associative meanings, Fig. 10. Mean response times.
ranges,had a black- and
esign respectively,
10. mages used the same
he design changed ran- The interviews were semi-structured, such that discussion
d Test images differed stemmed from the core questions. In many instances, more than
e display components.
ickly and accurately as
anging display compo-
o ensure that the time
se was minimised, the
e “@” key (next to the
“Today so far” and “Yester-
rage electricity consumption
average daily consumption
he full range and divided by
0–6 kWh, the medium range
1 kWh and higher. It is worth
G Model
ENB-3818; No. of Pages 10 ARTICLE IN PRESS
ximations appropriate to the
bt be different, these are not 8 T. Chiang et al. / Energy and Buildings xxx (2012) xxx–xxx
nts were focused on changes
Table 3 Fig. 11. Display design preferences. backgrounds as possi
Summary of response time and accuracy.
pants had undertaken
Response time Correct Preference that the participants
ng, et al., A laboratory test of the efficacy of energy display interface design, Energy Buildings or higher, and theref
Design typea Ang > Amb = Nmr Nmr = Amb > Ang Nmr > Amb = Ang
d.2012.07.026 Colourb
B/W = Clr B/W = Clr Amb > Ang = Nmr ulation at large. Furth
Amb B/W > Amb Clr rule out a correlation
a
Amb: ambient, Ang: analogue, Nmr: numerical. performance.
b
B/W: black-on-white, Clr: colour. (b) Lab based experiment:
> means significantly greater than, = means marginally different. “laboratory condition
capture perception in
by removing the dist
found that if users find the product features similar to their previ-
in their domestic env
ous experience, they are more likely to perform tasks better [51,52].
study provided a usefu
11. Experiment 2: The key question is
How good are we at reducing energy when
presented the same information in different ways?
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Kitchens comparable to each other with 7 students per group
ng
P G
6 kitchens were selected, 2 each on floors 7, 8 and 9
2 non-participating groups were used as control
Baseline period for comparison was the average over a period of days
a
immediately before the start of the experiment
Outdoor
Tennis Courts
13. Cumulative consumption Total Cumulative
from 00:01 to time of consumption from
update (say 09:00) 00:01 to 00:00
colour
blind safe
Average daily Average daily
consumption consumption last
this week week
14.
15.
16.
17. Group
A B C D E F
1-2
Weeks 3-4
5-6
“Winner takes it all” £20 per member
of the group that reduced the most over 6 weeks
18.
19. Confidence intervals for the experiment
groups did not include zero change, so these
results are significant at the 0.05 level.
Plainspeak: there is a 95% probability that
these results did not occur due to pure
chance
Participants preferred this the most, yet Confidence intervals for the control groups
ambient seems to perform better! did include zero change.
Plainspeak: the change for these groups from
baseline are not reliably different from zero
20.
21. Question 2: Is competitive ranking enough,
on its own, to deliver savings?
In the previous experiment, groups were competing against absolute savings
However, this tends to favour groups starting from a low baseline
We wanted to test if comparing against one’s own savings would be different
Further, this time every person stood to gain financially as rewards were
calculated using an arbitrary fixed rate (35p) per kWh saved cumulatively
compared to the baseline period.
22. Experiment 3: The key question is
How good are we at reducing energy when
comparing our performance against the
performance of others?
25. Questions 3 & 4: Will any of these ideas work in
an office environment? Do rewards matter?
Applied the idea of self-relative ranking from previous experiment to BH offices
Information was separated by lighting and small power
Instead of monetary units, performance was measured in “meters run”
Provide additional context to ranking information
Test if rewards are essential and if (any) savings persist over time.
Information on how to save was given before the start of the competition
Environmental attitudes were measured before and after the competition
Due to technical problems experiment ran for 5 weeks instead of 6
26. Therefore, the percentage of energy for heating would probably increase. For example,
Figure 3.2.3 illustrates the difference in percentage of energy subsectors in June and
April, where it is clear that heating is the first largest consumer in April whereas in June
Proportion of total energy consumption in both buildings by end-use
small power consumes over a half of all energy.
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00% June
April
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
Small Lighting Canteen Lift Server Printers Heating
power room room
Figure 3.2.3. Comparison of total Buildings energy consumption by sectors in June and April.
40/141
27. Equivalent of “net earnings”
in the previous study The effectiveness of behavioural interventions
to reduce office energy consumption
Figure 3.4.1. Scheme of display screens.
Provide context on “how far
Lighting away” other groups are
Computer
Weekday Weekend Nominal Weekday Weekend Nominal
Floor Floor
average average Average average average Average
28. Mean percentage savings and ranges
0%
% reduction from baseline
10%
20%
30%
Lighting Computers Total
29. % savings from baseline
after one week
-40%
-27%
-13%
0%
13%
27%
14/07/2012
22/07/2012
29/07/2012
05/08/2012
12/08/2012
The first data point is the average saving
19/08/2012
End of
period
26/08/2012
Computer Use
02/09/2012
competition
09/09/2012
16/09/2012
23/09/2012
30/09/2012
Lighting
07/10/2012
Tablets
14/10/2012
Removed
21/10/2012
28/10/2012
Average savings over all groups split by end-use
30. general level of the awareness has not changed much.
Q1. I am an environmentally aware person interventions
The effectiveness of behavioural
to reduce office energy consumption
50.00%
However, questions about humans’ rights and abilities to prevent the destruction of the
45.00%
40.00%
Earth (3, 5, 7) in both buildings were more optimistic than in the previous questionnaires
35.00%
and the percentage of ‘agree’ answers was by 8-12% higher.
30.00%
25.00%
4.3.2. Behavioural change. before competition
20.00%
15.00% after competition
Interestingly, the answers about behavioural actions performed by occupants have
10.00%
significantly improved in both buildings by an average 15.6% (Figure 4.3.2, Appendix P,
5.00%
0.00%
Table P2). The most significant was improvement in turning off lights overnight by 50.25%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
on the Ground floor of the Building 1 and switching off monitors on the Second floor of the
(Strongly (Strongly
Building disagree)grew from 25% to 71% and the use of ‘sleep’ mode that increased form
2 that agree)
33% to 71%.
Figure 4.3.1. Comparison of responses before and after the competition on Question 1.
120.00%
In Building 1 on the Ground and First floors the amount of positive responses was lower
by 100.00% whereas on the winning floor (the Second) the amount of positive answers
3-5%,
Building 2
reached 100%, higher by 18.75% than before the competition (Appendix P, Table P2).
80.00% before
Building 2
In Building 2 the change is slightly more significant (Appendix P, Table P2). On the First
after
60.00%
and the Third floors awareness was higher by about 25%, whereas on the Second floor it
Building 1
before
was lower by 14%.
40.00%
Building 1
after
The questions that represent environmental attitude (2, 4, 6, 8) in general received slightly
20.00%
less positive response from both buildings (Appendix P, Table P2). However, for the
0.00%
Second Floor of Building 1 (winner) some questions were answered more positively, such
9. adjust 10. swtich off 11. turn off 12. use 13. switch off
as Question 4 lights36%) and Question 6 (by 21%) whereas other questions (2, 8) were
(by comp lights 'sleep' mode monitor
about the same level.
Figure 4.3.2. The comparison of positive responses about ecological behaviour.
31. ANSWERS
• Simplyputting something in place seems to have an effect
• We need to be wary, however, of the Hawthorne effect
• What people say and what they do don’t always match
• Some designs may be better than others
WHAT WE DON’T KNOW
• How do hybrid designs perform?
• Are these savings sustained? How can we make them habitual?
• What is an appropriate baseline measure?
• Are rewards essential? Need they be monetary?