The Energy for Change model encourages system leaders and managers in the NHS to approach change in a different way - putting more attention into building shared purpose (spiritual energy), a sense of solidarity (social energy) and creating inclusive spaces for learning and challenge (psychological energy) whilst paying attention to the management of physical energy (through rest and renewal interspersed with progress and milestones for delivery) and intellectual energy (setting out the case for change, analysing, reflecting on and evaluating progress).
Energy for change - A history of the NHS model and recent developments in the field January 2023.pptx
1. Rosanna Hunt – Associate, NHS Horizons - @rosielhunt
NHS Energy for Change model
Psychological
Physical
Spiritual
Social Intellectual
- A history of the
model & recent
developments
2. Tony Schwartz’s
Productivity
Paradox
Steve
Radcliffe “4
Energies”
The E4C model was
developed in 2012 by
the NHS Institute for
Innovation and
Improvement in
collaboration with the
York Health Economics
Consortium and
Landmark Consulting
HISTORY
@rosielhunt
The E4C Model
Key theories underpinning the model:
Tony Schwartz’ 4 energies: Physical, Emotional,
Mental, Spiritual
Steve Radcliffe’s 4 energies: Physical, Emotional,
Intellectual, Spiritual
Stanton Marris’ Energy generators: Context,
Content, Connection and Climate
Bruch & Vogel’s Model of Productive energy
http://ihpme.webservices.utoronto.ca/Assets/IHPME+Digital+Assets/IHPME/hpme/events/bev
an/bevan-bldg-align-lit-review.pdf
3. Tony Schwartz’s
Productivity
Paradox
Steve
Radcliffe “4
Energies”
Bruch & Vogel
“If the word "spiritual" freaks you out, then
think of it as your purpose, the reason you do
what you do” (Schwartz)
HISTORY
@rosielhunt
Spiritual energy
The
potency of
purpose
was one of
Donella
Meadows’
key ideas in
her ground-
breaking
book
Thinking in
Systems.
(2008)
Energy of commitment to a common vision for the
future, driven by shared values and a higher
purpose.
Gives people the confidence to move towards a
different future that is more compelling than the
status quo.
Psycholo
gical
Physical
Spiritual
Social
Intellectu
al
4. Tony Schwartz’s
Productivity
Paradox
Steve
Radcliffe “4
Energies”
Bruch & Vogel
Greg Satell said that change is inherently
relational and encouraged us to identify
our spectrum of allies.
HISTORY
@rosielhunt
Social energy
Energy of personal engagement, relationships and
connections between people.
Where people feel a sense of “us and us” rather
than “us and them”
Psycholo
gical
Physical
Spiritual
Social
Intellectu
al
5. Tony Schwartz’s
Productivity
Paradox
Steve
Radcliffe “4
Energies”
Bruch & Vogel
Loehr & Schwartz looked at wellbeing through
the lens of professional athletes
Identified the importance of rest & renewal for
the marathon of constant change
Challenged the health care system culture of
“busyness”
HISTORY
@rosielhunt
Physical energy
Energy of action, and getting things done and
making progress.
The flexible, responsive drive to make things
happen.
Psycholo
gical
Physical
Spiritual
Social
Intellectu
al
6. Tony Schwartz’s
Productivity
Paradox
Steve
Radcliffe “4
Energies”
Bruch & Vogel
HISTORY
@rosielhunt
Psychological energy
Energy of courage, resilience and feeling safe to do
things differently.
Involves feeling supported to make a change and
trust in leadership and direction.
Psycholo
gical
Physical
Spiritual
Social
Intellectu
al
7. Tony Schwartz’s
Productivity
Paradox
Bruch & Vogel
HISTORY
@rosielhunt
Intellectual energy
Energy of analysis, planning and thinking.
Involves gaining insight as well as planning and
supporting processes, evaluation, and arguing a
case on the basis of logic/evidence
“Emotion is the fuel for change, data and information
provide direction” Heath & Heath (2011) Switch. How to
change things when change is hard
Psycholo
gical
Physical
Spiritual
Social
Intellectu
al
8. @rosielhunt
I am energised by the momentum of change____
I have gained insight into the case for change____
I feel a sense of solidarity with those I work with ____
I am weary of change____
I am able to keep expressing hope for the change when presented with setbacks_____
The reasoning for the change is not compelling___
I don’t feel appreciated by others at work_____
I will be blamed if I try something new and it fails____
I feel isolated from others____
I feel depleted of energy when others express doubt about the change_____
The case for change has stimulated my creativity_____
I feel disconnected from others____
I am committed to our common vision for the future____
I feel safe enough to do things differently____
I am driven by shared values____
I am experiencing change fatigue____
The change does not fit with my sense of purpose_____
I am not driven by a shared purpose for change_____
I think there is no rational argument for change____
The case for change is interesting to me_____
I feel that we are getting things done to achieve the change_____
I feel the change may conflict with my values___
I feel personally engaged in the change___
Clear thinking and analysis underpins the change___
I feel fearful about the change___
I sense openness about the potential to change___
HISTORY
This psychometric profiling tool was
developed to help teams generate a group
“energy for change” profile.
Extensive statistical testing with over 1700
respondents confirmed that this Index
measures 5 independent factors.
The E4C Index
9. @rosielhunt
I am energised by the momentum of change____
I have gained insight into the
case for change____
I feel a sense of solidarity with those I work with ____
I am weary of change____
I am able to keep expressing hope for the change when presented with setbacks_____
The reasoning for the change is not compelling___
I don’t feel appreciated by others at work_____
I will be blamed if I try something new and it fails____
I feel isolated from others____
I feel depleted of energy when others express doubt about the change_____
The case for change has stimulated my creativity_____
I feel disconnected from others____
I am committed to our common vision for the future____
I feel safe enough to do things differently____
I am driven by shared values____
I am experiencing change fatigue____
The change does not fit with my sense of purpose_____
I am not driven by a shared purpose for change_____
I think there is no rational argument for change____
The case for change is interesting to me_____
I feel that we are getting things done to achieve the change_____
I feel the change may conflict with my values___
I feel personally engaged in the change___
Clear thinking and analysis underpins the change___
HISTORY The E4C Index
Which of the
five energies
does this item
measure?
10. @rosielhunt
I am energised by the momentum of change____
I have gained insight into the
case for change____
I feel a sense of solidarity with those I work with ____
I am weary of change____
I am able to keep expressing hope for the change when presented with setbacks_____
The reasoning for the change is not compelling___
I don’t feel appreciated by others at work_____
I will be blamed if I try something new and it fails____
I feel isolated from others____
I feel depleted of energy when others express doubt about the change_____
The case for change has stimulated my creativity_____
I feel disconnected from others____
I am committed to our common vision for the future____
I feel safe enough to do things differently____
I am driven by shared values____
I am experiencing change fatigue____
The change does not fit with my sense of purpose_____
I am not driven by a shared purpose for change_____
I think there is no rational argument for change____
The case for change is interesting to me_____
I feel that we are getting things done to achieve the change_____
I feel the change may conflict with my values___
I feel personally engaged in the change___
Clear thinking and analysis underpins the change___
HISTORY The E4C Index
This item
measures
INTELLECTUAL
ENERGY
11. @rosielhunt
I am energised by the
momentum of change____
I have gained insight into the case for change____
I feel a sense of solidarity with those I work with ____
I am weary of change____
I am able to keep expressing hope for the change when presented with setbacks_____
The reasoning for the change is not compelling___
I don’t feel appreciated by others at work_____
I will be blamed if I try something new and it fails____
I feel isolated from others____
I feel depleted of energy when others express doubt about the change_____
The case for change has stimulated my creativity_____
I feel disconnected from others____
I am committed to our common vision for the future____
I feel safe enough to do things differently____
I am driven by shared values____
I am experiencing change fatigue____
The change does not fit with my sense of purpose_____
I am not driven by a shared purpose for change_____
I think there is no rational argument for change____
The case for change is interesting to me_____
I feel that we are getting things done to achieve the change_____
I feel the change may conflict with my values___
I feel personally engaged in the change___
Clear thinking and analysis underpins the change___
HISTORY
Which of the
five energies
does this item
measure?
The E4C Index
12. @rosielhunt
I am energised by the
momentum of change____
I have gained insight into the case for change____
I feel a sense of solidarity with those I work with ____
I am weary of change____
I am able to keep expressing hope for the change when presented with setbacks_____
The reasoning for the change is not compelling___
I don’t feel appreciated by others at work_____
I will be blamed if I try something new and it fails____
I feel isolated from others____
I feel depleted of energy when others express doubt about the change_____
The case for change has stimulated my creativity_____
I feel disconnected from others____
I am committed to our common vision for the future____
I feel safe enough to do things differently____
I am driven by shared values____
I am experiencing change fatigue____
The change does not fit with my sense of purpose_____
I am not driven by a shared purpose for change_____
I think there is no rational argument for change____
The case for change is interesting to me_____
I feel that we are getting things done to achieve the change_____
I feel the change may conflict with my values___
I feel personally engaged in the change___
Clear thinking and analysis underpins the change___
HISTORY
This item
measures
PHYSICAL
ENERGY
The E4C Index
13. @rosielhunt
I am energised by the momentum of change____
I have gained insight into the case for change____
I feel a sense of solidarity with those I work with ____
I am weary of change____
I am able to keep expressing hope for the change when presented with setbacks_____
The reasoning for the change is not compelling___
I don’t feel appreciated by others at work_____
I will be blamed if I try
something new and it
fails____
I feel isolated from others____
I feel depleted of energy when others express doubt about the change_____
The case for change has stimulated my creativity_____
I feel disconnected from others____
I am committed to our common vision for the future____
I feel safe enough to do things differently____
I am driven by shared values____
I am experiencing change fatigue____
The change does not fit with my sense of purpose_____
I am not driven by a shared purpose for change_____
I think there is no rational argument for change____
The case for change is interesting to me_____
I feel that we are getting things done to achieve the change_____
HISTORY The E4C Index
Which of the
five energies
does this item
measure?
14. @rosielhunt
I am energised by the momentum of change____
I have gained insight into the case for change____
I feel a sense of solidarity with those I work with ____
I am weary of change____
I am able to keep expressing hope for the change when presented with setbacks_____
The reasoning for the change is not compelling___
I don’t feel appreciated by others at work_____
I will be blamed if I try
something new and it
fails____
I feel isolated from others____
I feel depleted of energy when others express doubt about the change_____
The case for change has stimulated my creativity_____
I feel disconnected from others____
I am committed to our common vision for the future____
I feel safe enough to do things differently____
I am driven by shared values____
I am experiencing change fatigue____
The change does not fit with my sense of purpose_____
I am not driven by a shared purpose for change_____
I think there is no rational argument for change____
The case for change is interesting to me_____
I feel that we are getting things done to achieve the change_____
HISTORY The E4C Index
This item
measures
PSYCHOLOGICAL
ENERGY
15. @rosielhunt
I am energised by the momentum of change____
I have gained insight into the case for change____
I feel a sense of solidarity with those I work with ____
I am weary of change____
I am able to keep expressing hope for the change when presented with setbacks_____
The reasoning for the change is not compelling___
I don’t feel appreciated by others at work_____
I will be blamed if I try something new and it fails____
I feel isolated from others____
I feel depleted of energy when others express doubt about the change_____
The case for change has stimulated my creativity_____
I feel disconnected from others
involved in the change____
I am committed to our common vision for the future____
I feel safe enough to do things differently____
I am driven by shared values____
I am experiencing change fatigue____
The change does not fit with my sense of purpose_____
I am not driven by a shared purpose for change_____
I think there is no rational argument for change____
The case for change is interesting to me_____
I feel that we are getting things done to achieve the change_____
I feel the change may conflict with my values___
I feel personally engaged in the change___
Clear thinking and analysis underpins the change___
HISTORY The E4C Index
Which of the
five energies
does this item
measure?
16. @rosielhunt
I am energised by the momentum of change____
I have gained insight into the case for change____
I feel a sense of solidarity with those I work with ____
I am weary of change____
I am able to keep expressing hope for the change when presented with setbacks_____
The reasoning for the change is not compelling___
I don’t feel appreciated by others at work_____
I will be blamed if I try something new and it fails____
I feel isolated from others____
I feel depleted of energy when others express doubt about the change_____
The case for change has stimulated my creativity_____
I feel disconnected from others
involved in the change____
I am committed to our common vision for the future____
I feel safe enough to do things differently____
I am driven by shared values____
I am experiencing change fatigue____
The change does not fit with my sense of purpose_____
I am not driven by a shared purpose for change_____
I think there is no rational argument for change____
The case for change is interesting to me_____
I feel that we are getting things done to achieve the change_____
I feel the change may conflict with my values___
I feel personally engaged in the change___
Clear thinking and analysis underpins the change___
HISTORY The E4C Index
This item
measures
SOCIAL
ENERGY
17. @rosielhunt
I am energised by the momentum of change____
I have gained insight into the case for change____
I feel a sense of solidarity with those I work with ____
I am weary of change____
I am able to keep expressing hope for the change when presented with setbacks_____
The reasoning for the change is not compelling___
I don’t feel appreciated by others at work_____
I will be blamed if I try something new and it fails____
I feel isolated from others____
I feel depleted of energy when others express doubt about the change_____
The case for change has stimulated my creativity_____
I feel disconnected from others____
I am committed to our
common vision for the
future____
I feel safe enough to do things differently____
I am driven by shared values____
I am experiencing change fatigue____
The change does not fit with my sense of purpose_____
I am not driven by a shared purpose for change_____
I think there is no rational argument for change____
The case for change is interesting to me_____
I feel that we are getting things done to achieve the change_____
HISTORY The E4C Index
Which of the
five energies
does this item
measure?
18. @rosielhunt
I am energised by the momentum of change____
I have gained insight into the case for change____
I feel a sense of solidarity with those I work with ____
I am weary of change____
I am able to keep expressing hope for the change when presented with setbacks_____
The reasoning for the change is not compelling___
I don’t feel appreciated by others at work_____
I will be blamed if I try something new and it fails____
I feel isolated from others____
I feel depleted of energy when others express doubt about the change_____
The case for change has stimulated my creativity_____
I feel disconnected from others____
I am committed to our
common vision for the
future____
I feel safe enough to do things differently____
I am driven by shared values____
I am experiencing change fatigue____
The change does not fit with my sense of purpose_____
I am not driven by a shared purpose for change_____
I think there is no rational argument for change____
The case for change is interesting to me_____
I feel that we are getting things done to achieve the change_____
HISTORY The E4C Index
This item
measures
SPIRITUAL
ENERGY
19. HISTORY
The E4C Index was used to build our
understanding of energy in teams
Using the tools to diagnose energy gaps in
teams
Analysis of 1700 participants revealed
lower energy levels the further away from
the CEO you sit in a hierarchy
Clinical staff were found to have & need
high levels of spiritual energy than non-
clinical staff.
Nursing staff were found to have & need
higher levels of social energy than other
professional groups.
@rosielhunt
Team applications
20. @rosielhunt
HISTORY The E4C spidergraph
1
2
3
4
5
Social
Spiritual
Psychological
Physical
Intellectual
My Energy Average
The Energy of those I work with
Average
The importance of this energy to
me Average
A typical
team
profile
21. HISTORY
The East of England’s Neonatal Network found
that the NICE care bundle for premature babies
with NEC* was not being implemented by two
of the units in the region.
NEC rates in these two units was high.
They found a gap in social energy – deeper
analysis revealed that midwives left it to
neonatal nurses to implement the care bundle
whereas neonatal nurses thought it was the
midwives’ job.
@rosielhunt
Social energy gaps -
example
Social Energy definition:
Energy of personal
engagement,
relationships and
connections between
people.
Where people feel a
sense of “us and us”
rather than “us and
them”
* Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious condition that can affect
newborn babies, where tissue in the bowel (small and large intestines)
becomes inflamed.
22. HISTORY Coaching leaders to build social
energy for change
@rosielhunt
Coaching questions for leaders building social energy
1. Who is involved in the change?
2. Who will actually implement the change?
3. Has the purpose of the change been co-designed with
those who will implement it?
4. How are those involved / implementing the change
connected to each other?
5. How could you connect them in meaningful,
asynchronous ways?/create a sense of community?
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
https://blog.horizonsnhs.com/post/102f6wr/coaching-nhs-leaders-to-
build-energy-for-change
23. The People Plan for
2020/21 set out a vision
which places a
compassionate and
inclusive culture at the very
heart of the NHS
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
@rosielhunt
NHS England » Civility and Respect
2020 – the year that building
social energy became a moral
obligation?
Health inequalities
Respect for humanity
24. Coaching leaders to build
spiritual energy for change
@rosielhunt
Prompt questions for spiritual energy
1. What is the purpose of the change?
2. What is the emotional experience of the change?
3. What do people want to move away from?
4. What do they want to move towards?
5. Are you framing the change with both hearts and mind in
mind?
https://blog.horizonsnhs.com/post/102f6wr/coaching-nhs-
leaders-to-build-energy-for-change
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Chapter-8-Ganz-Lin1.pdf (usmblogs.com)
25. Coaching leaders to build
psychological energy for change
@rosielhunt
Prompt questions for psychological energy
1. To what extent are those implementing the change
empowered to act without seeking permission?
2. Do those involved in the change feel safe to try out new
ways of working?
3. Where are the safe spaces for people to experiment
with new ways of working?
4. Are there examples of work environments where people
are already experimenting with the change, that you can
promote?
5. What do you think is needed to create safe
environments for change action?
https://blog.horizonsnhs.com/post/102f6wr/coaching-nhs-
leaders-to-build-energy-for-change
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
26. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
@rosielhunt
Anyone can help create a culture of
psychological safety by framing the work
and context, asking explicit questions,
listening, responding appropriately. Small
actions full: humility empathy curiosity
all help.
Professor Amy Edmonson (2018)
Amy Edmondson 2018 “The Fearless Organisation”
Spiritual and psychological energy
27. @rosielhunt
Tim Clarke’s (2022) 4-stages model of
psychological safety identifies a sense of
belonging and inclusion as a pre-requisite for
achieving psychological safety.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Clarke, T. (2022)
What is Psychological Safety? | LeaderFactor
Social and psychological energy
28. @rosielhunt
The importance of achieving a balance of
permission and respect
Without this balance, exploitation or
paternalism will destroy psychological safety.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Clarke, T. (2022)
What is Psychological Safety? | LeaderFactor
Psychological energy
29. @rosielhunt
Learner safety - respecting an individual’s innate
need to learn and grow, whilst also giving
permission to engage in learning activities.
Contributor safety - encouraging dissent.
(However, the leader has a job to distinguish
between dissenting and derailing behaviour.)
Challenger Safety – respecting the individual’s
ability to innovate whist also giving permission for
the individual to challenge the status quo in good
faith
(this is the level at which innovation happens)
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Clarke, T. (2022)
What is Psychological Safety? | LeaderFactor
Psychological energy
30. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS Spiritual energy
Systems that are complex, adaptive and
emergent can be shaped by the pull of a
purpose which makes them easier to
coordinate; creates commitment among
the people involved; generates
innovation; and builds resilience.
31. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Most progress comes from building
trusting relationships and working
towards shared purpose. There are
no quick fixes. There is a need for
openness, challenge and persistence.
Leaders that are making these
commitments are seeing benefits, both
for the people they serve and for
themselves.”
Horizons/Novartis publication
link
@rosielhunt
Social, spiritual and psychological energy
32. @rosielhunt
BREAKOUT DISCUSSIONS – 30 minutes
• How do we create energy for change?
• What do you do?
• Generate as many ideas as possible.
• Record all ideas on the Jamboards (link in chat)
• Move between the breakouts if you like
33. @rosielhunt
Things to consider
• How do you build physical energy without
burning people out?
• How do you keep a balance of all the energies?