The document discusses endogenetic movements, focusing on volcanoes, which are openings in the Earth's crust that release lava, ash, and gases during eruptions. It categorizes volcanoes based on their structure into central-type and fissure-type, and also by periodicity into active, dormant, and extinct volcanoes. The effects of volcanic eruptions are presented, highlighting both negative impacts, such as loss of life and environmental imbalance, and positive outcomes, like increased soil fertility and mineral deposits.

1. ENDOGENETIC MOVEMENTS-3
GEOGRAPHY CHAP-2

2. SUDDEN MOVEMENTS
VOLCANOES
• A volcano is an opening in
the earth’s crust through
which lava, volcanic ash
and gases escape

3. WHAT IS VOLCANIC ERUPTION?
• Volcanic eruption is a process through which hot solid, liquid, and
gaseous material are thrown out from the mantle on the surface of the
earth.
• Lava (hot molten magma),various types of inflammable gases, water
vapour, ash, etc. are thrown out during eruption.
• On the basis of types of eruption, it is divided into following types:
1. Central-type or conical volcano
2. Fissure-type volcanoes

4. 1. CENTRAL-TYPE OR CONICAL VOLCANO:
• Molten magma comes out through
pipe like vent inside the earth’s
surface.
• This lava spreads around the mouth
of vent when it comes out forming a
conical volcanic mountain.
• Examples: Mt.Fujiyama in Japan
Mt.Kilimanjaro in Tanzania

5. 2. FISSURE-TYPE VOLCANOES:
• When Molten magma comes out
through many cracks from inside
of the earth’s surface, it is called
as fissure-type volcano.
• The magma coming out spreads
on both side of the crack which
results in the formation of
volcanic plateaus.
• Example: Deccan plateau of
India.

6. TYPES OF VOLCANOES ON THE BASIS OF PERIODICITY:
ACTIVE VOLCANOES DORMANT
VOLCANOES
EXTINCT VOLCAONOES
• Volcanic eruptions
are regular even in
present times
• Volcano has not
erupted since long
but may suddenly
become active
• Volcano which have
not erupted since
long in past and are
not likely to erupt in
the future.
• Example:
• Mt Fujiyama in
Japan
• Example:
• Barren island in
India
• Mt Katmai in Alaska
• Example:
• Mt .Kilimanjaro in
Tanzania

8. EFFECTS OF VOLCANOES :
BAD EFFECTS GOOD EFFECTS
• Loss of property and life • Land becomes fertile due to ash
• Tsunami gets generated • Many minerals are found near the
earth’s surface
• Creates imbalance in environment • New land is formed at times
• Island may disappear • Lakes are formed at the mouth of
dead volcanoes craters

9. THANK YOU