The document summarizes an evaluation of The Salvation Army's program in Uganda that integrated economic empowerment of caregivers with community support for orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). The program used the WORTH model to provide women with savings opportunities, training, and loans to start small businesses. WORTH worked with Community Action Teams to facilitate discussions around HIV/AIDS and OVC care. The evaluation found the program empowered women economically and socially, and OVC in participating households had higher levels of well-being. Caregiver empowerment through the WORTH model appears to positively impact OVC outcomes. The document concludes with recommendations like maintaining a focus on OVC welfare, promoting women's leadership, and considering structural barriers beyond
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Empowering Caregivers in Uganda
1. Empowering Better Care?
Economic strengthening for OVC
caregivers in Uganda
Presented by The Salvation Army World
Service Office
April 23, 2013
2. Introduction
The Salvation Army, in collaboration with Pact, implemented an OVC
program in Uganda and Tanzania, integrating empowerment of caregivers
with community mobilization on psychosocial support for OVC. These are
the results from an evaluation of the program in Uganda.
3. WORTH Model
WORTH is a microfinance and
empowerment program through which
women:
generate savings,
gain access to training and loans for small
businesses, and
teach themselves to read and write
The goal is holistic empowerment and sense of
agency
4. WORTH & Community Action Teams
WORTH works alongside Community Action
Teams (CATs)
CATs are trained to:
1) facilitate conversations about HIV/AIDS and
OVC care;
2) conduct in-home counseling to children and
caregivers; and
3) organize Kids and Youth (KAY) Clubs
5. Summary of Results
Evaluation found evidence for the following:
oWORTH provided new economic opportunities for women
o WORTH empowered women beyond economic strengthening
o OVC in WORTH households measured higher levels of well-
being
o Caregiver empowerment appears to be a critical factor in OVC
well-being
7. Health & Hygiene
o More Clean Water: 15-19% higher
o Greater use of family planning
o Greater Use of Hygiene Items
8. Health & Hygiene:
WORTH caregivers appear to be more
attentive to the health status of OVC and
more active in seeking better quality of care
when children are sick:
more likely to know if an OVC was actually sick
better able to diagnose the illness for OVC and
determine the best treatment
12. Outlook on Life
Improved life
outlook (hope)
Higher levels of
happiness
Increased income
Improved financial
status
13. Linkages to an OVC Economic Strengthening Framework
Stage Worth Activity or Outcome
Recover assets and
stabilize household
consumption
Asset transfer via OVC fund
Build self-insurance
mechanisms and protect
key-assets
Strong social networks
Savings
Smooth household
consumption and
manage household
cashflow
Financial literacy
Credit access
Smooth household
income and promote
asset growth
Microenterprise
Business Training
Expand household
income and consumption
14. Recommendations
1. OVC or health-centered focus: Clearly rooted in support for OVC
welfare
2. Promote women’s community leadership
3. Holistic approach to empowerment of caregivers
4. Strategic focus on levels of economic strengthening (consider
partnerships): Provision, Protection Promotion
5. Set clear health outcome indicators for financial service
programs
6. Account for other barriers to health status and behavior:
beyond financial status and awareness to structural barriers
2. Business Activity: While 86 percent of WORTH women had business initiatives it was less than 34 percent of non-WORTH caregivers in businesses. 3. Emphasis on Business: WORTH households report business as their biggest source of income versus casual labor for non-WORTH. 4. Productive Investments: WORTH members report making more productive use of their money (such as investing profits into building and diversifying their businesses).
One of the most interesting aspects to arise out of the evaluation of WORTH was the identification of linkages between the program activities and an emerging framework for OVC economic strengthening outlined in a report by Jason Wolfe in the Microenterprise Development office of USAID/EGAT6. Therefore, one of the first steps taken by USAID, and others, has been to draft a framework describing how different types of economic interventions might impact OVC households at various levels of economic development. The idea is that economic interventions need to be appropriate to the economic status of the OVC population served and, recognizing that this status may vary between households or change over the lifespan of a program, there is a need for a multi-faceted approach that can support beneficiaries at different stages of economic development. Economic Opportunity for the Most Vulnerable The strength of WORTH is its ability to meet the needs of women at every stage of economic development, with a special emphasis on providing opportunities for the poorest and most vulnerable.
OVC-Centered Focus: Future programs should continue to strongly emphasize support for OVC as an objective of the WORTH program from the beginning. This can be encouraged in four key ways: 1) Introduce WORTH to the community as part of a larger initiative to improve the well-being of OVC and their caregivers, 2) Encourage early links between WORTH and the CATs, 3) Try mobilize 100 percent of WORTH groups to initiate OVC Support Funds, and 4) Find ways to actively empower women as OVC caregivers. Holistic Approach to Empowerment of Caregivers: The program should continue to integrate economic strengthening with broader empowerment initiatives, including literacy, financial management and training in basic skills critical to caring for OVC: nutrition, HIV/AIDS, hygiene and educational support. Strategic Use of Mobile Workshops: The “empowering space” of WORTH is an important development tool, and future projects should continue to consider how the mobile workshops and social network of WORTH can be strategically used to achieve the goals of a project. For instance, this is an area where WORTH could do more in the future to give women the skills to be more effective advocates for HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment at home and in the community. Expand Opportunities for Income and Asset Growth: Based on an assessment of the communities where WORTH is implemented, the program should consider ways to link program participants to additional opportunities for asset protection and growth – such as insurance, vocational education and larger loans from traditional MFIs. One of the goals of WORTH should be to help women move up the economic ladder and, therefore, it needs to be prepared to help link them to opportunities when they are ready to move up. Promote women’s leadership and : The overall welfare of OVC will be improved by when communities and caregivers share a common commitment to OVC welfare. In Uganda we saw that CATs and WORTH caregivers supported each other. Women were not only mobilized to take care of their own children, but to also be leaders on OVC issues in the community.