The document discusses the theory behind explosive growth through the emergence of new layers or levels of abstraction. At each new layer, the resource that becomes scarce and thus valuable is that which emerges from the transition from scarcity to abundance at the lower layer. This pattern is seen in technologies like Intel, Microsoft, Cisco, and Google which addressed scarcity at one level to enable abundance at the next. New companies like AirBnB and Uber have grown explosively by serving customer needs that were overserved at one level but underserved at a higher level. Addressing this gap explains how some markets can go from no demand to massive demand very quickly.