2. Thanks for using Qualsafe!
Many thanks for using the Qualsafe range of first aid books. I hope you will find this
PowerPoint presentation useful.
Most trainers have their own particular order of teaching, so rather than attempt to predict
this, we have placed the slides more or less in the order of the topics as they flow in the
book. The numbers at the top of the page correspond to the page number in the book.
Please feel free move the slides into the order that you teach.
If there is a slide that you don’t want to use, or want to change slightly, feel free! We don’t
lock the slides down for this exact reason. All that we ask is that you take care that any
information you add or change is in line with current accepted first aid practice.
Feel free to add your organisation’s logo to the slides too – it’s your training course!
If you have any comments or questions, please don’t hesitate to contact our dedicated
clinical support team.
Kind regards,
Nigel Barraclough.
3. PowerPoint Tips:
• Press ‘B’ for a black screen at any point during your presentation.
Press ‘B’ again to resume.
• To adjust the order of slides, click ‘view’ on top menu, then ‘slide
sorter’. Drag and drop the slides to the position you want them.
• We have included more slides in than you need, so unwanted slides
can be deleted by highlighting them and hitting ‘delete’ button.
• If you want to include a slide from another presentation, use the ‘slide
sorter’. Right click on the slide you want, select ‘copy’, then re-open
this presentation, go to ‘slide sorter’, right click over the place you
want to insert the slide and click ‘paste’.
• To adjust the animation of a slide click ‘animations’ on top menu.
5. The role of the first aider
2
Assessing the situation
What happened
Number of casualties
History, signs, symptoms
Protecting from dangers
Assess for further danger
Protect yourself first
Getting help
Ask bystanders
Which emergency services?
Recognise your limitations
Prioritising treatment
Most urgent thing first
Most urgent person first
Offer support and comfort
Minimising infection risks
Wash hands before and after giving help
Wear disposable gloves
Wear protective clothing if needed
Cover your own cuts with a plaster
Dispose of contaminated waste carefully
Use sterile, undamaged, in-date dressings
11. What things should you consider
before treating anyone?
• What happened?
• Further danger?
• Can you cope?
• Number of casualties?
• Emergency services?
• Who needs help first?
Scene survey
5
12. The primary survey
6-7
1. Treat life-threatening conditions as soon as you find them, before moving on
2. You might not get as far as C
3. “Catastrophic Bleeding” can be prioritised before “Airway”
14. Recognising life-threatening conditions
• Pale clammy skin
(for dark skin look at the colour of the skin inside the lips)
• Blue tinges to the skin and lips (cyanosis)
• Increase in pulse rate
• Nausea or vomiting
• Increased breathing rate
(if the brain detects low oxygen)
• Lowered breathing rate
(indicates a brain problem)
• Distressed breathing or gasping
• Confusion or dizziness
18. WARNING:
In the first few minutes after cardiac arrest, a
casualty may be barely breathing, or taking
infrequent, noisy gasps.
These are known as agonal gasps and should
not be confused with normal breathing.
If you are in doubt, start CPR.
Resuscitation (CPR)
8
19. BONDI BEACH YOUTUBE LINK:
https://youtu.be/zKEHQ-FYxaQ
Old guidelines, slow CPR, but there isn’t a better
video to show agonal gasps!
Resuscitation (CPR)
8
20. Sometimes a casualty can have a seizure-like
episode when the heart stops.
Carefully consider if the casualty is breathing
normally.
Resuscitation (CPR)
8
21. CHRIS SOLOMENS YOUTUBE LINK:
https://youtu.be/w32PUDL2lb8
‘Seizure like episode’ at 2:37.
Please ignore the speed and depth of the chest
compressions!
Resuscitation (CPR)
8
23. First aiders can use the adult
sequence of resuscitation
on a child or baby who is
unresponsive and not breathing
normally.
Child and baby CPR
11
24. Child and baby CPR
11
The following minor modifications to the adult sequence will, however,
make it even more suitable for use in children:
If you are on your own, perform resuscitation
for about 1 minute before going for help
Give five initial rescue breaths before
starting chest compressions
For a baby
under 1 year,
use two fingers
(4cm)
For a child over 1 year,
use one or two hands
to achieve an adequate depth
(5cm)
Compress the chest by at least one-third of its depth:
32. DO:
•Turn the casualty on to the
opposite side every 30 minutes if
they are in the recovery position
for a prolonged period.
•Place a heavily pregnant casualty
on her left side to help circulation.
Unconscious casualty
15
DO NOT:
•Place a pillow under the head
whilst the casualty is on their back.
•Place anything in an unconscious
casualty’s mouth.
38. Choking recognition
17
• Often happens whilst eating / drinking
• Ask “are you choking?”
• Can cough and answer
your question
Mild choking:
• Weakening cough
• Unable to speak – may
‘nod’ in response to
your question.
• Struggling or unable to
breathe.
• Distressed look on the
face.
• Will become unconscious
if untreated.
Severe choking:
39. Choking adult or child
18
Cough! 5 Back Blows 5 Abdominal Thrusts
42. Choking – seeking medical advice
17
After successful choking treatment,
seek immediate medical attention if the casualty:
•Has received abdominal thrusts;
•Has difficulty swallowing;
•Has a persistent cough; OR
•Feels like ‘an object is still stuck in the throat’.
50. Haemostatic dressings
23
For life-threatening bleeding that
cannot be controlled by direct pressure
Useful for: Neck – abdomen – groin – armpit
• If possible – apply pressure to exact point of
pulsating bleeding and mop out
pooled blood
• TIGHTLY pack the whole wound
• Compress for 5 minutes (repeat if needed)
• Send packaging to hospital with casualty
Do not block the air flow in
a sucking chest wound
51. Haemostatic dressings
23
For life-threatening bleeding that
cannot be controlled by direct pressure
Useful for: Neck – abdomen – groin – armpit
Celox gauze training video:
https://youtu.be/0iNhCaNKQkE
55. Tourniquets
23
For life-threatening bleeding that
cannot be controlled by direct pressure
Useful for: Arms or legs – multiple trauma – multiple casualties
CAT Tourniquet training videos:
https://youtu.be/tzXNsfesUb0
https://youtu.be/LDN03FgUhxU
94. Spinal injury – recognition
30
• Blow to head, neck or back
(especially resulting in unconsciousness)
• Fall from height
(e.g. horse)
• Dive into shallow water
• Accident involving speed
(e.g. knocked down or a car accident)
• Cave in accident
(e.g. crushing, or collapsed rugby scrum).
• Multiple injuries
• Pain or tenderness in neck or back after accident
(pain killers or other injuries can mask pain – beware).
• If you are in any doubt
98. Diabetes – low blood sugar
31
sugar
insulin
Overdosed
on insulin
Or not eaten
enough food;
Or over
exercised.
99. Oxygen + Food = Energy = LIFE
Why is low blood sugar so dangerous?
Brain cells can only use glucose (sugar) for energy
Diabetes – low blood sugar
31
100. 20g of Glucose:
• 150ml Lucozade Original
• 200ml lemonade
• 200ml orange juice
• 4 jelly babies
• 4 teaspoons of sugar
• 20 skittles
• Glucose tablets vary
x4
Diabetes – low blood sugar treatment
31
101. From the body
From the body
To the lungs To the lungs
The heart
32
From the lungs
To the body
108. Factors
giving relief
Other signs
and symptoms
Pulse
Skin
Duration
Location of
Pain
Pain
Onset
Sudden, usually during exertion,
stress or extreme weather.
Sudden, can occur at rest.
Vice-like squashing pain.
‘Dull’, ‘tightness’ or ‘pressure’.
Can be mistaken for indigestion.
Central chest. Can radiate into
arms, neck, jaw, back, shoulders.
Vice-like squashing pain.
‘Dull’, ‘tightness’ or ‘pressure’.
Can be mistaken for indigestion.
Central chest. Can radiate into arms,
neck, jaw, back, shoulders.
3 – 8 Minutes, rarely longer. Usually longer than 30 minutes.
Pale, may be sweaty. Pale, grey colour. May sweat profusely.
Variable. Often becomes
irregular, missing beats.
Variable. Often becomes
irregular, missing beats.
Shortness of breath,
weakness, anxiety.
Shortness of breath, dizziness, nausea,
vomiting, sense of ‘impending doom’.
Resting, reducing stress,
taking ‘GTN’ medication.
GTN medication may give
partial or no relief.
Angina Heart Attack
Angina and heart attack
32
112. Asthma - recognition
34
• Difficulty breathing
• Wheezy breath sounds originating from the lungs.
• Difficulty speaking
(will need to take a breath in the middle of a sentence).
• Pale, clammy skin
• Grey or blue lips and skin
• Use of muscles in the neck and
upper chest
• Exhaustion in a severe attack
• May become unconscious and
stop breathing in a prolonged attack
117. Anaphylaxis – recognition
35
Anaphylaxis has three main characteristics:
1. A rapid onset – the casualty usually becomes
very ill, very quickly.
2. A life-threatening
Airway, Breathing or Circulation problem
(or a combination of them).
3. A skin rash, flushing and/or swelling
(but not all casualties have this).
118. Anaphylaxis – recognition
35
Airway recognition:
• Swelling of the tongue, lips or throat. A feeling of the throat ‘closing up’.
• A hoarse voice or loud pitched, noisy breathing.
Breathing recognition:
• Difficult, wheezy breathing or a ‘tight chest’.
Circulation recognition:
• Dizziness, feeling faint or passing out,
particularly if sat upright.
• Pale, cold, clammy skin and fast pulse.
• The rash may disappear.
• Nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, diarrhoea.
127. Make your own slides / mnemonics
X
Alpha
Bravo
Charlie
Delta
Echo
A
B
C
D
E
128. Alpha
Make your own slides / mnemonics
X
1
2
3
4
Bravo
Charlie
Delta
Echo
E
F
G
H
Golf
Hotel
Foxtrot
Indigo
I
J
K
L
Kilo
Lima
Juliette
Mike
M
N
O
P
November
Oscar
Papa
Quebec
Q
R
S
T
Sierra
Tango
Romeo
Uniform
U
V
W
X
Whiskey
X-ray
Victor
Y
Z
Yankee
Zulu
