Ian's UnityHealth 2019 grand rounds suicide preventionIan Dawe
At the end of this presentation, you will :
1. Knowledgeably describe the problem of suicide in our
clients as an issue beyond just the traditional targets of our
medical interventions,
2. Understand concepts of quality and process improvement
as they relate to implementation of suicide prevention
strategies in hospital and community settings,
3. Become a champion of the Project Nøw approach to improve
care and outcomes for individuals at risk of suicide in
healthcare systems locally, provincially and nationally.
Ian's UnityHealth 2019 grand rounds suicide preventionIan Dawe
At the end of this presentation, you will :
1. Knowledgeably describe the problem of suicide in our
clients as an issue beyond just the traditional targets of our
medical interventions,
2. Understand concepts of quality and process improvement
as they relate to implementation of suicide prevention
strategies in hospital and community settings,
3. Become a champion of the Project Nøw approach to improve
care and outcomes for individuals at risk of suicide in
healthcare systems locally, provincially and nationally.
Plagiarism Report:
Professor’s feedback:
EMS responders to pandemic influenza
EMS responders to pandemic influenza (Red Crescent) in Saudi Arabia
Emergency service providers and agencies alike participate in life-saving activities every day. Workers in these agencies provide assistance in daily emergency situations, transporting and treating patients in various situations. Their input in the medical process is incontrovertible as they ensure the welfare of the patient.
The healthcare sector is exposed to varying infections despite the availability of multiple disinfection procedures. Contamination remains a significant issue to the EMS responders as ambulances become a constant source of various pathogenic bacteria as a result of transporting patients from emergency scenes to the medical facilities. The transportation procedure creates a situation where the paramedics as well as the patient are exposed to the pathogens, a majority of which may be infectious (Reed, et al., 1993). Although there are various safeguards and disposable equipment which reduce the risk to the medical staff, the transportation process remains susceptible to contamination from blood and infectious substance. The result of these infections on the EMS in Saudi Arabia specifically is significant, as estimated 35 to 45 medical providers have been infected .
The ambulance service managed by the Red Crescent is the source of focus for this project for its lack of policy and guidelines on the pre-hospital process. Precautions such as disinfection and sterilization are not accompanied by corresponding infection control procedures. Currently in the Kingdom, there are over 5, 000 EMS staff using approximately 1,400 ambulances, and they are all at risk (Reed, et al., 1993). To ensure effective control of possible infections, a significantly holistic approach is required; one which is evidence-based and also cost-effective. Comment by Steve Parrillo: How do you know this? Comment by Microsoft Office User: Look at the year of this reference – is it the same in 2018 as it was in 1993 – I think not
Problem Statement
Inadequate policies and interventions or personal failures of the emergency medical services team are a facilitator for infections among the healthcare workers. Comment by Steve Parrillo: How do you plan to apply this to disasters and MCIs? Comment by Microsoft Office User: expand
Description of the Problem
The requirement for disaster medicine is more crucial than ever before with diseases such as MERS affecting areas deemed disaster-prone. Medical workers and emergency service providers at large require the evidence as a stepping stone to new decisions and measures involving medical care for health workers. EMS in Saudi Arabia has faced its fair share of challenges, with a number of its employees contracting the deadly virus MERS. EMS plans to use this information in creating effective influenza plans which will enhance its exis.
EMS responders to pandemic influenza
EMS responders to pandemic influenza (Red Crescent) in Saudi Arabia
Emergency service providers and agencies alike participate in life-saving activities every day. Workers in these agencies provide assistance in daily emergency situations, transporting and treating patients in various situations. Their input in the medical process is incontrovertible as they ensure the welfare of the patient.
The healthcare sector is exposed to varying infections despite the availability of multiple disinfection procedures. Contamination remains a significant issue to the EMS responders as ambulances become a constant source of various pathogenic bacteria as a result of transporting patients from emergency scenes to the medical facilities. The transportation procedure creates a situation where the paramedics as well as the patient are exposed to the pathogens, a majority of which may be infectious (Reed, et al., 1993). Although there are various safeguards and disposable equipment which reduce the risk to the medical staff, the transportation process remains susceptible to contamination from blood and infectious substance. The result of these infections on the EMS in Saudi Arabia specifically is significant, as estimated 35 to 45 medical providers have been infected .
The ambulance service managed by the Red Crescent is the source of focus for this project for its lack of policy and guidelines on the pre-hospital process. Precautions such as disinfection and sterilization can often not be accompanied by corresponding infection control procedures. Currently in the Kingdom, there are over 5, 000 EMS staff using approximately 1,400 ambulances, and they are all at risk (Reed, et al., 1993). To ensure effective control of possible infections, a significantly holistic approach is required; one which is evidence-based and also cost-effective. Comment by Microsoft Office User: Look at the year of this reference – is it the same in 2018 as it was in 1993 – I think not
Problem Statement
Inadequate policies and interventions or personal failures of the emergency medical services team are a facilitator for infections among the healthcare workers. Comment by Steve Parrillo: How do you plan to apply this to disasters and MCIs? Comment by Microsoft Office User: expand
Description of the Problem
The requirement for disaster medicine is more crucial than ever before with diseases such as MERS affecting areas deemed disaster-prone. Medical workers and emergency service providers at large require the evidence as a stepping stone to new decisions and measures involving medical care for health workers. EMS in Saudi Arabia has faced its fair share of challenges, with a number of its employees contracting the deadly virus MERS. EMS plans to use this information in creating effective influenza plans which will enhance its existing operational protocols. Comment by Microsoft Office User: ref and supporting detai ...
2
Annotated Bibliography
3164 words
Rough Draft on Infection Control
by
Submitted to
Semester
Date
Contact
Address
Phone
Email
Infection Control
1
Introduction of the Paper
Background
According to various reports by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a significant number of lives are lost each passing year due to the spread of infections in hospitals that could otherwise have been prevented (Alp & Damani, 2015). Therefore, effort geared towards understanding infection control plays a significant role in reducing the otherwise unnecessary loss of lives. Infection control entails the power to directly prevent or determine the spread of infections with the aim of avoiding it (Berríos-Torres, et al., 2017). Indeed, the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms has far-reaching consequences. While so much has been done to prevent its spread, there is still a lot more to be done. This research paper intends to focus on Healthcare-associated Infections and how it can be prevented if not eliminated altogether.
Statement of the Problem
Healthcare-Associated Infections are a common occurrence in the modern healthcare setting resulting in huge financial losses and loss of lives. According to the Office of Disease Prevention and Healthcare Promotion (ODPHP), these are infections that patients contract while receiving treatment in a medical facility. Percival, Suleman, Vuotto & Donelli, (2015) pointed out that its prevalence is as a result of the employment of invasive devices and procedures meant to treat patients and to help them recover. While most of them are accidental in nature, they still remain to be seen as accidents that could have been prevented. The US government, through the establishment of Healthy People 2020 and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) have taken a lead role in spreading the news on infection control. To that effect, recent research reveals that there could be a 70% reduction in infections by implementing existing prevention practices. This translates to a financial benefit estimated to be $31.5 billion in medical cost savings (ODPHP, 2019). Understanding these prevention measures should, therefore, be a priority to all healthcare practitioners. That is why this research study intends to shade more light on nosocomial infections. These are infections that occur within 48 hours upon admission into a hospital. They can also occur in three days of discharge or 30 days of operation. They affect one in every 10 patients admitted in a hospital (Khan, Baig & Mehboob, 2017; Suleyman, & Alangaden, 2016).
Rationale for addressing the issue
Addressing this issue is important to the health sector from a political, social as well as environmental perspective. As a matter of fact, its impact will be on a short term, interim basis and long term basis. Politically, health has always been a major subject of concern as it is used by voters to determi.
Running head PROFESSIONAL CAPSTONE AND PRACTICUM1PROFESSIONA.docxtodd581
Running head: PROFESSIONAL CAPSTONE AND PRACTICUM 1
PROFESSIONAL CAPSTONE AND PRACTICUM 5
Falls and Related Injuries
Nanah Kamara Comment by Nelson, Emily Jeanette: Please see my comments in your previous assignment about how to format your title page.
GCU
Falls and Related Injuries
Nurses, being the initial contacts for patients in any most health facilities and the fact they interact or engage with patients more when compared to other providers of care constitute a critical component of the healthcare system. Consequently, nurses play a much huge role in making sure that the healthcare system provides not only safe care but also and care of high standard or quality (Sato, Hase, Osaka, Sairyo & Katoh, 2018). However one of the major healthcare or nursing issue over the years is the fall and associated injuries which have proved not only difficult for healthcare providers and facility to manage. The purpose of this essay is to… Comment by Nelson, Emily Jeanette: Reference needed
For instance, and according to DuPree, Fritz-Campiz & Musheno, (2014), Unintentional falls constitute the highest cause of non-fatal injuries among people over 65 years in the US. Moreover, one in every three individuals above 65 years falls at least one time in a given year. In addition, injuries from falls cause the highest number of accidental deaths among people 65-year-old and above (Tricco, Thomas, Veroniki, Hamid, Cogo, Strifler & Riva, 2017). Such statistics coupled with the extent of the costs associated with fall call for proper intervention to reduce falls and their associated injuries. For instance, the government spends billions of dollars on fall and their associated injuries on treating falls. The prevention of fall would provide increased funds for investment in other social programs aimed at improving both healthcare and addressing social or communal problems (Zakrajsek, Schuster, Wells, Williams & Silverchanz, 2018).
In addition, falls and their related injuries are responsible for almost 15% of the recorded hospitalization. This increases the burden of healthcare providers especially given the numerous stressors like staff shortage, huge workloads, leadership problems and personal factors among others. An increase in falls and associated injury, therefore, is detrimental to the provision of quality care as captured under the healthy 2020 program goal of reducing deaths that result from falls. Comment by Nelson, Emily Jeanette: Reference needed Comment by Nelson, Emily Jeanette: Reference needed
Despite this, falls are very complex and difficult to manage or prevent. Given the implications that falls bear on the patients, the healthcare providers and the healthcare system as a whole (Joseph, Henriksen & Malone, 2018), there has been increased There has been an increased research focus towards fall prevention and reduction strategies. As a result, there exist a significant amount of literature regarding the reduction and prevention of falls..
Running head PROFESSIONAL CAPSTONE AND PRACTICUM1PROFESSIONA.docxglendar3
Running head: PROFESSIONAL CAPSTONE AND PRACTICUM 1
PROFESSIONAL CAPSTONE AND PRACTICUM 5
Falls and Related Injuries
Nanah Kamara Comment by Nelson, Emily Jeanette: Please see my comments in your previous assignment about how to format your title page.
GCU
Falls and Related Injuries
Nurses, being the initial contacts for patients in any most health facilities and the fact they interact or engage with patients more when compared to other providers of care constitute a critical component of the healthcare system. Consequently, nurses play a much huge role in making sure that the healthcare system provides not only safe care but also and care of high standard or quality (Sato, Hase, Osaka, Sairyo & Katoh, 2018). However one of the major healthcare or nursing issue over the years is the fall and associated injuries which have proved not only difficult for healthcare providers and facility to manage. The purpose of this essay is to… Comment by Nelson, Emily Jeanette: Reference needed
For instance, and according to DuPree, Fritz-Campiz & Musheno, (2014), Unintentional falls constitute the highest cause of non-fatal injuries among people over 65 years in the US. Moreover, one in every three individuals above 65 years falls at least one time in a given year. In addition, injuries from falls cause the highest number of accidental deaths among people 65-year-old and above (Tricco, Thomas, Veroniki, Hamid, Cogo, Strifler & Riva, 2017). Such statistics coupled with the extent of the costs associated with fall call for proper intervention to reduce falls and their associated injuries. For instance, the government spends billions of dollars on fall and their associated injuries on treating falls. The prevention of fall would provide increased funds for investment in other social programs aimed at improving both healthcare and addressing social or communal problems (Zakrajsek, Schuster, Wells, Williams & Silverchanz, 2018).
In addition, falls and their related injuries are responsible for almost 15% of the recorded hospitalization. This increases the burden of healthcare providers especially given the numerous stressors like staff shortage, huge workloads, leadership problems and personal factors among others. An increase in falls and associated injury, therefore, is detrimental to the provision of quality care as captured under the healthy 2020 program goal of reducing deaths that result from falls. Comment by Nelson, Emily Jeanette: Reference needed Comment by Nelson, Emily Jeanette: Reference needed
Despite this, falls are very complex and difficult to manage or prevent. Given the implications that falls bear on the patients, the healthcare providers and the healthcare system as a whole (Joseph, Henriksen & Malone, 2018), there has been increased There has been an increased research focus towards fall prevention and reduction strategies. As a result, there exist a significant amount of literature regarding the reduction and prevention of falls..
COMMENTARY–INVITEDRun, Hide, Fight,” or Secure, PreserveLynellBull52
COMMENTARY–INVITED
“Run, Hide, Fight,” or “Secure, Preserve,
Fight”: How Should Health Care
Professionals and Facilities Respond to
Active Shooter Incidents?
The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) definesan active shooter as “an individual actively
engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a
confined and populated area.”1 A study of newspaper
articles and press releases identified 154 active shooter
incidents (ASIs) in hospitals in the United States in
the 12-year period 2000 through 2011.2 ASIs were
more common in larger hospitals, with 29% taking
place in the emergency department (ED) and 19% in
patient rooms. In 50% of the ASIs in an ED, the per-
petrator used a security officer’s gun.2
Current federal law enforcement guidelines recom-
mend “Run, Hide, Fight” as a stepwise response to
ASIs.3 A 2014 report issued jointly by the U.S.
Departments of Health and Human Services, Home-
land Security, and Justice; the FBI; and the Federal
Emergency Management Agency explicitly endorses
the “run, hide, fight” model for health care facilities.4
According to this strategy, one should first “run,” that
is, rapidly leave the area under attack and keep mov-
ing until one is in a safe location. If one cannot run
away, the next best option is to “hide” in as safe a
place as one can. This may include locking and barri-
cading doors and windows and remaining silent. In
the event one cannot run or hide, one should “fight”
when confronted, that is use force to disrupt or inca-
pacitate the shooter.
Law enforcement agencies endorse the “run, hide,
fight” strategy because research shows that it is the
most effective sequence of responses to protect individ-
uals during ASIs.5 Self-protection is certainly an
understandable and permissible reason for choosing a
particular action, but it is only one among a variety of
actions and reasons. Should the value of self-protec-
tion persuade health care facilities and individual
health care professionals to implement the “run, hide,
fight” response to ASIs?
In a 2018 article in the New England Journal of
Medicine, Inaba et al.6 agree that health care profes-
sionals, staff, patients, and visitors should follow the
“run, hide, fight” strategy in ASIs, provided that all
are able to take those actions. In other situations, how-
ever, these authors propose that health care facilities
and professionals consider a different response to
ASIs that they refer to as “secure, preserve, fight.”
They describe these specific health care situations and
their proposed response as follows: “for professionals
providing essential medical care to patients who can-
not run, hide, or fight owing to their medical condi-
tion or ongoing life-sustaining therapy, a different set
of responses should be considered—secure the loca-
tion immediately, preserve the life of the patient and
oneself [by continuing care that is required to preserve
life], and fight only if necessary.”6
Inaba et al. offer several reasons for their propos ...
BOS 3651, Total Environmental Health and Safety Managemen.docxarnit1
BOS 3651, Total Environmental Health and Safety Management 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit II
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
7. Examine management tools necessary to implement effective safety management systems.
7.1 Discuss the need for a safety management system to focus on serious injuries and fatalities.
7.2 Explain how human behavior and workplace processes combine to create the potential for
serious injuries.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 3:
Innovations in Serious Injury and Fatality Prevention
Chapter 4:
Human Error Avoidance and Reduction
Chapter 5:
Macro Thinking: The Socio-Technical Model
Unit Lesson
Serious injuries and human error play pivotal roles in the success of any accident prevention effort. The costs
and other consequences created by accidents dictate the need for changes that will ensure a reduction in
their occurrence. Discussing serious injuries and human error in this unit will better prepare us to tackle the
details of safety management systems and ANSI/AIHA Z10 in subsequent units.
UNIT II STUDY GUIDE
Serious Injury Prevention
and Human Error Reduction
Safety pyramid based on H. W. Heinrich’s study of industrial accidents. “Heinrich’s Law”
proposed that for every major injury 29 minor injuries and 300 noninjury incidents occur
(Heinrich, 1931).
BOS 3651, Total Environmental Health and Safety Management 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
In the course textbook, Manuele (2014) challenges the notion that if we eliminate all the minor injuries, the
severe injuries will be taken care of as well. The accident pyramid concept first proposed by H.W. Heinrich in
the 1930s has been embraced by safety professionals for decades.
Manuele (2014) presents some compelling evidence that perhaps we need to focus on the top of the pyramid
rather than the bottom. His research has demonstrated that incident frequency may have been reduced over
the past several decades, but severity has not decreased proportionately. He also shows that serious injuries
most often occur in nonroutine and nonproduction activities.
On what do safety professionals focus most of their prevention efforts? Routine and production activities! Of
course, increased exposure increases the risk, but if we are not experiencing serious injuries in these routine
operations, maybe we have them under control and should focus more of our efforts on the nonroutine. Keep
in mind that one fatal injury can quickly undo years of safety program building.
Trying to identify the nonroutine operations is reminiscent of former Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld’s
“known knowns and unknown knowns” comments from a few years ago. Or was it “known unknowns”?
Whatever—the point is that we need to examine our safety culture to see if it supports identification of the
unknowns. Is incident reporting supported by policies that do not place blame? Does the incident investigation
...
Hello Dr Kyzar and Class· Does the research design answer the reSusanaFurman449
Hello Dr Kyzar and Class
· Does the research design answer the research question? Explain your rationale.
Lloyd et al., 2018 focused at establishig whether the school-based interventions for children of ages 9-10 years would help in preventive excessive weight gain after 24 months. The researchers used pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial of the Healthier Lifestyle Programme (HeLP) which is a school-based obesity prevention intervention that was performed in 32 schools found in the southwest England. This method is revealing school as the ideal location for the childhood obesity preventiuon programs due to the near-universal reach f children in the socioeconomic spectrum. It also shows the importance of the change in the diet and physical activity behaviors and their impacts on the weight status (Lloyd, et al., 2018). Were the study sample participants representative? Why or why not?
The sample calculation assumed a mean of 35 children age 9-10 years in every school and this implies that a total of 1,120 samples were used. This is a good number that can represents the problems at the 32 schools that were being targeted by the researchers.
Compare and contrast the study limitations in this study.
The findings of the study shows that the effectiveness of the school-based obesity prevention programmed is inconclusive and contradictory. The interventions used are highly heterogenous in the design and most of the studies used for the research have some methodological weaknesses for example the inadequate statistical power, greater levels of attrition, differential uptake, follow-up, and the short-lived follow-up.
· Based on this evidence summary, would you consider this systematic review as support for your selected practice problem? Explain your rationale.
Two themes were considered to be important i.e. energy in and decision making and the responsibility. It is clear that school hosts many children and can therefore be used as ideal place to deliver the population-based interventions. Even though it might not adequately intensed to affect both school and the family environment hence wieght of the children, it needs to be promoted since it helps in changing the health behaviors of the children. This is important in addressing the issue of childhood obesity sinnce it helps in promoting healthy behaviors among children (Lloyd , et al., 2018).
References
Lloyd, J., CStat, C. S., Logan, S., Green, C., Dean, S., Hillsdon , M., Abraham, C., Tomlinson, R., Pearson, V., Taylor, R., Ryan, E., Price, L., Streeter, A., Wyatt, K., & Wyatt, K. (2018). Effectiveness of the Healthy Lifestyles Programme (HeLP) to prevent obesity in UK primary-school children: a cluster randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 2(1), 35-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(17)30151-7
2
Evidence Synthesis
Student’s Name
Department, Institutional Affiliation
Course Title
T ...
PET CT beginners Guide covers some of the underrepresented topics in PET CTMiadAlsulami
This lecture briefly covers some of the underrepresented topics in Molecular imaging with cases , such as:
- Primary pleural tumors and pleural metastases.
- Distinguishing between MPM and Talc Pleurodesis.
- Urological tumors.
- The role of FDG PET in NET.
Plagiarism Report:
Professor’s feedback:
EMS responders to pandemic influenza
EMS responders to pandemic influenza (Red Crescent) in Saudi Arabia
Emergency service providers and agencies alike participate in life-saving activities every day. Workers in these agencies provide assistance in daily emergency situations, transporting and treating patients in various situations. Their input in the medical process is incontrovertible as they ensure the welfare of the patient.
The healthcare sector is exposed to varying infections despite the availability of multiple disinfection procedures. Contamination remains a significant issue to the EMS responders as ambulances become a constant source of various pathogenic bacteria as a result of transporting patients from emergency scenes to the medical facilities. The transportation procedure creates a situation where the paramedics as well as the patient are exposed to the pathogens, a majority of which may be infectious (Reed, et al., 1993). Although there are various safeguards and disposable equipment which reduce the risk to the medical staff, the transportation process remains susceptible to contamination from blood and infectious substance. The result of these infections on the EMS in Saudi Arabia specifically is significant, as estimated 35 to 45 medical providers have been infected .
The ambulance service managed by the Red Crescent is the source of focus for this project for its lack of policy and guidelines on the pre-hospital process. Precautions such as disinfection and sterilization are not accompanied by corresponding infection control procedures. Currently in the Kingdom, there are over 5, 000 EMS staff using approximately 1,400 ambulances, and they are all at risk (Reed, et al., 1993). To ensure effective control of possible infections, a significantly holistic approach is required; one which is evidence-based and also cost-effective. Comment by Steve Parrillo: How do you know this? Comment by Microsoft Office User: Look at the year of this reference – is it the same in 2018 as it was in 1993 – I think not
Problem Statement
Inadequate policies and interventions or personal failures of the emergency medical services team are a facilitator for infections among the healthcare workers. Comment by Steve Parrillo: How do you plan to apply this to disasters and MCIs? Comment by Microsoft Office User: expand
Description of the Problem
The requirement for disaster medicine is more crucial than ever before with diseases such as MERS affecting areas deemed disaster-prone. Medical workers and emergency service providers at large require the evidence as a stepping stone to new decisions and measures involving medical care for health workers. EMS in Saudi Arabia has faced its fair share of challenges, with a number of its employees contracting the deadly virus MERS. EMS plans to use this information in creating effective influenza plans which will enhance its exis.
EMS responders to pandemic influenza
EMS responders to pandemic influenza (Red Crescent) in Saudi Arabia
Emergency service providers and agencies alike participate in life-saving activities every day. Workers in these agencies provide assistance in daily emergency situations, transporting and treating patients in various situations. Their input in the medical process is incontrovertible as they ensure the welfare of the patient.
The healthcare sector is exposed to varying infections despite the availability of multiple disinfection procedures. Contamination remains a significant issue to the EMS responders as ambulances become a constant source of various pathogenic bacteria as a result of transporting patients from emergency scenes to the medical facilities. The transportation procedure creates a situation where the paramedics as well as the patient are exposed to the pathogens, a majority of which may be infectious (Reed, et al., 1993). Although there are various safeguards and disposable equipment which reduce the risk to the medical staff, the transportation process remains susceptible to contamination from blood and infectious substance. The result of these infections on the EMS in Saudi Arabia specifically is significant, as estimated 35 to 45 medical providers have been infected .
The ambulance service managed by the Red Crescent is the source of focus for this project for its lack of policy and guidelines on the pre-hospital process. Precautions such as disinfection and sterilization can often not be accompanied by corresponding infection control procedures. Currently in the Kingdom, there are over 5, 000 EMS staff using approximately 1,400 ambulances, and they are all at risk (Reed, et al., 1993). To ensure effective control of possible infections, a significantly holistic approach is required; one which is evidence-based and also cost-effective. Comment by Microsoft Office User: Look at the year of this reference – is it the same in 2018 as it was in 1993 – I think not
Problem Statement
Inadequate policies and interventions or personal failures of the emergency medical services team are a facilitator for infections among the healthcare workers. Comment by Steve Parrillo: How do you plan to apply this to disasters and MCIs? Comment by Microsoft Office User: expand
Description of the Problem
The requirement for disaster medicine is more crucial than ever before with diseases such as MERS affecting areas deemed disaster-prone. Medical workers and emergency service providers at large require the evidence as a stepping stone to new decisions and measures involving medical care for health workers. EMS in Saudi Arabia has faced its fair share of challenges, with a number of its employees contracting the deadly virus MERS. EMS plans to use this information in creating effective influenza plans which will enhance its existing operational protocols. Comment by Microsoft Office User: ref and supporting detai ...
2
Annotated Bibliography
3164 words
Rough Draft on Infection Control
by
Submitted to
Semester
Date
Contact
Address
Phone
Email
Infection Control
1
Introduction of the Paper
Background
According to various reports by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a significant number of lives are lost each passing year due to the spread of infections in hospitals that could otherwise have been prevented (Alp & Damani, 2015). Therefore, effort geared towards understanding infection control plays a significant role in reducing the otherwise unnecessary loss of lives. Infection control entails the power to directly prevent or determine the spread of infections with the aim of avoiding it (Berríos-Torres, et al., 2017). Indeed, the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms has far-reaching consequences. While so much has been done to prevent its spread, there is still a lot more to be done. This research paper intends to focus on Healthcare-associated Infections and how it can be prevented if not eliminated altogether.
Statement of the Problem
Healthcare-Associated Infections are a common occurrence in the modern healthcare setting resulting in huge financial losses and loss of lives. According to the Office of Disease Prevention and Healthcare Promotion (ODPHP), these are infections that patients contract while receiving treatment in a medical facility. Percival, Suleman, Vuotto & Donelli, (2015) pointed out that its prevalence is as a result of the employment of invasive devices and procedures meant to treat patients and to help them recover. While most of them are accidental in nature, they still remain to be seen as accidents that could have been prevented. The US government, through the establishment of Healthy People 2020 and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) have taken a lead role in spreading the news on infection control. To that effect, recent research reveals that there could be a 70% reduction in infections by implementing existing prevention practices. This translates to a financial benefit estimated to be $31.5 billion in medical cost savings (ODPHP, 2019). Understanding these prevention measures should, therefore, be a priority to all healthcare practitioners. That is why this research study intends to shade more light on nosocomial infections. These are infections that occur within 48 hours upon admission into a hospital. They can also occur in three days of discharge or 30 days of operation. They affect one in every 10 patients admitted in a hospital (Khan, Baig & Mehboob, 2017; Suleyman, & Alangaden, 2016).
Rationale for addressing the issue
Addressing this issue is important to the health sector from a political, social as well as environmental perspective. As a matter of fact, its impact will be on a short term, interim basis and long term basis. Politically, health has always been a major subject of concern as it is used by voters to determi.
Running head PROFESSIONAL CAPSTONE AND PRACTICUM1PROFESSIONA.docxtodd581
Running head: PROFESSIONAL CAPSTONE AND PRACTICUM 1
PROFESSIONAL CAPSTONE AND PRACTICUM 5
Falls and Related Injuries
Nanah Kamara Comment by Nelson, Emily Jeanette: Please see my comments in your previous assignment about how to format your title page.
GCU
Falls and Related Injuries
Nurses, being the initial contacts for patients in any most health facilities and the fact they interact or engage with patients more when compared to other providers of care constitute a critical component of the healthcare system. Consequently, nurses play a much huge role in making sure that the healthcare system provides not only safe care but also and care of high standard or quality (Sato, Hase, Osaka, Sairyo & Katoh, 2018). However one of the major healthcare or nursing issue over the years is the fall and associated injuries which have proved not only difficult for healthcare providers and facility to manage. The purpose of this essay is to… Comment by Nelson, Emily Jeanette: Reference needed
For instance, and according to DuPree, Fritz-Campiz & Musheno, (2014), Unintentional falls constitute the highest cause of non-fatal injuries among people over 65 years in the US. Moreover, one in every three individuals above 65 years falls at least one time in a given year. In addition, injuries from falls cause the highest number of accidental deaths among people 65-year-old and above (Tricco, Thomas, Veroniki, Hamid, Cogo, Strifler & Riva, 2017). Such statistics coupled with the extent of the costs associated with fall call for proper intervention to reduce falls and their associated injuries. For instance, the government spends billions of dollars on fall and their associated injuries on treating falls. The prevention of fall would provide increased funds for investment in other social programs aimed at improving both healthcare and addressing social or communal problems (Zakrajsek, Schuster, Wells, Williams & Silverchanz, 2018).
In addition, falls and their related injuries are responsible for almost 15% of the recorded hospitalization. This increases the burden of healthcare providers especially given the numerous stressors like staff shortage, huge workloads, leadership problems and personal factors among others. An increase in falls and associated injury, therefore, is detrimental to the provision of quality care as captured under the healthy 2020 program goal of reducing deaths that result from falls. Comment by Nelson, Emily Jeanette: Reference needed Comment by Nelson, Emily Jeanette: Reference needed
Despite this, falls are very complex and difficult to manage or prevent. Given the implications that falls bear on the patients, the healthcare providers and the healthcare system as a whole (Joseph, Henriksen & Malone, 2018), there has been increased There has been an increased research focus towards fall prevention and reduction strategies. As a result, there exist a significant amount of literature regarding the reduction and prevention of falls..
Running head PROFESSIONAL CAPSTONE AND PRACTICUM1PROFESSIONA.docxglendar3
Running head: PROFESSIONAL CAPSTONE AND PRACTICUM 1
PROFESSIONAL CAPSTONE AND PRACTICUM 5
Falls and Related Injuries
Nanah Kamara Comment by Nelson, Emily Jeanette: Please see my comments in your previous assignment about how to format your title page.
GCU
Falls and Related Injuries
Nurses, being the initial contacts for patients in any most health facilities and the fact they interact or engage with patients more when compared to other providers of care constitute a critical component of the healthcare system. Consequently, nurses play a much huge role in making sure that the healthcare system provides not only safe care but also and care of high standard or quality (Sato, Hase, Osaka, Sairyo & Katoh, 2018). However one of the major healthcare or nursing issue over the years is the fall and associated injuries which have proved not only difficult for healthcare providers and facility to manage. The purpose of this essay is to… Comment by Nelson, Emily Jeanette: Reference needed
For instance, and according to DuPree, Fritz-Campiz & Musheno, (2014), Unintentional falls constitute the highest cause of non-fatal injuries among people over 65 years in the US. Moreover, one in every three individuals above 65 years falls at least one time in a given year. In addition, injuries from falls cause the highest number of accidental deaths among people 65-year-old and above (Tricco, Thomas, Veroniki, Hamid, Cogo, Strifler & Riva, 2017). Such statistics coupled with the extent of the costs associated with fall call for proper intervention to reduce falls and their associated injuries. For instance, the government spends billions of dollars on fall and their associated injuries on treating falls. The prevention of fall would provide increased funds for investment in other social programs aimed at improving both healthcare and addressing social or communal problems (Zakrajsek, Schuster, Wells, Williams & Silverchanz, 2018).
In addition, falls and their related injuries are responsible for almost 15% of the recorded hospitalization. This increases the burden of healthcare providers especially given the numerous stressors like staff shortage, huge workloads, leadership problems and personal factors among others. An increase in falls and associated injury, therefore, is detrimental to the provision of quality care as captured under the healthy 2020 program goal of reducing deaths that result from falls. Comment by Nelson, Emily Jeanette: Reference needed Comment by Nelson, Emily Jeanette: Reference needed
Despite this, falls are very complex and difficult to manage or prevent. Given the implications that falls bear on the patients, the healthcare providers and the healthcare system as a whole (Joseph, Henriksen & Malone, 2018), there has been increased There has been an increased research focus towards fall prevention and reduction strategies. As a result, there exist a significant amount of literature regarding the reduction and prevention of falls..
COMMENTARY–INVITEDRun, Hide, Fight,” or Secure, PreserveLynellBull52
COMMENTARY–INVITED
“Run, Hide, Fight,” or “Secure, Preserve,
Fight”: How Should Health Care
Professionals and Facilities Respond to
Active Shooter Incidents?
The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) definesan active shooter as “an individual actively
engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a
confined and populated area.”1 A study of newspaper
articles and press releases identified 154 active shooter
incidents (ASIs) in hospitals in the United States in
the 12-year period 2000 through 2011.2 ASIs were
more common in larger hospitals, with 29% taking
place in the emergency department (ED) and 19% in
patient rooms. In 50% of the ASIs in an ED, the per-
petrator used a security officer’s gun.2
Current federal law enforcement guidelines recom-
mend “Run, Hide, Fight” as a stepwise response to
ASIs.3 A 2014 report issued jointly by the U.S.
Departments of Health and Human Services, Home-
land Security, and Justice; the FBI; and the Federal
Emergency Management Agency explicitly endorses
the “run, hide, fight” model for health care facilities.4
According to this strategy, one should first “run,” that
is, rapidly leave the area under attack and keep mov-
ing until one is in a safe location. If one cannot run
away, the next best option is to “hide” in as safe a
place as one can. This may include locking and barri-
cading doors and windows and remaining silent. In
the event one cannot run or hide, one should “fight”
when confronted, that is use force to disrupt or inca-
pacitate the shooter.
Law enforcement agencies endorse the “run, hide,
fight” strategy because research shows that it is the
most effective sequence of responses to protect individ-
uals during ASIs.5 Self-protection is certainly an
understandable and permissible reason for choosing a
particular action, but it is only one among a variety of
actions and reasons. Should the value of self-protec-
tion persuade health care facilities and individual
health care professionals to implement the “run, hide,
fight” response to ASIs?
In a 2018 article in the New England Journal of
Medicine, Inaba et al.6 agree that health care profes-
sionals, staff, patients, and visitors should follow the
“run, hide, fight” strategy in ASIs, provided that all
are able to take those actions. In other situations, how-
ever, these authors propose that health care facilities
and professionals consider a different response to
ASIs that they refer to as “secure, preserve, fight.”
They describe these specific health care situations and
their proposed response as follows: “for professionals
providing essential medical care to patients who can-
not run, hide, or fight owing to their medical condi-
tion or ongoing life-sustaining therapy, a different set
of responses should be considered—secure the loca-
tion immediately, preserve the life of the patient and
oneself [by continuing care that is required to preserve
life], and fight only if necessary.”6
Inaba et al. offer several reasons for their propos ...
BOS 3651, Total Environmental Health and Safety Managemen.docxarnit1
BOS 3651, Total Environmental Health and Safety Management 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit II
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
7. Examine management tools necessary to implement effective safety management systems.
7.1 Discuss the need for a safety management system to focus on serious injuries and fatalities.
7.2 Explain how human behavior and workplace processes combine to create the potential for
serious injuries.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 3:
Innovations in Serious Injury and Fatality Prevention
Chapter 4:
Human Error Avoidance and Reduction
Chapter 5:
Macro Thinking: The Socio-Technical Model
Unit Lesson
Serious injuries and human error play pivotal roles in the success of any accident prevention effort. The costs
and other consequences created by accidents dictate the need for changes that will ensure a reduction in
their occurrence. Discussing serious injuries and human error in this unit will better prepare us to tackle the
details of safety management systems and ANSI/AIHA Z10 in subsequent units.
UNIT II STUDY GUIDE
Serious Injury Prevention
and Human Error Reduction
Safety pyramid based on H. W. Heinrich’s study of industrial accidents. “Heinrich’s Law”
proposed that for every major injury 29 minor injuries and 300 noninjury incidents occur
(Heinrich, 1931).
BOS 3651, Total Environmental Health and Safety Management 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
In the course textbook, Manuele (2014) challenges the notion that if we eliminate all the minor injuries, the
severe injuries will be taken care of as well. The accident pyramid concept first proposed by H.W. Heinrich in
the 1930s has been embraced by safety professionals for decades.
Manuele (2014) presents some compelling evidence that perhaps we need to focus on the top of the pyramid
rather than the bottom. His research has demonstrated that incident frequency may have been reduced over
the past several decades, but severity has not decreased proportionately. He also shows that serious injuries
most often occur in nonroutine and nonproduction activities.
On what do safety professionals focus most of their prevention efforts? Routine and production activities! Of
course, increased exposure increases the risk, but if we are not experiencing serious injuries in these routine
operations, maybe we have them under control and should focus more of our efforts on the nonroutine. Keep
in mind that one fatal injury can quickly undo years of safety program building.
Trying to identify the nonroutine operations is reminiscent of former Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld’s
“known knowns and unknown knowns” comments from a few years ago. Or was it “known unknowns”?
Whatever—the point is that we need to examine our safety culture to see if it supports identification of the
unknowns. Is incident reporting supported by policies that do not place blame? Does the incident investigation
...
Hello Dr Kyzar and Class· Does the research design answer the reSusanaFurman449
Hello Dr Kyzar and Class
· Does the research design answer the research question? Explain your rationale.
Lloyd et al., 2018 focused at establishig whether the school-based interventions for children of ages 9-10 years would help in preventive excessive weight gain after 24 months. The researchers used pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial of the Healthier Lifestyle Programme (HeLP) which is a school-based obesity prevention intervention that was performed in 32 schools found in the southwest England. This method is revealing school as the ideal location for the childhood obesity preventiuon programs due to the near-universal reach f children in the socioeconomic spectrum. It also shows the importance of the change in the diet and physical activity behaviors and their impacts on the weight status (Lloyd, et al., 2018). Were the study sample participants representative? Why or why not?
The sample calculation assumed a mean of 35 children age 9-10 years in every school and this implies that a total of 1,120 samples were used. This is a good number that can represents the problems at the 32 schools that were being targeted by the researchers.
Compare and contrast the study limitations in this study.
The findings of the study shows that the effectiveness of the school-based obesity prevention programmed is inconclusive and contradictory. The interventions used are highly heterogenous in the design and most of the studies used for the research have some methodological weaknesses for example the inadequate statistical power, greater levels of attrition, differential uptake, follow-up, and the short-lived follow-up.
· Based on this evidence summary, would you consider this systematic review as support for your selected practice problem? Explain your rationale.
Two themes were considered to be important i.e. energy in and decision making and the responsibility. It is clear that school hosts many children and can therefore be used as ideal place to deliver the population-based interventions. Even though it might not adequately intensed to affect both school and the family environment hence wieght of the children, it needs to be promoted since it helps in changing the health behaviors of the children. This is important in addressing the issue of childhood obesity sinnce it helps in promoting healthy behaviors among children (Lloyd , et al., 2018).
References
Lloyd, J., CStat, C. S., Logan, S., Green, C., Dean, S., Hillsdon , M., Abraham, C., Tomlinson, R., Pearson, V., Taylor, R., Ryan, E., Price, L., Streeter, A., Wyatt, K., & Wyatt, K. (2018). Effectiveness of the Healthy Lifestyles Programme (HeLP) to prevent obesity in UK primary-school children: a cluster randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 2(1), 35-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(17)30151-7
2
Evidence Synthesis
Student’s Name
Department, Institutional Affiliation
Course Title
T ...
PET CT beginners Guide covers some of the underrepresented topics in PET CTMiadAlsulami
This lecture briefly covers some of the underrepresented topics in Molecular imaging with cases , such as:
- Primary pleural tumors and pleural metastases.
- Distinguishing between MPM and Talc Pleurodesis.
- Urological tumors.
- The role of FDG PET in NET.
LGBTQ+ Adults: Unique Opportunities and Inclusive Approaches to CareVITASAuthor
This webinar helps clinicians understand the unique healthcare needs of the LGBTQ+ community, primarily in relation to end-of-life care. Topics include social and cultural background and challenges, healthcare disparities, advanced care planning, and strategies for reaching the community and improving quality of care.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
COVID-19 PCR tests remain a critical component of safe and responsible travel in 2024. They ensure compliance with international travel regulations, help detect and control the spread of new variants, protect vulnerable populations, and provide peace of mind. As we continue to navigate the complexities of global travel during the pandemic, PCR testing stands as a key measure to keep everyone safe and healthy. Whether you are planning a business trip, a family vacation, or an international adventure, incorporating PCR testing into your travel plans is a prudent and necessary step. Visit us at https://www.globaltravelclinics.com/
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
For those battling kidney disease and exploring treatment options, understanding when to consider a kidney transplant is crucial. This guide aims to provide valuable insights into the circumstances under which a kidney transplant at the renowned Hiranandani Hospital may be the most appropriate course of action. By addressing the key indicators and factors involved, we hope to empower patients and their families to make informed decisions about their kidney care journey.
1. Running head: EMERGENCY ROOM VIOLENCE: SOLUTIONS 1
Emergency Room Violence: Solutions
Edward Struzinski
Kaplan University
2. EMERGENCY ROOM VIOLENCE: SOLUTIONS 2
Emergency Room Violence: Solutions
This is the third essay in a series surrounding the issue of violence seen in healthcare,
specifically in the emergency department. It is a significant subject for reasons including patient
and staff safety, poor training, under-reporting of events, and injuries incurred that can have
lifetime consequences. Death to healthcare workers has resulted from violent outbursts occurring
in the hospital: deaths that were in all likelihood, senseless acts of aggression that could have
been prevented had potentials solutions been identified and followed. To that end, this essay
shall discuss ideas and actions that have been shown to reduce violence in the emergency
department, including concepts that are evidence-based in literature. A detailed discussion will
follow in regard to the presence of security personnel and other measures, de-escalation training
programs, and finally environmental considerations.
Security: A peaceful presence or fueling the fire?
In considering the topic of violence, the idea of safety and security automatically comes
to mind. How can it be achieved? The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) was enacted
in 1970 to protect employees from harm occurring to them on the job, and that it is the duty of
employers to maintain all workers are free of workplace hazards that can lead to death or
physical harm, including acts of workplace violence (Gillespie, Gates, Miller, & Howard, 2012;
U.S. Department of Labor, 2014). The presence of security personnel posted in the emergency
department to achieve a safe and secure environment, free from violence and any possible
aggression from patients and/or visitors, seems logical. But a literature review indicates that
security officials also lead into the problem, inciting more violence. Participants in one study
stated that contacting security was comparable to raising the stakes or ante in a poker game and
even pouring gasoline on a fire (Gillespie et al., 2012) because of their interpersonal skills and
3. EMERGENCY ROOM VIOLENCE: SOLUTIONS 3
treatment toward individuals who are already showing aggression. This can have greater
negative effects than positive returns, especially when a strong personality or drill-sergeant type
attitude is injected into an already hostile situation. Not every upset individual will respond
positively to being commanded to calm down, just like not all fires can be extinguished with
water. Some turn dramatically worse when it is applied. However, despite any negative
consequences and undesirable approach security personnel may have on a situation, participants
across the studies unanimously agreed they are a substantial and integral part in maintaining
overall safety in the emergency department and that a uniformed presence of a guard actually
lowered violence from erupting (Gillespie et al., 2012).
Re-modeling of approaches
To that end, appropriate training of personnel and certain environmental considerations
have been proven through evidence-based practice to reducing aggression or escalating it further.
Strong consideration to building design of the hospital and layout of the emergency department,
authorized-access only zones, and surveillance systems can all help control the flow of people,
adding to staff protection (Pinar & Ucmak, 2011). Other points to ponder influencing violence in
the emergency department is long waiting times and over-crowding. Building design can help
alleviate the issue of over-crowding, though the issue of impatience of people will still exist
despite the best architectural layout. The expectancy from patients and visitors for healthcare
workers to expedite processes is often a factor in frustration and escalating tempers, though it is
also variable to culture. Americans, living in a technology-driven era that is focused on
everything from internet and downloading speeds to time spent at a drive-thru or watching for
the stoplight to turn green, are generally far less forgiving with regard to waiting. According to
Pich, Hazelton, Sundin, and Kable (2010), the majority of violence erupting happened within the
4. EMERGENCY ROOM VIOLENCE: SOLUTIONS 4
first hour of presenting to the emergency department with patients assigned a triage level of three
or four and expected to might wait about one hour. Knowles, Mason, and Moriarty (2013) also
found that the duration of waiting are directly related to and contribute to violence erupting in the
emergency department. Incorporating advocacy into the waiting room, staff training, and
considering structural design of the emergency department have all been suggested as avoidable
strategies (Ogundipe et al., 2013) to use against the initiation or escalation of violence.
De-escalation is one such training to consider. It focuses on a psychological approach to
dealing with upset individuals and developing a relationship that effectively makes a connection
showing empathy for the individual. This type of training is important for several reasons,
notwithstanding the skills acquired to recognize a dangerous situation but how to deal with it.
Evidence has demonstrated that de-escalation training that is routinely performed was positively
correlated with a lower incidence of violence occurring. A twenty-three percent drop was
associated with the trainings in a one-year study by researchers. According to Gillam (2014),
monthly records of code purples, the hospital code for a violent situation, were decreased when
greater percentages of staff received non-violent crisis intervention education in the previous
three to five month window of time.
Conclusion
As violence in healthcare increases, and recalling it to be a problem for all emergency
departments worldwide, considering all options that can help prevent these occurrences from
first happening is vital to patient and staff safety. Uniformed security guards, although not
necessarily all trained in formal police tactics, have demonstrated to be a deterrent of violence by
their very uniformed appearance alone. Waiting time reduction methods using diversionary ideas
or placing a volunteer to act as a patient advocate can mitigate incidence of violence occurring
5. EMERGENCY ROOM VIOLENCE: SOLUTIONS 5
while waiting to be seen. Finally, training programs in de-escalation techniques is another
preventable measure to take, though it is costly to invest a training program into individuals who
may not show longevity with the hospital. However, all violence comes with an unpredictable
amount of risk, from bruises to death, and it is impossible to estimate the cost of the
consequences from a violent event. Gillam (2014) raises the unavoidable question if, based on
the amount of participants in the study, spending nearly one percent of an annual payroll worth
the investment to see a twenty-three percent reduction of violence? The answer may not be as
clear to many administrators operating on strict budgets, as it would be to the nurses and other
staff who bear the burden of most violence in the emergency department. Powley (2013) states
that all emergency department staff should be trained to identify and approach violent or
aggressive individuals for their own safety and the safety of others. Recall that the Occupational
Safety and Health Act was enacted over forty years ago to promote safety in the workplace, a
safety that is worth every penny invested.
6. EMERGENCY ROOM VIOLENCE: SOLUTIONS 6
References
Gillam, S. (2014). Nonviolent crisis intervention training and the incidence of violent events in a
large hospital emergency department: An observational quality improvement study.
Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal, 36(2), 177-188.
doi:10.1097/TME.00000000000000
Gillespie, G., Gates, D. M., Miller, M., & Howard, P. (2012). Emergency department workers'
perceptions of security officers' effectiveness during violent events. Work, 42(1), 21.
Ogundipe, K., Etonyeaku, A., Adigun, I., Ojo, E., Aladesanmi, T., Taiwo, J., & Obimakinde, O.
(2013). Violence in the emergency department: A multicentre [sic] survey of nurses'
perceptions in Nigeria. Emergency Medicine Journal: EMJ, 30(9), 758-762.
doi:10.1136/emermed-2012-201541
Pich, J., Hazelton, M., Sundin, D., & Kable, A. (2010). Patient-related violence against
emergency department nurses. Nursing & Health Sciences, 12(2), 268-274.
doi:10.1111/j.1442-2018.2010.00525.x
Pinar, R., & Ucmak, F. (2011). Verbal and physical violence in emergency departments: A
survey of nurses in Istanbul, Turkey. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 20(3/4), 510-517.
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03520.x
Powley, D. (2013). Reducing violence and aggression in the emergency department. Emergency
Nurse, 21(4), 26-29.
U.S. Department of Labor. (2014). OSH Act of 1970, Sec. 5. Duties. Retrieved from
https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/
owadisp.show_document?p_table=OSHACT&p_id=3359