ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT

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INSTITUTE OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY, ISLAMABAD
Assignment 3
Subject Engineering Management
Submitted by: Rahab Mujahid 170101065
Batch: Aero-16 Section: A
Submitted to: Asst. Prof. Gohar Majeed
Submission Date: May 18, 2021

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Table of Contents
Engineering Management ASSIGNMENT 3.......................................................................................................................2
Question............................................................................................................................................................................3
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................3
Deliverables...................................................................................................................................................................3
Outcomes......................................................................................................................................................................3
Project Management Elements ....................................................................................................................................3
Work Breakdown Structure ..........................................................................................................................................4
Gantt Chart (Compressed)............................................................................................................................................4
Gantt Chart (Extended).................................................................................................................................................4
Assigning Alphabets and Predecessors.........................................................................................................................6
Network Diagram..........................................................................................................................................................6
Time Estimates..............................................................................................................................................................6
Assigning EST, EFT, LST and LFT ....................................................................................................................................7
Finding Critical Pathway................................................................................................................................................7
Probability of Project Completion.................................................................................................................................8
Engineering Management ASSIGNMENT 3

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Question
Engineering senior students undertake FYP project as a culmination of their undergrad studies in the
university. In this assignment, each FYP group is required to make a detailed project review report of
their FYP containing the following;
Part 1
Executive Briefing to include brief introduction of the project, deliverables, outcome achieved and
project mgt elements covered.
Solution
Introduction
In the last couple of decades, interest in airships arose due to the advancement of technology. Airships have
high endurance and the ability to hover or station with minimal energy expenditure as compared to fixed or
rotary wing aircraft. The dynamics of an airship are different from that of a conventional aircraft, with
significant effects from added mass and inertia. This project is related to developing a mathematical model
of an airship dynamics and designing a control system that can guarantee high performance. A reference
model of an airship is selected then a non-linear mathematical model is derived using dynamics of airship.
The non-linear PID controllers are designed in longitudinal and lateral planes. The responses obtained are
validated against the results already available in the literature. The performance of controllers is also tested
by inclusion of wind model as a disturbance vector in the airship dynamics. Discrete wind gust model block
from Simulink is used to generate a wind field and the airship shows good performance under gusting wind
model. Thus, it can be guided through the set of waypoints with careful speed and trajectory planning. The
mathematical model and control system of the selected airship is developed using MATLAB and Simulink.
Deliverables
 Mathematical model of an airship
 MATLAB code of the mathematical model
 Simulation model
 Non-linear controller design (PID & SM)
 Wind model inclusion
 Path tracking
 Results Analysis
Outcomes
 Mathematical model
 MATLAB code of the mathematical model
 Simulation model
 Non-linear controller design (PID & SM)
 Wind model inclusion
 Path tracking
Project Management Elements

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Part 2
Work Break Down Structure to include atleast five main activities and each having atleast two sub
activities/tasks
Solution
Work Breakdown Structure
Part 3
Gantt Chart to include start and finish time of activities, their relationship with one another.
Solution
Gantt Chart (Compressed)
Gantt Chart (Extended)

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Part 4
Develop activity on node network model and find critical path by using PERT (assign optimistic,
pessimistic and most likely times using ur judgment following guidelines given during the lecture).
Take week as a time unit.
Solution

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Assigning Alphabets and Predecessors
Activity Description Immediate Predecessors
A Literature review -
B Thesis A
C Mathematical Modelling A
D Simulation Model C
E Controller Design D
F PID E
G SMC E
H Wind Model D
I Path Tracking F, H, G
J Analysis B
Network Diagram
Time Estimates
In this table, the pessimistic, optimistic and probable times are assigned to the activities. The expected time
is calculated by using the formula,
𝑡 =
𝑎 + 4𝑚 + 𝑏
6

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Activity Description Immediate
Predecessors
Optimistic
time (a)
(Weeks)
Probable
time (m)
(Weeks)
Pessimistic
Time (b)
(Weeks)
Expected
time (t)
(Weeks)
Variance
[(b-a)/6]2
(Weeks)
A Literature
review
- 4 5 10 5.67 1.000
B Thesis A 25 30 40 30.83 6.250
C Mathematical
Modelling
A 3 6 11 6.33 1.778
D Simulation
Model
C 2 3 7 3.50 0.694
E Controller
Design
D 5 4 7 4.67 0.111
F PID E 3 5 9 5.33 1.000
G SMC E 6 9 16 9.67 2.778
H Wind Model D 2 6 7 7.17 6.250
I Path
Tracking
F,H,G 9 5 6 7.33 1.000
J Analysis B 3 4 15 4.17 0.250
Sum → 62 77 138 84.67
Assigning EST, EFT, LST and LFT
In this table the earlier start time, earlier finish time, latest start time and latest finish time are assigned to the
different activities. After that the slack time is determined to check whether the calculations are on critical
pathway or not.
Activity ES time EF time LS time LF time Slack LS-
EF
On critical
path
A 0 5.67 0 5.67 0 YES
B 5.67 36.5 6.34 37.17 0.67 NO
C 5.67 12 5.67 12 0 YES
D 12 15.5 12 15.5 0 YES
E 15.5 20.17 15.5 20.17 0 YES
F 20.17 25.5 24.51 29.84 5.33 NO
G 20.17 29.84 20.17 29.84 0 YES
H 15.5 22.67 22.67 29.84 7.17 NO
I 29.84 37.17 29.84 37.17 0 YES
J 37.17 41.34 37.17 41.34 0 YES
Finding Critical Pathway

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Part 5
Calculate probability of project completion by using normal distribution. Take due date four weeks
advance of expected date.
Solution
The project variance has been calculated by summing up the variances of the activities on critical pathway.
Critical Activities Variance
A 1.000
C 1.778
D 0.694
E 0.111
G 2.778
I 1.000
J 0.250
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝛴 (𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝐶𝑃) = 𝛴(𝐴 + 𝐶 + 𝐷 + 𝐸 + 𝐺 + 𝐼 + 𝐽)
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 1 + 1.778 + 0.694 + 0.111 + 2.778 + 1 + 0.25 = 7.61
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝐷𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝜎𝑇 = √𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = √7.61
𝜎𝑇 = 2.759
Probability of Project Completion
Using standard normal distribution equation, we can find are under the curve and can find probability of
project completion.
𝑍 =
𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 − 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
Expected time of project completion is 41.34 weeks so due date according to the instructions in assignment
should be four weeks more, i.e., 45.34 weeks.

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𝑍 =
45.34 − 41.34
2.759
𝑍 = 1.45
Looking at the statistical table, area under the standard normal distribution curve is 0.9265. It means there
are 92.65 percent chances that project will be completed in 45.34 weeks.
Part 6
Findings and conclusions on applying PERT to FYP.
Solution
• When the time (weeks) of individual activities is summed up, the total pessimistic time required to
complete project is 62 weeks, optimistic time for project completion is 77 weeks, the probable time
is 138 weeks and the expected time to complete the project comes out to be 84.67 weeks.
• The critical pathway is ACDEGIJ
• The expected time of completion of project calculated through critical pathway is 41.34 weeks.
• The slack time of each of the critical activities comes out to be 0.
• The slack time for each of the non-critical activities is non-zero. Slack time for activity B is 0.67
weeks, activity F has 5.33 weeks whereas activity H has slack time of 7.17 weeks.
• The probability of completion of the project in due time is 92.65%.