This document summarizes Eljack's Neuroscience Event. It discusses brain structures involved in cognition like associational cortices, the basal ganglia, and limbic system. It also defines intelligence and describes Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences, which identifies eight types of intelligence like linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist. The event covered these topics and encouraged further discussion on Facebook.

1. Eljack’s
Neuroscience Event
Our sixth event! (Alzaiem
Alazhari University)

2. Dedication!
To those who were there to listen and help

3. Welcome!

4. What are Eljack’s
Neuroscience Events?
Let’s see some photos!

14. Let’s get our
event started!

15. The most intelligent creature known

16. Neuroscience
of Intelligence
Objectives:
● List the important brain
structures involved in
cognition.
● Discuss the definition of
intelligence.
● List the types of
intelligence as described
by Howard Gardner.

17. Did you attend our second
and fifth events?

18. Brain Structures Involved in
Cognition

19. Boredom Alert!

20. “There is no part in the
CNS that works or acts
alone or goes completely
silent”
Ahmed Eljack

21. Principles of Associational Cortices
● Most of the neural processes of cognition are
carried out in these cortices.
● About 75% of the cerebral cortex.
● Present in all lobes of the cerebrum.

22. Principles of Associational
Cortices
● Their main function is to integrate different
inputs (from sensory, motor, or other
associational cortices).
Principles of Associational Cortices

23. Purves, D., Augustine, G., Fitzpatrick, D., Hall, W., LaMantina, A. and
White, L. (2012). Neuroscience. 5th ed. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates,
Inc. Fig. 26-1

24. Parietal Associational Cortex
● Cortex posterior to the primary somatosensory
cortex in the postcentral gyrus.
● Involved in directing attention (paying
attention to a sensory stimulus by modulation
of ongoing activity in sensory cortex).

25. Temporal Associational Cortex
● Contains the visual processing stream (for
visual recognition) and integrate visual input to
other sensory stimuli.
● The temporal associational cortex is
particularly involved in new declarative
memories (along with the hippocampal
formation).

26. Temporal Associational Cortex
● Area 22 of the brain is involved in perceiving
the emotional content of speech.
● The lateralization between Broca’s area and
area 22 is less obvious in females.

27. Frontal Associational Cortex
● Lies in the prefrontal cortex.
● Composed of:
○ Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
○ Orbital-medial (ventral-medial) prefrontal
cortex.

28. Frontal Associational Cortex
● The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is involved
in planning behavior based on inputs from
other parts of the CNS.
● It’s also involved in “working memory” which is
important for the execution of an appropriate
behavioral response.

29. ● Dorsolateral prefrontal networks play an
important role in making use of prior
experience to guide subsequent behavior.
● Damage to this part results in deficits in
working memory, impairment in planning
appropriate behavior, and disruption of
executive functions.
Frontal Associational Cortex

30. ● Orbital-medial prefrontal cortex is involved in
emotional processing, formation of
advantageous decisions, and other functions.
● Damage to this part results in impaired
functions.
Frontal Associational Cortex

31. Basal Ganglia
● The overall function of the basal ganglia is to
modulate thalamocortical activity.
● The multiple streams that pass through the
basal ganglia:
○ Dorsal motor stream (motor loop).

32. ○ Dorsal cognitive “executive” stream
(prefrontal loop).
○ Ventral limbic “emotional” stream (limbic
loop).
Basal Ganglia

33. Limbic System
● The limbic system is a collection of brain parts
that control emotions and motivations.
● It consists of the cortical structures on the
most medial edge of the hemisphere plus a
variety of subcortical nuclei and tracts.

34. ● The limbic system consists mainly of the
following:
○ Hypothalamus.
○ Parolfactory area.
○ Hippocampal formation.
○ Parahippocampus.
Limbic System

35. Limbic System
○ Amygdala.
○ Prefrontal cortex.
○ Subcallosal gyrus.
○ Cingulate gyrus.
○ Septal area.

36. Snell, R.S. Clinical Neuroanatomy. (7th ed.). Philadelphia:
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010. Fig. 9-3

37. Snell, R.S. Clinical
Neuroanatomy. (7th ed.).
Philadelphia: Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins; 2010.
Fig. 7-12

38. Nature
“Genetics”
Nurture
“Sensorimotor
experience”
Self-organization
“Cell-cell
interaction”
Factors affecting the development of the nervous system
Modified from Medical Neuroscience MOOC in Coursera

39. Let’s take
a break!

40. Definition and Types of
Intelligence

41. What is
intelligence?

43. NCC5 states that intelligence
arises as the brain reasons, plans,
and solves problems.

44. Theory of Multiple Intelligences
● Developed by Howard Gardner and mentioned
in his book Frames of Mind: The Theory of
Multiple Intelligences.
● According to the theory, an intelligence must
fulfill eight criteria:
○ potential for brain isolation by brain damage

45. ○ Place in evolutionary history
○ Presence of core operations
○ Susceptibility to encoding
○ A distinct developmental progression
Theory of Multiple Intelligences

46. ○ the existence of savants, prodigies and other
exceptional people
○ support from experimental psychology
○ support from psychometric findings
Theory of Multiple Intelligences

48. The End!

49. Don’t forget to join our
group in Facebook
Eljack’s Neuroscience
Discussion

50. Let’s have a chat!