The document discusses the elements and principles of music. It identifies 12 key elements: pitch, rhythm, structure, dynamics, pulse, texture, tempo, timbre, duration, harmony, melody. These elements are the building blocks of music and are important because they allow music to convey emotions and meanings. When combined together using these elements, a beautiful musical masterpiece can be created.

1. ELEMENTS AND PRICIPLES OF MUSIC

2. WHAT ARE THE ELEMENTS OF MUSIC?
The elements of music can be seen
as being the building blocks of
music. Without the key musical
elements, a piece of music will no
longer be music.

3. C O N C E P T U A L F R A M E W O R K
Both the Music and the Arts curricula focus on the learner as recipient of the knowledge, skills, and values
necessary for artistic expression and cultural literacy. The design of the curricula is student-centered, based on spiral
progression of processes, concepts and skills and grounded in performance based learning. Thus, the learner is
empowered, through active involvement and participation, to effectively correlate music and art to the development
of his/her own cultural identity and the expansion of his/her vision of the world.
As Music and Arts are performance-based disciplines, effective learning occurs through active experience,
participation, and performance, creative expression, aesthetic valuation, critical response, and interpretation. The skills
that are developed include reading/analyzing, listening/observing, performing, (singing, using musical instruments,
movement, acting, and playing, using different art materials, techniques and processes, responding, composing, and
creating.
The philosophical foundations upon which standards and competencies are based include: A Process of
Education by Jerome Bruner, Performance-Based Learning by Cleve Miller, Aesthetic Education by Bennett Reimer,
Multiple Intelligences by Howard Gardner, A Structure for Music Education by Ronald Thomas, Gongs and Bamboo by
Jose Maceda, Compendium on the Humanities: Musical Arts produced by the National Research Council of the
Philippines, Cultural Dictionary for Filipinos by Thelma Kintanar and Associates, Creative and Mental Growth by Viktor
Lowenfeld and W. Lambert Brittain, Discipline-Based Art Education by Elliot Eisner, Encyclopedia of Philippine Arts and
Tuklas Sining, bothproduced by the Cultural Center of the Philippines.

4. E L E M E N T S O F M U S I C
1. Pitch – how high or low a note
sounds.
2. Rhythm – defined as the pattern or
placement of sounds in time and
beats in music.
3. Structure – the way in which an
overall piece of music is arranged into
similar and contrasting sections.

5. E L E M E N T S O F M U S I C
5. Dynamics – the volume of a
performance.
6. Pulse – the beat of the music
7. Texture – the number and types of
layers used in a composition.
8. Tempo – the speed of the pulse.
9. Timbre – the tone of a musical note

6. E L E M E N T S O F M U S I C
10. Duration – the length of a musical
note.
11. Harmony – the sound produced when
two or more notes are played at the
same time.
12. Melody – the overarching tune
created by playing a succession or
series of notes

7. WHY ARE THE ELEMENTS OF MUSIC
IMPORTANT?
Music identifies sadness, happiness,
grief, hope, aspirations, inspiration, and
many more. And what makes up music
are elements. These elements are like
ingredients in a recipe – each of them
has contributions that make up a
beautiful masterpiece.