Electronics Engineering motivation and perspective

1. Electronics Engineering
Lecture- 1 : Introduction and Scope of Subject

2. Outline
1. Introduction to Electronics Engineering
2. Application of Electronics Engineering
3. Future Scope of Electronics Engineering
4. Brief History of Electronics Engg
5. Semiconductor Materials
6. Diode
7. Assignment

3. Why Study Electronics Engineering?
Electronics is Everywhere
Objective:
Introduce the basic principle and working of Electronics Circuits, devices
and instruments.
Outcome:
• Students are well equipped:
1. To handle important practical problems in Electronics, Electrical and
Computer Engineering.
2. To gain physical intuition about electronics around themselves .

4. Introduction to Electronics Engineering
Electronics Engineering
Engineer?*
Engineering
Civil Mechnical Electrical
Electronics

5. Introduction to Electronics Engineering
“Electronics is a branch of Engineering which
deals with study, design and utilization of
Electronics devices in which current flow
through vacuum, semiconductor or Gas”.
• This definition is given by IRE (Institution of
Radio Engineers)
• Nowadays IRE is known as IEEE.

6. Examples of Electronics Applications

7. Examples of Electronics Applications, Cont’d

8. Examples of Electronics Applications, Cont’d

9. Examples of Electronics Applications, Cont’d

10. Examples of Electronics Applications, Cont’d

11. Near Future in Electronics : 3D pen

12. Near Future in Electronics:
Transparent TV screen

13. Near Future in Electronics :Nail watch

14. Near Future in Electronics

15. History of Electronics
1871 : Graham Bell calling to “ HELLO” .
Did you know? Alexander Graham Bell refused to have a telephone in his
study, fearing it would distract him from his scientific work.

16. History of Electronics
• John Bardeen, William Shockley and Walter Brattain invented
the first working transistor (1947)

17. History of Electronics
Robert Noyce invented the monolithic integrated circuit chip (1959)

18. How Chips Have Shrunk

19. PN junction
Semiconductor Materials
Semiconductors are materials whose electrical
properties lie between Conductors and
Insulators.
Ex : Silicon and Germanium

20. What are P-type and N-type ?
• Semiconductors are classified in to P-type and
N-type semiconductor
• P-type: A P-type material is one in which
holes are majority carriers (++++)
• N-type: A N-type material is one in which
electrons are majority charge carriers (-----)

21. Diodes
• Electronic devices created by bringing
together a p-type and n-type region within the
same semiconductor crystal. Used for
rectifiers, LED etc

22. Diodes
• It is represented by the following symbol,
where the arrow indicates the direction of
positive current flow.

23. Forward Bias and Reverse Bias
• Forward Bias : Connect positive of the Diode
to positive of supply and negative of Diode to
negative of supply
• Reverse Bias: Connect positive of the Diode to
negative of supply and negative of diode to
positive of supply.

24. Characteristics of Diode
• Diode always conducts in one direction.
• Diodes always conduct current when “Forward
Biased” ( Zero resistance)
• Diodes do not conduct when Reverse Biased
(Infinite resistance)

25. I-V characteristics of Ideal diode

26. I-V Characteristics of Practical Diode

27. Shockley Equation















 1
exp
T
D
s
D
nV
v
I
i
Is is the saturation current ~10 -14
Vd is the diode voltage
n =intrinsic coefficient (varies from 1 -
2 )
k = 1.38 × 10–23
J/K is
At a temperature of 300 K, we have
q
kT
VT  mV
26

T
V

28. Assignment- 0
Set A (For Interview/Viva exams)
1. Who is Engineer?
2. What is difference between Electrical and Electronics Engineering?
3. What is diode?
4. What is difference between Electronics Switch and Mechanical switch?
Set-B (Question for university Examination)
5. Define Knee Voltage.
6. Draw the VI characteristics of Diode.
7. How ideal diode works as a Switch?
4. What is diode’s equation ? Calculate the diode current for applied volatge. 1.2
V at room temperature for Si diode.

29. Agenda for Next Lecture
• Discuss of Assignment solution
• Overview of Complete Syllabus
• Diode properties

30. Thank you