The document discusses form and content in language. It provides Ludwig Wittgenstein's definition of a fact as a combination of objects and explores how sentences can have the same content but different forms depending on word order. Examples are given of sentences with the same meaning but different structures, such as "The grass is green" and "Green is the grass". The document suggests form refers to how an idea is expressed through the arrangement of words while content is the actual meaning or idea being conveyed.

1. EKPHRASIS

2. EKPHRASIS
• Ludwig Wittgenstein: “The world is the totality of facts, not of things. . . . An
atomic fact is a combination of objects (entities, things).”

3. EKPHRASIS
• Ludwig Wittgenstein: “The world is the totality of facts, not of things. . . . An
atomic fact is a combination of objects (entities, things).”
• FORM and CONTENT:

4. EKPHRASIS
• Ludwig Wittgenstein: “The world is the totality of facts, not of things. . . . An
atomic fact is a combination of objects (entities, things).”
• FORM and CONTENT:
– CONTENT: What a sentence says.

5. EKPHRASIS
• Ludwig Wittgenstein: “The world is the totality of facts, not of things. . . . An
atomic fact is a combination of objects (entities, things).”
• FORM and CONTENT:
– CONTENT: What a sentence says.
– FORM: How it says it, i.e., the way the words are arranged.

6. EKPHRASIS
• Ludwig Wittgenstein: “The world is the totality of facts, not of things. . . . An
atomic fact is a combination of objects (entities, things).”
• FORM and CONTENT:
– CONTENT: What a sentence says.
– FORM: How it says it, i.e., the way the words are arranged.
“The grass is green.” / “Green is the grass.” — Same content,
different form

7. EKPHRASIS
• Ludwig Wittgenstein: “The world is the totality of facts, not of things. . . . An
atomic fact is a combination of objects (entities, things).”
• FORM and CONTENT:
– CONTENT: What a sentence says.
– FORM: How it says it, i.e., the way the words are arranged.
“The grass is green.” / “Green is the grass.” — Same content,
different form
“The sky is blue.” / “Blue is the sky.” — ?

8. EKPHRASIS
• Ludwig Wittgenstein: “The world is the totality of facts, not of things. . . . An
atomic fact is a combination of objects (entities, things).”
• FORM and CONTENT:
– CONTENT: What a sentence says.
– FORM: How it says it, i.e., the way the words are arranged.
“The grass is green.” / “Green is the grass.” — Same content,
different form
“The sky is blue.” / “Blue is the sky.” — ?
“Blue is the sky.” / “Green is the grass.” — ?

9. EKPHRASIS
• Ludwig Wittgenstein: “The world is the totality of facts, not of things. . . . An
atomic fact is a combination of objects (entities, things).”
• FORM and CONTENT:
– CONTENT: What a sentence says.
– FORM: How it says it, i.e., the way the words are arranged.
“The grass is green.” / “Green is the grass.” — Same content,
different form
“The sky is blue.” / “Blue is the sky.” — ?
“Blue is the sky.” / “Green is the grass.” — ?
“Emerald are the meadows.” / “The heavens are azure.” — ?

10. EKPHRASIS
~ Claude Monet, Rocks at Port-Goulphar, Belle-Ile (1886)

11. EKPHRASIS
In the late summer of that year we lived in a house in a village that looked across the
river and the plain to the mountains. In the bed of the river there were pebbles and
boulders, dry and white in the sun, and the water was clear and swiftly moving and
blue in the channels. Troops went by the house and down the road and the dust they
raised powdered the leaves of the trees. The trunks of the trees too were dusty and the
leaves fell early that year and we saw the troops marching along the road and the dust
rising and leaves, stirred by the breeze, falling and the soldiers marching and afterward
the road bare and white except for the leaves.
~ Ernest Hemingway, A Farewell to Arms

12. EKPHRASIS
It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen.
~ George Orwell, 1984

13. EKPHRASIS
The clocks were striking thirteen on an April day, bright and cold.

14. EKPHRASIS
Under certain circumstances there are few hours in life more agreeable than the hour
dedicated to the ceremony known as afternoon tea.
~ Henry James, The Portrait of a Lady

15. EKPHRASIS
Afternoon tea is the most agreeable hour of the day, under certain circumstances.

16. EKPHRASIS
It satisfies every childlike curiosity, every muted desire, whatever there is in him of the
scientist, the poet, the primitive seer, the watcher of fire and shooting stars, whatever
obsessions eat at the night side of his mind, whatever sweet and dreamy yearnings he
has ever felt for nameless places faraway, whatever earth sense he possesses, the
neural pulse of some wilder awareness, a sympathy for beasts, whatever belief in an
immanent vital force, the Lord of Creation, whatever secret harboring of the idea of
human oneness, whatever wishfulness and simplehearted hope, whatever of too much
and not enough, all at once and little by little, whatever burning urge to escape
responsibility and routine, escape his own overspecialization, the circumscribed and
inward spiraling self, whatever remnants of his boyish longing to fly, his dreams of
strange spaces and eerie heights, his fantasies of happy death, whatever indolent and
sybaritic leanings, lotus-eater, smoker of grasses and herbs, blue-eyed gazer into
space—all these are satisfied, all collected and massed in that living body, the sight he
sees from the window.
~ Don DeLillo, "Human Moments in World War III," 1983

17. EKPHRASIS
In Top Hats —
in Trouble,
Weegee, 1942
1

18. EKPHRASIS
The Ecstasy
of Saint
Teresa,
Bernini,
1647–1652
2

19. EKPHRASIS
Untitled Film Still #56,
by Cindy Sherman,
1980
3

20. EKPHRASIS
Three
Women,
Pablo
Picasso, 1908
4

21. EKPHRASIS
The first selfie
ever, Robert
Cornelius,
1839
4

22. EKPHRASIS
Time to write!