Egypt is located in North Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, Libya, Gaza Strip, Israel, and Sudan. The official name is the Arab Republic of Egypt and it joined the UN in 1945. Arabic is the most widely spoken language, along with English and French. Islam is the dominant religion practiced by about 87% of residents. The current president is Abdel Fattah el-Sisi and Egypt has a presidential republic system of government. The population is over 86 million and growing, with a high birth rate attributed to poverty. Unemployment is around 12.8% with agriculture, services, and construction common jobs. The climate is hot desert apart from the northern coast.

1. EGYPT
MY COUNTRY FACTS
BY: Ana Isabel Delgado 3ºC

2. SOME GENERAL INFORMATION
 COUNTRY NAME: The official name of my country is Arab Republic of
Egypt.
 LOCATION: It is located in North Africa, bordering on the Mediterranean
Sea to the north, Libya to the west, the Gaza Strip to the east, and Sudan to
the south. Egypt's latitude and longitude is 30° 06' N and 31° 25' E.
 YEAR THAT THE COUNTRY JOINED TO THE UN: 24 October 1945 was the
year in which Egypt joined to the United Nations. For over 50 years, UNDP
(United Nations Development Programme) has been supporting the Egyptian
government and people in their efforts to reduce poverty and to promote
sustainable human development policies. One of the most important
characteristics in UNDP Egypt’s success is its support to the Government in
building and sustaining strategic national institutions that have added a
significant value to improve people’s lives in the country.

3. ABOUT THE PEOPLE…
 HOW ARE PEOPLE LIVING IN THE COUNTRY CALLED? People living in
Egypt are called Egyptians.
 WHAT IS THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE? There are many languages spoken
in Egypt, but Egyptian Arabic is by far the most widely spoken in the country.
Arabic was adopted by the Egyptians after the Arab invasion of Egypt.
 WHAT OTHER LANGUAGES DO PEOPLE SPEAK? As Egypt was a British
colony until 1952, most educated locals learn English at school. Travelers
usually don’t have any difficulties to find someone who speaks English,
especially in the cities and tourist centers. In fact, English and French are
taught as second languages in all public Egyptian schools.
 WHAT IS THE MOST PRACTICED RELIGION IN EGYPT? The most
practiced religion in Egypt is Islam. An 87% of the population is Muslim, mainly
Sunni. Then, 12% percent of the population is Coptic Christians. The term
Coptic refers to Egyptians who profess some form of Christian faith. And
finally, 1% of the population practices other type of religion such as Coptic-
Catholic, Orthodox, etc.

4. EGYPTIAN FLAG…
•The red band symbolizes
the period before the
Revolution, a time
characterized by the
struggle against the
monarchy, and the British
occupation of the country.
•The white band symbolizes
the bloodless nature of the
Revolution itself.
•The black band
symbolizes the end of the
oppression of the Egyptian
people at the hands of the
monarchy, and foreign
imperialism
•The flag of Egypt consists of three equal horizontal red, white, and black
bands and the Eagle of Saladin looking towards the viewer's left centered
in the white band as the Egyptian’s emblem.
The "Eagle of Saladin" holds a scroll on which the
name of the state appears in Arabic scrit,
Gumhūriyyat Miṣr al-ʿArabiyyah ("Arab Republic of
Egypt"). The eagle carries on its breast a shield
with the flag's colors, but with a vertical instead of
a horizontal configuration. The eagle is rendered
entirely in gold and white.

5. ABOUT THE GOVERNMENT…
 IT IS A DEMOCRATIC OR NON-DEMOCRATIC STATE? According to the
constitution Egypt is a democratic state.
 NAME OF THE LEADER OF THE COUNTRY: Abdelfatah Al-Sisi is
Egypt’s leader. Abdelfatah Said Hussein Khalil Al-Sisi is an
Egyptian military and political. In 2013 he gave a coup d’état
in his country and the 8th of June, 2014 became president of
Egypt.
 TYPE OF GOVERNMENT THE COUNTRY IS RULED BY: According to the
constitution, Egypt is an Arab republic with a democratic
system where Islam is the state religion and legal standards
are based on the Koran, but the State is able to change the
country religion. In fact it is a presidential republic with an
Islamic religious state of moderate character.

6. ABOUT THE GOVERNMENT….
 Legislative power: Is the Majlis al-Shaab, elected for a term of five years.
Composed of 444 elected members and a further 10 appointed by the
President. The Parliament of Egypt is a unicameral legislature. The
Parliament is located in Cairo, Egypt's capital. The Parliament enacted
laws, approved the general policy of the State, the general plan for
economic and social development and the general budget of the State,
supervised the work of the government, and had the power to vote to
impeach the President of the Republic, or replace the government and its
Prime Minister by a vote of no-confidence.
 Executive power: Executive power is exercised by a Council of Ministers
headed by the Prime Minister. The President may freely decide the vice-
presidents and ministers. The President is the head of state and supreme
commander of the armed forces and represents the country's executive
power. To be elected they should be at least 40 years old, a native of
Egypt and split the nomination of at least 1/3 of the People's Assembly,
approve 2/3 and is elected for a term of six years by popular vote.

7. ABOUT THE GOVERNMENT…
 Judicial Power: The judicial power is contemplated in the
Constitution as a set of organs independent from the other
branches. It is based on English common law, Islamic law and
the Napoleonic code. Judicial review is performed by the
Supreme Court and the State Council that oversees validity of
administrative decisions. Mahfouz Saber Abdel Kader is the
minister in charge of justice.
 WAS YOUR COUNTRY EVER A COLONY? Yes, it was. The history of
Egypt under the British lasts from 1882, when it was occupied
by British forces, until 1956, when the last British forces
withdrew in accordance with the Anglo-Egyptian agreement of
1954.

8. ABOUT POPULATION…
 HOW MANY INHABITANTS DOES THE COUNTRY HAVE? 86 million
inhabitants are there in Egypt. Current male population (50.2%).
Current female population (49.8%).
 POPULATION DENSITY: Population density (people per sq. km) in
Egypt was last measured at 86.77 (2014).
 DEATH RATE. REASONS. Death rate: 4.77 deaths/1,000 population.
The main causes of a high death rate in Egypt are not having
access to those public services; impact of emerging diseases,
build capacity in areas such as lab systems and epidemiology,
strengthen immunization services, respond to public health
emergencies, and conduct surveillance, surveys, and studies.

9. ABOUT POPULATION…
 BIRTH RATE. REASONS. Birth rate: 23.35 births/1,000 population.
2,8 children per mother. Birth rates are increasing during this
years and it’s said this won’t change, birth rate will still
increasing for the next year. According to the population clock,
there are now 87 million individuals in Egypt and another 6
million Egyptians abroad, for a total of 93 million. The major
cause of an increasing birth rate in Egypt is poverty. As the
needs of households increase, the need for additional children
increases, as they represent a source of additional income
from their potential to work. Per household in Egypt is now at
four children.

10. ABOUT POPULATION…
 NATURAL GROWTH. RESASONS. Natural growth: 20.17 natural
growths/1,000 population. Life expectancy in Egypt is 71 years
old.
 HOW DO MIGRATIONS AFFECT YOUR COUNTRY? According to the official
estimates, the number of Egyptian migrants abroad is
approximately 2.7 million. Approximately 70% of them are
residing in Arab countries and the remaining 30 % are living
mostly in Europe and North America.

11. ABOUT MIGRATIONS…
 NUMBER OF MIGRATIONS. WHERE DO THEY COME FROM? WHY? Net
migration rate: -0.50 migrant(s) /1.000 inhabitants. Usually,
immigrants in Egypt come from countries that are close to it and
that have a really bad situation in relation to anything such as;
bad healthcare, mortal illnesses, wars. Some countries that
usually immigrate to Egypt are Somalia, Eritrea, etc. And some
other Muslim countries. Few people from Europe or North America
immigrate to Egypt. But, in any case, migrations in Egypt are
very low due to a civil war which is taking place nowadays.
 NUMBER OF EMIGRANTS. WHERE DO THEY GO? WHY? 6.000.000 people
emigrate from Egypt. From all that emigrants: Persian Gulf ->
5.500.000 and Europe -> 200.000 people. Nowadays there is a
terrible civil war in Egypt which makes people migrate. As well as
a social crisis and some religious problems helps some people
migrate to other countries.

12. ABOUT MIGRATIONS….
 WHICH IS THE LEGISLATION OF THE COUNTRY CONNECTED TO
EMIGRATIONS? Dr. Nahed Hussien ElAshry is in charge of
emigrations. The legislation connected to emigrations in Egypt is:
NUMBER 95
Art. 1. The territory of the Republic is open to emigrants of good
behavior and good health, under the conditions and restrictions
imposed by the Laws.
Art. 2. The laws relating to the entry, residence and deportation
of foreigners will be executed in the Republic by the General of
Immigration, under the Secretary of State Interior and Police. The
implementation of these laws is subject to the supervision and
direction of the Secretary of the Interior and Police and the Head
of General Directorate of Immigration.
 INSTITUTIONS INCHARGE OF EMIGRANTS. The International
Organization for Migration is an intergovernmental organization
founded in 1951 and deals with the issue of migration. It is in
charge of immigrants in Egypt.

13. PROBLEM WITH MIGRATIONS…
 Growing Numbers of Syrians Seek Refuge in Egypt
Since the Syrian crisis erupted in March 2011, more than 1.6
million Syrians have fled their homeland to escape the fighting.
Most have sought shelter in countries neighbouring Syria - Iraq,
Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey. But a significant number have made
their way to Egypt in recent months. They are coming by air from
Lebanon after leaving Syria, and also by sea. Since March,
UNHCR has been registering about 2,000 a week. To date, almost
80,000 have registered as refugees, with half of them women and
children. UNHCR believes there may be many more and the
refugee agency is reaching out to these people so that they can
receive vital protection and assistance and get access to basic
services. The Syrians are staying with host families or renting
apartments, mainly in urban centres such as Cairo, Sixth of
October City, Alexandria and Damietta. The refugees heading to
Egypt say they are attracted by its open door policy for Syrian
refugees and by the lower rents and living costs.

14. ABOUT GEOGRAPHY….
 Egypt, known officially as the Arab Republic of Egypt, is located in
North Africa and Southwest Asia. The majority of the country is
located in northeastern Africa, but its Sinai Peninsula extends out into
Southwest Asia, connecting the two continents.
 Egypt shares borders with the Gaza Strip and Israel, Sudan, and
Libya, and has water boundaries along the Mediterranean Sea and
the Red Sea.
 Without the Nile River, all of Egypt would be desert. Egypt is often
divided into two sections: Upper Egypt in the south and Lower Egypt
in the north. The sections are named this way because the Nile flows
from south to north. Southern Egypt's landscape contains low
mountains and desert. Northern Egypt has wide valleys near the Nile
and desert to the east and west. North of Cairo, the capital, is the
sprawling, triangular Nile River Delta. This fertile land is completely
covered with farms.

15. ABOUT GEOGRAPHY…
 Egypt essentially has a hot desert climate. The climate is generally
extremely dry all over the country except on the
northern Mediterranean coast which receives more rainfall in winter.
In the northern coast the average of low temperatures vary from
9.5 °C during wintertime to 23 °C to summertime and average of
high temperatures vary from 17 °C during wintertime to 32 °C in
summertime. In the central and the southern parts, daytime
temperatures are hotter especially in summers where averages of
high temperatures easily reach 40 °C or even more.
Northern Mediterranean Coast.
Were lower temperatures in Egypt
can be seen during wintertime.

16. ABOUT ECONOMY…
 Agriculture, services and construction are common sectors of
employment in the country.
 Unemployment Rate in Egypt increased to 12.80 percent in the third
quarter of 2015 from 12.70 percent in the second quarter of 2015.

17. ABOUT ECONOMY…
• Primary sector; 14,7%
• Secondary sector;37,2%
• Tertiary sector;48,1%
 ENERGY: PRODUCTION/CONSUMPTION; EXPORTS/IMPORTS. Egypt is the
largest oil producer in Africa outside of the Organization of the
Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and the second-largest natural
gas producer on the continent, behind Algeria. Egypt plays a vital role
in international energy markets through the operation of the Suez
Canal and the Suez-Mediterranean (SUMED) Pipeline. In 2014/15,
the Egyptian government projects that the cost of oil product
subsidies will fall to 70 billion Egyptian pounds (US $9.2 billion)
because of the subsidy reform, which led to an increase in oil product
prices in 2014, and because of the fall in global crude oil prices since
mid-2014. On the contrary, Egypt's spending on electricity subsidies
has increased and is budgeted to cost 27.4 billion Egyptian pounds
(US $3.6 billion) in 2014/15. Egypt’s energy consumption is;
1.742,91 kWh.