This document is a textbook about electronic government (e-government) authored by Rati Abuladze and published in 2013 in Tbilisi, Georgia. It provides an overview of e-government, analyzing the political and social context of the internet, models of e-government development, the economic ecosystem supported by e-government, and the relationship between e-government and social networks. It also examines the politics and policies around e-government and internet regulation in countries around the world, and discusses problems, prospects and strategic priorities for developing e-government in Georgia.

2. St. Andrew the First-Called Georgian University
of the Patriarchate of Georgia
Rati Abuladze
ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT
(Authority, Business, Society, Technology)
(Textbook)
Publishing House “UNIVERSAL”
Tbilisi 2013

3. naSromSi ganxilulia internet-sivrcis politikuri da socialuri ganzomileba, Seswavlilia eleqtronuli mTavrobis formirebis msoflio politikis gamowvevebi, gaanalizebulia eleqtronuli mTavrobis kerZo da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis momsaxurebis sistemebi, saxelmwifos marTvis midgomebi, biurokratia, arqiteqtura, eleqtronuli mTavrobis ganviTarebis tendenciebi msoflioSi, e-mTavrobis ekonomikuri ekosistema, eleqtronuli mTavroba da socialuri qseli, naCvenebia internet-sivrceSi informaciis nakadis regulireba da midgomebi, asaxulia eleqtronuli mTavrobis wvdomasa da moxmarebaze gavlenis momxdeni faqtorebi, warmodgenilia eleqtronuli mTavrobis danergvis sakvanZo sakiTxebi saqarTveloSi da
SemuSavebulia saqarTvelos eleqtronuli mTavrobis strategiuli prioritetebi, aseve ganxilulia emTavrobis sxva aqtualuri sakiTxebi.
saxelmZRvanelo gankuTvnilia biznes administrirebis, ekonomikuri, saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis, saxelmwifo marTvisa da sajaro politikis specialobis studentebisaTvis. agreTve sajaro moxeleebisa da mkiTxvelTa farTo wrisTvis, romlebic dainteresebulni arian e-mTavrobis sakiTxebiT.
damtkicebulia saxelmZRvanelod saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTuli universitetis, ekonomikisa da biznesis marTvis fakultetis sabWos (2013 wlis 17 ivnisis
sxdomis oqmi@# №44 ) mier.
#
damtkicebulia saxelmZRvanelod saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis, biznes-inJineringis fakultetis biznes administrirebis departamentis (2013 wlis 10 ivnisis sxdomis oqmi@# №4) mier.
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avtori:
rati abulaZe -
ekonomikis doqtori, profesori,
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTuli universiteti, grigol robaqiZis saxelobis universiteti;
redaqtorebi:
vaxtang sarTania - ekonomikis mecnierebaTa doqtori, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTuli universitetis sruli profesori, ekonomikisa da
biznesis marTvis fakultetis dekani;
evgeni baraTaSvili - ekonomikis mecnierebaTa doqtori, saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis sruli profesori, biznesis administrirebis departamentis ufrosi;
eZRvneba uwmindesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis, mcxeTa-Tbilisis
mTavarepiskoposis da biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitis, ilia II-is
aRsaydrebidan 35 da dabadebidan 80 wlis iubiles

4. winasityvaoba
eleqtronuli mTavroba axali dargia, romelic warmoadgens Tanamedrove globaluri da nacionaluri gamowvevebis pasuxs. misi roli da mniSvneloba ganusazRvrelia saxelmwifo, kerZo da samoqalaqo cxovrebaSi.
naSromSi asaxulia e-mTavrobis teqnologiuri, ekonomikuri, politikuri da socialuri konteqsti. kompleqsuradaa gaanalizebuli eleqtronuli mTavrobis sferoSi arsebuli mdgomareoba. gaSuqebulia eleqtronuli mTavrobis problemebi, ganviTarebis ZiriTadi tendenciebi da perspeqtivebi
msoflioSi.
saxelmZRvaneloSi ganmartebuli da moyvanilia msoflio qveynebis e-mTavrobis danergvisa da
realizebis sakvanZo sakiTxebi.
saxelmZRvanelo agebulia qarTuli da ucxouri samecniero Sromebis, publikaciebis, saerTaSoriso organizaciebis angariSebis, saerTaSoriso marketinguli firmebis kvlevebis, saxelmwifo organoebis analitikuri Sromebis, mTavrobis oficialuri angariSebis, sazRvargareTis qveynebis eleqtronuli mTavrobis web-saitebis Seswavlisa da analizis safuZvelze. SedarebiTi analizis mizniT,
gamoyenebuli iqna wamyvani qveynebis e-mTavrobis midgomebi da tendenciebi.
mocemuli naSromi warmoadgens eleqtronuli mTavrobis kompleqsur gamokvlevas biznesis, sazogadoebis, teqnologiebisa da marTvis konteqstSi.
wignze muSaobisas ZiriTad mizans warmoadgenda e-mTavrobis sivrceSi mimdinare tendenciebis
Seswavla, strategiebis Camoyalibeba, analizisa da rekomendaciebis warmodgena, rac saqarTvelos
eleqtronuli mTavrobis ganviTarebis xelSewyobasa da praqtikul gamoyenebas uzrunvelyofs.
dabolos, madlierebis sityvebi minda mivuZRvna wignis Seqmna-ganviTarebis procesSi monawile
adamianebs, romlebmac naSromis Seqmnis TiToeul etapze gaweuli Seufasebeli rCevebiT, TanadgomiTa
da mxardaWeriT udidesi daxmareba aRmouCines avtors. gansakuTrebul madlierebas gamovxatav Cemi
kolegebis, TanamSromlebisa da ojaxis mimarT xelSewyobisa da gamxnevebisTvis.
uRrmes pativiscemasa da madlierebas gamovxatav redaqtorebisa da recenzentebisadmi, romlebmac komentarebiTa da winadadebebiT izrunes xarisxiani gamocemis uzrunvelyofisaTvis.
naSromis originalobidan gamomdinare dazRveuli araa xarvezebisagan, Sesabamisad avtori siamovnebiT miiRebs saqmian SeniSvnebsa da rCevebs, romelsac gaiTvaliswinebs momaval saqmianobaSi.
PhD rati abulaZe
© yvela saavtoro ufleba daculia. rati abulaZe
akrZalulia wignSi moyvanili masalebis (teqsti, ilustracia Tu sxva) gadabeWdva, gamravleba an gavrceleba komerciuli mizniT, avtoris werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe
r. abulaZe, 2013
gamomcemloba `universali~, 2013
Tbilisi, 0179, i. WavWavaZis gamz. 19, : 2 22 36 09, 5(99) 17 22 30
E-mail: universal@internet.ge
ISBN 978-9941-22-044-9

5. Contents
Preface ........................................................................................... ..5
Abbreviations ................................................................................. 18
Introduction .................................................................................. 21
CHAPTER 1. Analyze of Internet-Space in Political and
Social Context ........................................................... 26
1.1. Internet Administering and Governing Bodies ........... 26
1.2. Social and Political Environment of Internet .............. 33
CHAPTER 2. Electronic Government and Peculiarities of State
Administration .............................................................. 43
2.1. Concept of Electronic Management ............................ 43
2.2. Essence of E-government, Main Model and Stages of
Development ............................................................... 54
2.3. Architecture of E-government .................................... 64
2.4. Intranet and Extranet Systems of E-government......... 76
2.5. Institutional Models of Administering the
E-government............................................................ 80
2.6. Strategically Planning of E-government ..................... 84
2.7. Service System of E-government ............................... 91
2.8. Business Models of E-government ............................. 109
CHAPTER 3. Environment of E-government ........................... 123
3.1. TRANSFORMATION OF GOVERNMENT IN E-GOVERNMENT 123
3.2. E-government and Bureaucracy .................................. 128
3.3. E-government and Gender ......................................... 137
3.4. E-Governmental and Globalization............................. 147
CHAPTER 4. Economic Ecosystem of E-government ............. 155
4.1.E-government, as an Ecosystem Supporting the
Economic Development ........................................... 155
4.2.Benefit and Expenses of E-government ....................... 162
CHAPTER 5. E-governent and Social Network ........................ 171
5.1. Site Environment of Social Network ......................... 171
5.2. Political Role and Value of Social Network .............. 181
5.3.E-Government and Social Media ................................. 187
5.4.Modern Tendencies of Development of
Blogosphere in the World .......................................... 198
5.5. Commercial Value of Social Network ....................... 207
CHAPTER 6. Politics of Internet and E-government Formation
in the World ............................................................. 218
6.1. Politcs of E-government in the World ........................ 218
6.1.1.Sweden .............................................................. 219
6.1.2.Great Britain...................................................... 222
6.1.3.France................................................................ 226
6.1.4. Italy .................................................................. 228

6. 6.1.5.Austria ............................................................... 230
6.1.6.Switerland ......................................................... 231
6.1.7.Canada .............................................................. 232
6.1.8.Germany............................................................ 233
6.1.9.Estonia .............................................................. 234
6.1.10.Australia .......................................................... 235
6.1.11.Philippines....................................................... 237
6.1.12.Saudi Arabia.................................................... 238
6.1.13.Brazil............................................................... 238
6.1.14.Iran .................................................................. 239
6.1.15.India ................................................................ 240
6.1.16.Mexico ............................................................ 241
6.1.17.Ethiopia ........................................................... 242
6.1.18.Turkey ............................................................. 244
6.1.19.Romania .......................................................... 245
6.1.20.Croatia ............................................................. 245
6.1.21.Brunei.............................................................. 246
CHAPTER 7. E-government and Internet Information
Environment ............................................................. 248
7.1. E-government and Informative Society ...................... 248
7.2. Internet-Space and Challenges of Cyberpolitics ........ 255
7.3. Regulation and Limitations of Internet Space ............. 266
7.3.1. France............................................................... 275
7.3.2. Great Britain..................................................... 277
7.3.3. Germany .......................................................... 279
7.3.4. Denmark........................................................... 282
7.3.5. Israel................................................................. 283
7.3.6. Singapore ........................................................ 285
7.3.7. United states ..................................................... 287
7.3.8. Canada ............................................................. 290
7.3.9. Italy .................................................................. 291
7.3.10.Switzerland ..................................................... 292
7.3.11.Finland ............................................................ 292
7.4. Internet Enemies ........................................................ 292
7.4.1. Myanmar (Burma) .......................................... 294
7.4.2. China ................................................................ 295
7.4.3. Cuba ................................................................. 299
7.4.4. Egypt ................................................................ 300
7.4.5. Iran ................................................................... 302
7.4.6. North Korea ..................................................... 305
7.4.7. Saudi Arabia..................................................... 306
7.4.8. Syria ................................................................. 308
7.4.9.Tunisia .............................................................. 310
7.4.10.Turkmenistan .................................................. 313
7.4.11.Uzbekistan....................................................... 315

7. 7.4.12.Vietnam........................................................... 317
7.5. Internet Surveillance ................................................. 319
7.5.1.Russia ............................................................... 320
7.5.2.Australia ........................................................... 325
7.5.3.Bahrain .............................................................. 327
7.5.4.Belarus .............................................................. 328
7.5.5.Eritrea................................................................ 329
7.5.6.Malaysia ............................................................ 331
7.5.7.South Korea ...................................................... 332
7.5.8. Sri Lanka .......................................................... 334
7.5.9.Thailand ............................................................ 335
7.5.10. Turkey ............................................................ 337
7.5.11. United Arab Emirates..................................... 339
7.6. Georgian Internet - Censorship ................................... 342
7.7. Technologies of Regulating the Information Space
and Avoiding Internet- Censorship ............................ 346
CHAPTER 8. Problems and Prospects of Developing
the E-government ..................................................... 352
8.1. Tendencies of Developing E-government in the
World ........................................................................ 352
8.2. Prevalages and Challenges of E-government ............. 360
CHAPTER 9. E-government in Georgia ................................... 370
9.1. The georgian Telecommunicaiton Market and
Environment of E-government................................... 370
9.2. System of Implementing the E-government in
Georgia and its Defining Factors ............................... 377
9.3. Strategical Priorities of E-government of Georgia ..... 386
APPENDIX 1 ............................................................................. 399
APPENDIX 2 ............................................................................. 401
REFERENCES ........................................................................ 407
ISBN 978-9941-22-044-9