1. Carlos F. Camargoh, Ph.D.------------------------Designing for On-line Learning------------------------------------------------------------ 1
Learning Activities Chart for Migration of Ohana Material for Online Instruction
TRADITIONAL
LEARNING
ACTIVITY
USEFUL ON-LINE
COMPONENT
ISSUES FOR:
Learning Center
Administration
Learning Center Instructor Learning Center Client
Lecture
Course notes in
electronic form
Audio Files
Worktime needed to create
the notes on-line
Copyright protection
required
Costs of Hardware (HW) and
Software (SW)
Takes long time to write
Need copyright protection
Need assistance with
recording/digitizing HW/SW
Need training (e.g., how to
keep your voice interesting,
how to keep lecture notes
interesting)
Tiring to read from
the screen
Printing may be a
hassle
May contravene
copyright law
HW/SW issues
Some students don't
know how to
download files for
printing
Seminar
Presentation on-line
Research
Bulletin board postings
Conference postings
Time Validity
Time to arrange and monitor
Generally a good use of the
medium
Works for ‘shy’ non-
verbal student
Selected Reading
On-line readings:
library basis (full-text)
course notes
links to web, FTP and
telnet sites
Production costs
Policies/standards
Style Standards
Copyright law
Tracking what student does
and uses - for evaluation
purposes. (instructor needs
skills re: this)
Access cost
Reading vs. printing
vs. downloading
Demonstration by
expert
Simulations,
Conference (one to
many),
FAQs lesson notes
E-mail (one-to-one)
Video conferencing/clips
Limits of some e-mail to
receive anything more than
text
Transfer of large files
problem
Need up-to-date hardware
and software
Distribution per Fair Use rules
Keep up-to-date with
technology
Anticipate problems - FAQs
Internet research skills
Screen fatigue
Access to computers
Lack of interpersonal
communication and all
that it entails
Requires discipline
Shift to being outside
the classroom
Response from
instructor not always

2. Carlos F. Camargoh, Ph.D.------------------------Designing for On-line Learning------------------------------------------------------------ 2
TRADITIONAL
LEARNING
ACTIVITY
USEFUL ON-LINE
COMPONENT
ISSUES FOR:
Learning Center
Administration
Learning Center Instructor Learning Center Client
immediate
Field Trip
Virtual trip/tours
Links to web sites of
organizations and
companies
Video clips,
Slides
Cost for preparation and
equipment
Access and copyright
Equipment related issues
Preparation time high
Expectations of students re:
quality is high
Actual use by students
unknown
Must market process to
students
Cost of ISP
Time to take a tour
Equipment costs and
access
Software costs &
access
Computer skills to run
videos
Case study
On-line research
Conference for sharing,
or for team projects
E-mail for
communication and
attachments
Security (eg. sensitive data
for industry projects)
Control of examination
environment if case is
evaluated
Control of internet access to
students (“net nanny”)
Support for instructors -
including time
Less knowledge of individual
student’s contribution to
projects
Coping with technical glitches
(i.e.. what do you do when
the network is down and you
have 3 hours of class time?)
Requires change in
communication skills
(e.g. composition of
written responses
instead of verbal)
Plagiarism is easier
(and harder) to find by
instructor
Tutorial
Chat
Conferencing
E-mail
Bulletin board
CBT
Rules of conduct
Software distribution
Instructor release time
(development and delivery)
Access & set-up of groups
Rules of conduct
Time intensive (pre-delivery)
etc.
Active/inactive presence
Student progress monitoring
Instructor access to
chat
Communication skills
as for case study
Presentation by
students or
experts
Bulletin board
Course notes
Research (pre-)
E-mail (attachments)
Graphics
Chat (postings)
On-line peer evaluation
Rules of conduct
Software distribution
Instructor release time
(development and delivery)
Rules of conduct
Time intensive (pre-delivery)
etc.
Student progress monitoring
Rules of conduct
User tutorial
Asynch. vs. sync.
Less inhibited
contribution
Student progress
monitoring

3. Carlos F. Camargoh, Ph.D.------------------------Designing for On-line Learning------------------------------------------------------------ 3
TRADITIONAL
LEARNING
ACTIVITY
USEFUL ON-LINE
COMPONENT
ISSUES FOR:
Learning Center
Administration
Learning Center Instructor Learning Center Client
Panel Discussion
Conference
Chat
Newsgroup,
Listserv,
E-mail
Technical support
Hardware
Software
Amt. of computer memory
needed
Connectivity and presence of
panel on time if synchronous
Real time vs. lag time
Communication format
Availability at time of . . .
Panel moderator required
Time required
Tracking participation
Time zone differences
Number of students that can
be handled
Archiving communications
Access costs
Time needed
Variable course start
times
Virtual team issues
Skill level re
computers, esp. typing
speed
Difficulty following
several conversation
streams if they occur
Simulation
Video
Interactive CD
Chat session
Cost of development
Cost of HW/SW
Ability to manipulate
Coaching of models and
participants
Designing realistic simulations
may require assistance
Abstract ideas may be
difficult to grasp
Hesitancy in "playing
the role" even though
authentic situation
Instructions must be
clear
Group Discussion
E-mail
Asynchronous computer
conferencing
Chat
ID access
Conferencing software for all
Chat software
Responding time
Reading time
Managing/guiding the
discussion - training for
students and/or tutors
Chat requires time slots
Time zone issues
Computer needed
Reading/writing time
Conferencing/chat
software required
Schedule conflicts
may occur as chat
requires time slots
Brainstorm
session
Chat
Conference
Time - synchronous? across
time zones?
Software requirement
Time - synchronous? across
time zones?
Class size
Somebody needs to moderate
so there is adherence to
brainstorm rules
Must have good
typing/computer skills
Need access to
computer and
software (student and
instructor)
EFL students may

4. Carlos F. Camargoh, Ph.D.------------------------Designing for On-line Learning------------------------------------------------------------ 4
TRADITIONAL
LEARNING
ACTIVITY
USEFUL ON-LINE
COMPONENT
ISSUES FOR:
Learning Center
Administration
Learning Center Instructor Learning Center Client
have problems but
also might do better in
this forum.
Guided
experience
(questioning)
Conference
Bulletin board
FAQs
Chat
Verification of e-mail
messages
Reduced student-instructor
interaction
Lack of non-verbal cues from
students
Don’t always read e-
mail in timely manner
Coaching exercise
(practice and
correction)
Simulation;
E-mail;
Bulletin board
CBT
Issues: Simulation
Cost and technology
Issues: Remainder
Volume of messages; system
maintenance, compatibility,
copyright, confidentially

Issues: Simulation
 Training, equipment
Issues: Remainder
Proctoring; workload
management; guidelines;
training
Issues: Simulation
Training equipment
access
Issues: Remainder
Cost/access to
equipment/software
Vocational
Laboratory
exercise
Chat with video
Graphics
Simulations
Technology required may be
more than is available
Steep learning curve for
instructor
One-on-one (instructor/
student) contact
Can’t read the non-verbal
cues from students
Organization of materials is
required
Student likely to work
more independently
Access to all
necessary
items/participants for
exercise is required
Team activity
Chat
Conference
E-Mail
Bulletin Board
Access
Organization
Eq. student involvement
Need to be present
Deal with disruptive students
Set ground rules
Experience with
comp.
Equal learning and
assessment
Safety of contributions
Collaborative
activity - e.g.
jigsaw
Conference,
Chat
Bulleting board
Attrition rate
Different time frames vs.
‘same calendar’ (time zones)
Keyboard speed
Dealing with “Inactive
students”
Ice breakers - new ideas
required that aren’t face-to-
Time management
(scheduling )
Trust and confidence
Typing speed

5. Carlos F. Camargoh, Ph.D.------------------------Designing for On-line Learning------------------------------------------------------------ 5
TRADITIONAL
LEARNING
ACTIVITY
USEFUL ON-LINE
COMPONENT
ISSUES FOR:
Learning Center
Administration
Learning Center Instructor Learning Center Client
face
Role play
Video with conferencing
or chat
Decision making
exercises - web site and
e-mail
Simulations - e.g. fire
Simulator video disc
with added
communications
System requirements and
capabilities
Scheduling and access (6:30
p.m. - 9:30 p.m.) difficult
Cost is high
Security required for system
Technical support needed
Equipment
Change of role (moderator,
facilitator, active)
Familiarity with media
(proficient , enthusiastic)
Security of interactions
Technical Support required
Software
Easy user access
(busy signal) - what
next?
Comfort in typing
Comfort in quick
thinking
Icons/symbols :) ;) :
Security of comments
and system
Technical Support
Writing exercise
or
Reflective activity
E-mail
Conference
Access Security,
Plagiarism
Compatibility of software
used by student/instructor
Trust
Clear instructions/
guidelines needed
New activity for most
Discomfort in writing
OWN opinion
Drill
Computer-based
training,
Practice test system
Costs to develop
Access security
Time to develop especially
when diagnostic feedback is
to be provided
Workload time (for
high bandwidth
applications)
Can be costly for
service provider time