A case study examines the use of low-level laser therapy (LLT) to treat a patient with traumatic brain injury (TBI) from repeated blows to the head with a lead pipe. The patient experienced severe, daily migraines for two years since the injury. After five 10-minute LLLT treatments over two weeks targeting areas of the scalp and head, the patient's migraine pain was eliminated according to a pain scale. The study suggests LLLT may help address symptoms of TBI through vasodilation and increased blood flow to support metabolic needs in the brain.
How Brain Activity Monitoring can Help Manage Asperger’s Syndromeandfaulkner
Using electroencephalography (a neuroimaging technique) to track mood, anxiety, stimulation level, cognitive functioning, concentration, and stress. Using feedback based on information provided by brain data (neurofeedback) to recommend therapies for Asperger's. Training and improving coping responses to states of overstimulation in Asperger's using neurofeedback-assisted mindfulness meditation. Sharing of self-collected brain data with medical professionals to improve Asperger's treatment.
Medical and pharmaceutical applications of mobile EEG (brain scanning)andfaulkner
Uses of inexpensive, personal, commercially-available, and portable EEG devices for medical research. Testing of new drugs, patient-specific drug selection, monitoring of patient progress, augmentation of treatments (via neurofeedback), prediction of 'attacks' in mental illnesses (e.g. panic disorder), and better diagnoses of neurological disorders.
Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation in Patients with a Previous PallidotomyYavuz Silay
STN DBS patients with a previous unilateral pallidotomy had less improvement in motor function compared to other STN DBS patients, despite good outcomes after pallidotomy. Specifically, the post-pallidotomy STN DBS patients' mean "off" motor UPDRS scores improved by 16.6% compared to 40.2% for controls. Improvement in dyskinesia was similar. Adverse events like worse dysarthria and balance were reported. The authors hypothesize this may be due to patient selection bias or altered neurophysiology from the prior pallidotomy impacting DBS placement/outcomes. Overall results are mixed regarding efficacy of STN DBS after pallidotomy.
The document summarizes a study that investigated whether auditory attention is necessary for the cortical propagation of binaural beats. The study found that binaural beats were detected at the proposed brain location even with a distractor task, indicating the signal propagation is independent of attentional control. This suggests binaural beats could be used for applications like relaxation or hypnosis without requiring attention.
This document discusses a study on the use of laser acupuncture to treat temporomandibular disorders (TMD). While the study claimed to use laser acupuncture, it actually used a combination of laser acupuncture on acupuncture points and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on trigger points. The laser parameters matched those typically used in LLLT studies rather than acupuncture. Future studies should clearly separate laser acupuncture from LLLT in order to properly evaluate the contribution of each approach.
Issues in brain mapping...Polymorphic delta activity and its brainmap counter...Professor Yasser Metwally
This document discusses various brain mapping terminologies used in EEGs including absolute power, relative power, coherence, symmetry, and polymorphic delta activity (PDA). PDA consists of arrhythmic slow waves that vary in frequency, amplitude, and morphology. It is commonly seen with subcortical white matter lesions and indicates deafferentation of cortical neurons from a subcortical pacemaker due to a destructive focal lesion interrupting thalamocortical pathways. PDA is nonspecific but suggests an underlying structural abnormality.
Theralase designs and manufactures patented superpulsed laser technology for biostimulative applications in human, equine, and companion animal medicine. Their laser systems safely and effectively treat pain, inflammation, and musculoskeletal conditions to accelerate healing. Theralase offers clinical research, training, marketing support, and technical support to help practitioners treat conditions and get equine athletes back in competition more quickly. Studies show Theralase laser therapy can reduce inflammation and pain and speed recovery for injuries like tendon strains, improving outcomes for equine veterinary practices and owners.
How Brain Activity Monitoring can Help Manage Asperger’s Syndromeandfaulkner
Using electroencephalography (a neuroimaging technique) to track mood, anxiety, stimulation level, cognitive functioning, concentration, and stress. Using feedback based on information provided by brain data (neurofeedback) to recommend therapies for Asperger's. Training and improving coping responses to states of overstimulation in Asperger's using neurofeedback-assisted mindfulness meditation. Sharing of self-collected brain data with medical professionals to improve Asperger's treatment.
Medical and pharmaceutical applications of mobile EEG (brain scanning)andfaulkner
Uses of inexpensive, personal, commercially-available, and portable EEG devices for medical research. Testing of new drugs, patient-specific drug selection, monitoring of patient progress, augmentation of treatments (via neurofeedback), prediction of 'attacks' in mental illnesses (e.g. panic disorder), and better diagnoses of neurological disorders.
Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation in Patients with a Previous PallidotomyYavuz Silay
STN DBS patients with a previous unilateral pallidotomy had less improvement in motor function compared to other STN DBS patients, despite good outcomes after pallidotomy. Specifically, the post-pallidotomy STN DBS patients' mean "off" motor UPDRS scores improved by 16.6% compared to 40.2% for controls. Improvement in dyskinesia was similar. Adverse events like worse dysarthria and balance were reported. The authors hypothesize this may be due to patient selection bias or altered neurophysiology from the prior pallidotomy impacting DBS placement/outcomes. Overall results are mixed regarding efficacy of STN DBS after pallidotomy.
The document summarizes a study that investigated whether auditory attention is necessary for the cortical propagation of binaural beats. The study found that binaural beats were detected at the proposed brain location even with a distractor task, indicating the signal propagation is independent of attentional control. This suggests binaural beats could be used for applications like relaxation or hypnosis without requiring attention.
This document discusses a study on the use of laser acupuncture to treat temporomandibular disorders (TMD). While the study claimed to use laser acupuncture, it actually used a combination of laser acupuncture on acupuncture points and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on trigger points. The laser parameters matched those typically used in LLLT studies rather than acupuncture. Future studies should clearly separate laser acupuncture from LLLT in order to properly evaluate the contribution of each approach.
Issues in brain mapping...Polymorphic delta activity and its brainmap counter...Professor Yasser Metwally
This document discusses various brain mapping terminologies used in EEGs including absolute power, relative power, coherence, symmetry, and polymorphic delta activity (PDA). PDA consists of arrhythmic slow waves that vary in frequency, amplitude, and morphology. It is commonly seen with subcortical white matter lesions and indicates deafferentation of cortical neurons from a subcortical pacemaker due to a destructive focal lesion interrupting thalamocortical pathways. PDA is nonspecific but suggests an underlying structural abnormality.
Theralase designs and manufactures patented superpulsed laser technology for biostimulative applications in human, equine, and companion animal medicine. Their laser systems safely and effectively treat pain, inflammation, and musculoskeletal conditions to accelerate healing. Theralase offers clinical research, training, marketing support, and technical support to help practitioners treat conditions and get equine athletes back in competition more quickly. Studies show Theralase laser therapy can reduce inflammation and pain and speed recovery for injuries like tendon strains, improving outcomes for equine veterinary practices and owners.
Theralase Technologies Inc., founded in 1995, designs, develops, manufactures and markets patented, superpulsed laser technology utilized in biostimulation and biodestruction applications. Theralase technology is safe and effective in treating pain, inflammation and for tissue regeneration of neural muscular skeletal conditions and wound healing. As well, these applications extend to the care of animals by veterinarians. Theralase is currently developing patented Photo Dynamic Compounds (PDCs) that are able to target and destroy cancers, bacteria and viruses when light activated by Theralase’s proprietary laser technology.
Theralase Technologies Inc., founded in 1995, designs, develops, manufactures and markets patented, superpulsed laser technology utilized in biostimulation and biodestruction applications. Theralase technology is safe and effective in treating pain, inflammation and for tissue regeneration of neural muscular skeletal conditions and wound healing. Theralase is currently developing patented Photo Dynamic Compounds (PDCs) that are able to target and destroy cancers, bacteria and viruses when light activated by Theralase’s proprietary and patented laser technology.
Theralase Technologies Inc. designs, develops, manufactures and markets patented, superpulsed laser technology utilized in biostimulation and biodestruction applications. The technology is safe and effective in the treatment of chronic pain, neural muscular-skeletal conditions and wound care. When combined with its patented, light-sensitive Photo Dynamic Compounds, Theralase laser technology is able to specifically target and destroy cancers, bacteria, viruses as well as microbial pathogens associated with food contamination.
Theralase is currently developing patented Photo Dynamic Compounds (PDCs) that are able to target and destroy cancers, bacteria and viruses when light activated by Theralase’s proprietary and patented laser technology.
10 differences between conventional and strategic sustainability by HapiterraPaulo Vodianitskaia
10 differences between conventional and strategic sustainability are described. While conventional approach often results in greenwashing, go to strategic is wise. Hapiterra adopts a systemic approach for sustainability management.
Talk about The Natural Step, the Strategic Framework for Sustainability, presented by Paulo Vodianitskaia at the first TEDx UFPR in Curitiba, March 2013.
Theralase Technologies Inc. is focused on developing and commercializing therapeutic laser technology and cancer treatments. They are launching an upgraded laser system called the TLC-2000 in Q1 2014 that will provide recurring revenue through monthly treatment fees. This system has been proven effective in clinical studies for pain, inflammation, and other conditions. Theralase also has patented photo dynamic compounds for non-invasive cancer destruction now undergoing preclinical and clinical trials. The company is seeking a $3M private placement to expand their laser center network internationally and in major US cities starting in 2014 to increase sales of their FDA-approved laser technology.
Theralase Technologies Inc. founded in 1995, designs, develops, manufactures and markets patented, superpulsed laser technology utilized in biostimulation and biodestruction applications. The technology is safe and effective in the treatment of chronic pain, neural muscular-skeletal conditions and wound healing. When combined with its patented, light-sensitive Photo Dynamic Compounds, Theralase laser technology is able to specifically target and destroy cancers, bacteria, viruses as well as microbial pathogens associated with food contamination.
Paulo Vodianitskaia's presentation as Overview Speaker at the UNEP HFC Management Workshop, Bangkok, 20-21 April 2015. The presentation shows current refrigerant options, recommendations and strategic pathways to help refrigeration industry and policymakers worldwide to promote conversion from Hydrofluorocarbons to low-GWP refrigerants, considering recommendations from a sustainability perspective.
Theralase announced its 2012 year-end financial results, reporting a 10% reduction in total revenue to $1.8 million compared to 2011, primarily due to a decrease in laser sales in the US and internationally. Research and development costs increased 15% to $873,335 as the company focused on developing its next-generation laser and photo dynamic compound cancer destruction technology. The net loss for 2012 was $1.5 million, up from $1.45 million in 2011, due to increases in stock-based compensation and R&D costs. Theralase is preparing to launch its new TLC-2000 laser in 2013 and expects its photo dynamic compound bladder cancer treatment to be ready for human trials in 2014.
More than 350,000 new cases of bladder cancer are diagnosed worldwide each year; the vast majority (> 90%) of these are transitional cell carcinomas (TCC). The most important risk factors for the development of bladder cancer are smoking and occupational exposure to toxic chemicals. Painless visible haematuria is the most common presenting symptom of bladder cancer; significant haematuria requires referral to a specialist urology service. Cystoscopy and urine cytology are currently the recommended tools for diagnosis of bladder cancer. Excluding muscle invasion is an important diagnostic step, as outcomes for patients with muscle invasive TCC are less favourable. For non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, transurethral resection followed by intravesical chemotherapy (
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLT) for treating chronic knee pain. 126 patients with knee osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to receive either active laser treatment or sham laser treatment over 12 sessions within 4 weeks. The primary outcome was pain level measured using a visual analog scale (VAS) from 0-10. Results showed that the active laser treatment provided significant pain relief and osteoarthritic improvements compared to the sham laser, with statistical significance of p<0.01 in reduced VAS scores from baseline to 30-day follow-up. The laser treatment was thus found to be an effective adjunctive therapy for chronic knee pain.
Theralase Technologies Inc., founded in 1995, designs, develops, manufactures and markets patented, superpulsed laser technology utilized in biostimulation and biodestruction applications. Theralase technology is safe and effective in treating pain, inflammation and for tissue regeneration of neuro musculoskeletal conditions and wound healing. Theralase is currently developing proprietary Photo Dynamic Compounds (PDCs) that are able to target and destroy cancers, bacteria and viruses when light activated by Theralase’s proprietary and patented laser technology.
Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) is a fast growing field of medicine recognized by every major industrialized nation in the world, offering painless, non-invasive and highly effective drug-free solutions. Able to treat a plethora of neural muscular skeletal conditions, LLLT is often the only solution that is available to the highly trained practitioner to control disease when conventional therapies have come up lacking.
This document provides an overview of traumatic brain injury (TBI) from a neurological perspective. It discusses the types, classification, morphology, pathophysiology, imaging, biomarkers, management, and sequelae of mild, moderate and severe TBI. Key points include: TBI is a leading cause of disability; classification includes mild (GCS 13-15), moderate (GCS 9-12) and severe (GCS 3-8); common morphologies seen on imaging include skull fractures, contusions, epidural hematomas, subdural hematomas, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and diffuse axonal injury; secondary brain injury can be prevented by avoiding hypotension, hypoxia and other insults;
Neuroprime is a transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) device that sends a small electrical current into the brain via electrodes placed on the scalp. tDCS alters brain function and has shown promise in treating various conditions such as depression, anxiety, stroke recovery, and cognitive issues. For depression specifically, clinical trials have found tDCS reduces symptoms and is comparable to antidepressants, with effects lasting over a month. The device is considered safe and works by making neurons in targeted brain areas more or less sensitive to stimulation over subsequent sessions.
Trigeminal neuralgia is a disorder causing severe facial pain. It affects branches of the trigeminal nerve, the largest cranial nerve. The pain is usually sudden, severe, and described as electric shock-like. It is commonly triggered by trivial stimuli like talking or brushing teeth. Treatment options include medications like carbamazepine or surgery to decompress the trigeminal nerve if medications do not provide relief from pain.
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) involves applying red or near-infrared light to injuries or lesions to improve wound and soft tissue healing and provide pain relief. LLLT works by stimulating cellular activity through absorption by chromophores like cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondria. Clinical studies show LLLT can speed wound healing, reduce pain, and treat conditions like tendonitis. While LLLT dosage is challenging to define precisely due to variable beam shapes and densities, clinical results generally improve with higher total energy delivery.
ITS 833 – INFORMATION GOVERNANCEChapter 7Dr. Omar Mohamed.docxdonnajames55
This chapter discusses information governance and the challenges of managing unstructured data. It describes how injury to the buccal branch of the facial nerve, which contains predominantly motor neurons, can induce neuropathic pain in rats. Specifically, chronic constriction injury of the buccal branch caused long-lasting allodynia unilaterally. Tracing studies found the tracer was transported to the facial nucleus but not the trigeminal ganglion, indicating this nerve branch contains motor but not sensory neurons. Intracisternal injection of an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist reversed the allodynia, implicating the role of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 in maintaining the neuropathic pain induced by facial nerve injury.
Theralase Technologies Inc., founded in 1995, designs, develops, manufactures and markets patented, superpulsed laser technology utilized in biostimulation and biodestruction applications. Theralase technology is safe and effective in treating pain, inflammation and for tissue regeneration of neural muscular skeletal conditions and wound healing. As well, these applications extend to the care of animals by veterinarians. Theralase is currently developing patented Photo Dynamic Compounds (PDCs) that are able to target and destroy cancers, bacteria and viruses when light activated by Theralase’s proprietary laser technology.
Theralase Technologies Inc., founded in 1995, designs, develops, manufactures and markets patented, superpulsed laser technology utilized in biostimulation and biodestruction applications. Theralase technology is safe and effective in treating pain, inflammation and for tissue regeneration of neural muscular skeletal conditions and wound healing. Theralase is currently developing patented Photo Dynamic Compounds (PDCs) that are able to target and destroy cancers, bacteria and viruses when light activated by Theralase’s proprietary and patented laser technology.
Theralase Technologies Inc. designs, develops, manufactures and markets patented, superpulsed laser technology utilized in biostimulation and biodestruction applications. The technology is safe and effective in the treatment of chronic pain, neural muscular-skeletal conditions and wound care. When combined with its patented, light-sensitive Photo Dynamic Compounds, Theralase laser technology is able to specifically target and destroy cancers, bacteria, viruses as well as microbial pathogens associated with food contamination.
Theralase is currently developing patented Photo Dynamic Compounds (PDCs) that are able to target and destroy cancers, bacteria and viruses when light activated by Theralase’s proprietary and patented laser technology.
10 differences between conventional and strategic sustainability by HapiterraPaulo Vodianitskaia
10 differences between conventional and strategic sustainability are described. While conventional approach often results in greenwashing, go to strategic is wise. Hapiterra adopts a systemic approach for sustainability management.
Talk about The Natural Step, the Strategic Framework for Sustainability, presented by Paulo Vodianitskaia at the first TEDx UFPR in Curitiba, March 2013.
Theralase Technologies Inc. is focused on developing and commercializing therapeutic laser technology and cancer treatments. They are launching an upgraded laser system called the TLC-2000 in Q1 2014 that will provide recurring revenue through monthly treatment fees. This system has been proven effective in clinical studies for pain, inflammation, and other conditions. Theralase also has patented photo dynamic compounds for non-invasive cancer destruction now undergoing preclinical and clinical trials. The company is seeking a $3M private placement to expand their laser center network internationally and in major US cities starting in 2014 to increase sales of their FDA-approved laser technology.
Theralase Technologies Inc. founded in 1995, designs, develops, manufactures and markets patented, superpulsed laser technology utilized in biostimulation and biodestruction applications. The technology is safe and effective in the treatment of chronic pain, neural muscular-skeletal conditions and wound healing. When combined with its patented, light-sensitive Photo Dynamic Compounds, Theralase laser technology is able to specifically target and destroy cancers, bacteria, viruses as well as microbial pathogens associated with food contamination.
Paulo Vodianitskaia's presentation as Overview Speaker at the UNEP HFC Management Workshop, Bangkok, 20-21 April 2015. The presentation shows current refrigerant options, recommendations and strategic pathways to help refrigeration industry and policymakers worldwide to promote conversion from Hydrofluorocarbons to low-GWP refrigerants, considering recommendations from a sustainability perspective.
Theralase announced its 2012 year-end financial results, reporting a 10% reduction in total revenue to $1.8 million compared to 2011, primarily due to a decrease in laser sales in the US and internationally. Research and development costs increased 15% to $873,335 as the company focused on developing its next-generation laser and photo dynamic compound cancer destruction technology. The net loss for 2012 was $1.5 million, up from $1.45 million in 2011, due to increases in stock-based compensation and R&D costs. Theralase is preparing to launch its new TLC-2000 laser in 2013 and expects its photo dynamic compound bladder cancer treatment to be ready for human trials in 2014.
More than 350,000 new cases of bladder cancer are diagnosed worldwide each year; the vast majority (> 90%) of these are transitional cell carcinomas (TCC). The most important risk factors for the development of bladder cancer are smoking and occupational exposure to toxic chemicals. Painless visible haematuria is the most common presenting symptom of bladder cancer; significant haematuria requires referral to a specialist urology service. Cystoscopy and urine cytology are currently the recommended tools for diagnosis of bladder cancer. Excluding muscle invasion is an important diagnostic step, as outcomes for patients with muscle invasive TCC are less favourable. For non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, transurethral resection followed by intravesical chemotherapy (
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLT) for treating chronic knee pain. 126 patients with knee osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to receive either active laser treatment or sham laser treatment over 12 sessions within 4 weeks. The primary outcome was pain level measured using a visual analog scale (VAS) from 0-10. Results showed that the active laser treatment provided significant pain relief and osteoarthritic improvements compared to the sham laser, with statistical significance of p<0.01 in reduced VAS scores from baseline to 30-day follow-up. The laser treatment was thus found to be an effective adjunctive therapy for chronic knee pain.
Theralase Technologies Inc., founded in 1995, designs, develops, manufactures and markets patented, superpulsed laser technology utilized in biostimulation and biodestruction applications. Theralase technology is safe and effective in treating pain, inflammation and for tissue regeneration of neuro musculoskeletal conditions and wound healing. Theralase is currently developing proprietary Photo Dynamic Compounds (PDCs) that are able to target and destroy cancers, bacteria and viruses when light activated by Theralase’s proprietary and patented laser technology.
Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) is a fast growing field of medicine recognized by every major industrialized nation in the world, offering painless, non-invasive and highly effective drug-free solutions. Able to treat a plethora of neural muscular skeletal conditions, LLLT is often the only solution that is available to the highly trained practitioner to control disease when conventional therapies have come up lacking.
This document provides an overview of traumatic brain injury (TBI) from a neurological perspective. It discusses the types, classification, morphology, pathophysiology, imaging, biomarkers, management, and sequelae of mild, moderate and severe TBI. Key points include: TBI is a leading cause of disability; classification includes mild (GCS 13-15), moderate (GCS 9-12) and severe (GCS 3-8); common morphologies seen on imaging include skull fractures, contusions, epidural hematomas, subdural hematomas, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and diffuse axonal injury; secondary brain injury can be prevented by avoiding hypotension, hypoxia and other insults;
Neuroprime is a transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) device that sends a small electrical current into the brain via electrodes placed on the scalp. tDCS alters brain function and has shown promise in treating various conditions such as depression, anxiety, stroke recovery, and cognitive issues. For depression specifically, clinical trials have found tDCS reduces symptoms and is comparable to antidepressants, with effects lasting over a month. The device is considered safe and works by making neurons in targeted brain areas more or less sensitive to stimulation over subsequent sessions.
Trigeminal neuralgia is a disorder causing severe facial pain. It affects branches of the trigeminal nerve, the largest cranial nerve. The pain is usually sudden, severe, and described as electric shock-like. It is commonly triggered by trivial stimuli like talking or brushing teeth. Treatment options include medications like carbamazepine or surgery to decompress the trigeminal nerve if medications do not provide relief from pain.
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) involves applying red or near-infrared light to injuries or lesions to improve wound and soft tissue healing and provide pain relief. LLLT works by stimulating cellular activity through absorption by chromophores like cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondria. Clinical studies show LLLT can speed wound healing, reduce pain, and treat conditions like tendonitis. While LLLT dosage is challenging to define precisely due to variable beam shapes and densities, clinical results generally improve with higher total energy delivery.
ITS 833 – INFORMATION GOVERNANCEChapter 7Dr. Omar Mohamed.docxdonnajames55
This chapter discusses information governance and the challenges of managing unstructured data. It describes how injury to the buccal branch of the facial nerve, which contains predominantly motor neurons, can induce neuropathic pain in rats. Specifically, chronic constriction injury of the buccal branch caused long-lasting allodynia unilaterally. Tracing studies found the tracer was transported to the facial nucleus but not the trigeminal ganglion, indicating this nerve branch contains motor but not sensory neurons. Intracisternal injection of an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist reversed the allodynia, implicating the role of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 in maintaining the neuropathic pain induced by facial nerve injury.
Nerve compression syndrome, also known as entrapment neuropathy, occurs when a peripheral nerve is compressed, causing mechanical damage. Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common example, where the median nerve is compressed as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist. Symptoms include tingling, numbness, and pain in the fingers innervated by the median nerve that is worsened at night. Physical exams and tests like Phalen's maneuver, Tinel's sign, and nerve conduction studies can help diagnose CTS. Treatment involves splinting, medications, injections, or carpal tunnel release surgery if conservative measures fail.
This document provides an overview of nerve compression syndromes, including their pathophysiology, clinical presentation, assessment, and management. It discusses how nerve compression can lead to neuropathic pain through mechanisms like ischemia, inflammation, and central nervous system changes. Common compression neuropathies like carpal tunnel syndrome and sciatica are mentioned. The document emphasizes that entrapment neuropathies have complex presentations that do not always clearly fit the grading criteria for neuropathic pain. A thorough clinical assessment including history, exam, and provocation tests is important for diagnosis.
This document summarizes various interventional treatments for headaches including occipital nerve blocks, pulsed radiofrequency of the occipital nerve, and occipital nerve stimulation. It provides epidemiological data on migraine and cluster headaches. It also discusses indications for occipital nerve blocks including various headache types. Peripheral nerve blocks are described as commonly used but with variable methodology. Effectiveness of occipital nerve stimulation is supported for various intractable headache conditions but lead migration is a technical challenge.
This document discusses acupuncture for pain management. It provides information on two orthopaedic offices in Florida, as well as background on acupuncture including its history, mechanisms of action, safety, clinical applications for pain such as back pain, neck pain, osteoarthritis, and myofascial pain. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials provide evidence that acupuncture can effectively treat certain pain conditions.
This case report describes the successful treatment of a patient's severe tinnitus caused by stapedius myoclonus (involuntary muscle spasms) using local injections of botulinum toxin type A (Botox). The patient experienced relief from tinnitus within two days of receiving Botox placed near the stapedius muscle through a perforation in her eardrum. The tinnitus did not return for three months. When it recurred at four months, a second Botox treatment again provided rapid relief. The report concludes that local Botox injections may be an effective treatment for tinnitus caused by stapedius or other muscle spasms in the ear.
This document provides an overview of trigeminal neuralgia, including its definition, causes, characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment methods. Trigeminal neuralgia causes severe facial pain and is characterized by sudden, brief, recurrent episodes of sharp, shooting pain in the face that is triggered by mundane activities like eating or talking. It is typically treated first through medications like carbamazepine, but when medications fail or cause intolerable side effects, surgical procedures may be used to ablate or compress the trigeminal nerve to reduce pain. The goal of treatment is to effectively manage the debilitating facial pain caused by this condition.
This document discusses electroanalgesia as an alternative for pain management and rehabilitation. It describes how physical pain can be caused by injury, posture, stress, illness and other factors. It then outlines various options for dealing with pain, including living with it, pharmaceuticals, injections, and electroanalgesia. Electroanalgesia works by interrupting nerve function and affecting nerve and muscle stimulation to increase local blood flow and circulation, providing pain relief. The document provides examples of diagnoses and billing codes that can be used for electroanalgesia treatment reimbursement.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by external forces that impact or rapidly accelerate/decelerate the head. This can lead to primary injuries like contusions or hematomas from impact, or diffuse axonal injury from acceleration/deceleration forces. Secondary injuries may occur hours or days later and involve processes like cerebral edema, increased intracranial pressure, and reduced cerebral blood flow. The goals of management are to prevent secondary injuries by maintaining cerebral perfusion pressure and minimizing intracranial pressure increases through monitoring, treatment of complications, and other interventions.
1) Trigeminal neuralgia is a disorder characterized by severe, sporadic facial pain affecting one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve. It is often triggered by mild stimulation of the face like brushing teeth.
2) Treatment options include medications like carbamazepine, surgery such as microvascular decompression to separate compressing blood vessels from the trigeminal nerve, and interventional procedures like glycerol rhizolysis or gamma knife radiosurgery.
3) The document discusses the classification, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, medical management, interventional treatments and surgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. It provides details on evaluation, pharmacological options and technical aspects of various surgical and interventional
Ultrasound Stimulation for Peripheral Nerve Repair v7Emily Ashbolt
Ultrasound stimulation increases neurite branching and outgrowth in peripheral neurons. Higher intensity ultrasound led to greater neurite branching and total outgrowth compared to lower intensities and untreated controls. Ultrasound also increased the metabolic activity of Schwann cells, peripheral glial cells that enhance neurite outgrowth. These findings suggest ultrasound may promote peripheral nerve regeneration by stimulating neuronal and glial responses. Further study is needed to understand the cellular mechanisms and potential for ultrasound as a non-invasive therapy for peripheral nerve injuries.
This study implemented a quiet time protocol in a neuro-ICU to reduce noise and light levels twice daily to allow patients to sleep. Noise and light levels were measured before, during, and after quiet time and patients' sleep behaviors were observed. The results showed that noise and light levels were significantly lower during quiet time. Patients were also significantly more likely to be observed sleeping during quiet time periods compared to before and after. The goal of allowing patients rest and sleep during quiet time periods was achieved through reducing environmental stimuli in the ICU.
1) Entrapment neuropathies occur when nerves are injured by chronic compression, angulations, or stretching forces, causing mechanical damage. Carpal tunnel syndrome is an example where the median nerve is compressed as it passes through the wrist.
2) Clinical features of entrapment neuropathies include pain, numbness, tingling, burning, and weakness in the affected area. Electrodiagnostic tests like nerve conduction studies and electromyography are important diagnostically.
3) Treatment involves conservative measures like splinting, steroid injections, and physical therapy. Surgery is considered if conservative treatment fails or for severe cases. Proper identification of the site of nerve entrapment is key to determining appropriate treatment
Similar to Efficacy of super pulsed 905 nm low level laser therapy in the management of traumatic brain injury (20)
Theralase designs, develops, and manufactures patented superpulsed laser technology for biostimulative applications in human, equine, and companion animal medicine. The laser technology safely and effectively treats pain, inflammation, and accelerates healing without side effects. Theralase lasers have been proven in over 3,000 clinical studies to treat various conditions and have helped thousands of practitioners worldwide. The laser system provides a turn-key solution with product, support, training and marketing materials to help practices treat patients and increase revenue.
Theralase designs, develops, and manufactures patented superpulsed laser technology for biostimulative applications in the human, equine, and companion animal markets. Their laser technology is safe and effective for treating pain, inflammation, and other conditions by promoting cellular regeneration and rebalancing sodium-potassium pathways. Over 3,000 clinical studies and testimonials from medical practitioners have proven the effectiveness of Theralase's laser therapy systems.
Theralase's Photo Dynamic Therapy (PDT) Division, announced today study results proving that its patented Photo Dynamic Compounds (PDCs) were significantly more effective in destroying a human urinary bladder carcinoma cell line than a FDA approved photosensitizer, aminolevulinic acid (ALA).
Theralase Technologies Inc. (TSX-V: TLT) announced today the successful results of preclinical studies (in-vitro and in-vivo) demonstrating significant destruction of various brain and colon cancer cell lines. The new proprietary Theralase treatment sharply delayed the tumour progression, when attacked by the Theralase patented light activated Photo Dynamic Compounds (PDCs), signifying a new and broadly promising approach to cancer treatment. When treated with the Theralase PDCs, cancerous mice survived cancer-free for more than 100 days post-treatment, a highly significant milestone.
Theralase announced that its Photo Dynamic Compound (PDC) technology was proven effective in destroying drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MRSA infections cause difficult to treat invasive infections in 25% of those infected. Theralase's PDCs achieved an 8 log or 99.999999% kill rate of MRSA in laboratory testing, comparable to complete sterilization. The PDCs maintained sterilizing activity in low oxygen conditions, demonstrating potential applications for destroying other deadly organisms that thrive in low oxygen. Theralase is pursuing early commercialization of this technology through strategic partnerships to develop sterilization applications using its low-cost and
Theralase Technologies announced that its Photo Dynamic Compound (PDC) technology was proven effective in destroying drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MRSA infections cause difficult to treat invasive infections in 25% of those infected. Theralase's PDCs achieved an 8 log or 99.999999% kill rate of MRSA in laboratory testing, comparable to complete sterilization. The PDCs maintained sterilizing activity in low oxygen conditions, demonstrating potential applications for destroying other deadly organisms that thrive in low oxygen. Theralase is pursuing early commercialization of the PDC technology through strategic partnerships for sterilization applications.
This meta-analysis reviewed 22 randomized controlled trials involving 1014 patients to determine the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for pain relief in various joint areas. The average methodological quality score of the trials was 7.96 out of 10. The analysis found that 11 trials reported positive effects of LLLT for pain relief while 11 reported negative effects. However, when pooling the results, the mean weighted difference in pain reduction on a visual analogue scale was 13.96 mm in favor of the active LLLT groups, indicating LLLT provides statistically significant pain relief for joints. Restricting the analysis to trials using energy doses within previously suggested therapeutic windows produced even greater mean pain relief of 19.88-21
Theralase Technologies Inc. announced a non-brokered private placement to raise up to $500,000 CAD by issuing units consisting of shares and warrants at $0.25 per unit. Proceeds will support small animal cancer trials, research on photodynamic compounds, expansion of laser sales and marketing in the US, and commercialization of a new therapeutic laser. Theralase designs and markets patented superpulsed laser technology for biostimulation, biodestruction, pain treatment, and tissue regeneration in humans and animals.
Theralase Technologies Inc. announced that it has signed an exclusive distribution agreement with Chengdu Disi Industrial Co. Ltd. to distribute Theralase products in mainland China. Under the terms, Chengdu Disi will market, sell, and provide support for Theralase lasers in China, and Theralase will train Chengdu Disi's personnel. Sales estimates for the first year are planned to exceed $1 million USD. The President of Chengdu Disi stated they were impressed by Theralase's technology and are confident they can successfully promote the brand in China.
This randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for treating chronic knee pain in 126 patients. Patients received 12 treatments over 4 weeks with a therapeutic laser system or sham laser plus standardized chiropractic techniques. The primary outcome was pain level measured by the visual analog scale (VAS). Results showed significant pain relief and osteoarthritic improvements in the therapeutic laser group compared to the sham laser group, demonstrating LLLT's effectiveness for treating chronic knee pain.
The document is a quarterly newsletter from Theralase providing updates on their two divisions - Therapeutic Laser Technology (TLT) and Photo Dynamic Therapy (PDT). It discusses upcoming webinars and seminars, corporate updates including the creation of two operating divisions and identification of bladder cancer as the first clinical target for PDT. It also summarizes partnerships, financing activities, and research progress, including the selection of a leading anti-cancer drug candidate and outlining plans for commercialization and growth.
Theralase Technologies Inc., founded in 1995, designs, develops, manufactures and markets patented, superpulsed laser technology utilized in biostimulation and biodestruction applications. Theralase technology is safe and effective in treating pain, inflammation and for tissue regeneration of neural muscular skeletal conditions and wound healing. As well, these applications extend to the care of animals by veterinarians. Theralase complies with FDA, Health Canada, CE, ISO-13485 and CSA-601 regulatory approvals to ensure efficacy, safety and quality in manufacture. Theralase is currently developing patented Photo Dynamic Compounds (PDCs) that are able to target and destroy cancers, bacteria and viruses when light activated by Theralase’s proprietary and patented laser technology.
Theralase Technologies Inc. announced its year-end 2011 financial results, reporting stable total revenues of $2,027,058 compared to 2010. Selling expenses increased 55% due to expansion efforts in the US market, while administrative expenses decreased 17%. Research and development costs rose 26% to advance laser and cancer/bacteria destruction technologies. The net loss was $1,453,974 including non-cash expenses, compared to a 2010 net loss of $1,168,350. Subsequent to year-end, Theralase completed a private placement for gross proceeds of $750,000.
Theralase Technologies Inc. founded in 1995, designs, develops, manufactures and markets patented, superpulsed laser technology utilized in biostimulation and biodestruction applications. The technology is safe and effective in the treatment of chronic pain, neural muscular-skeletal conditions and wound healing. When combined with its patented, light-sensitive Photo Dynamic Compounds, Theralase laser technology is able to specifically target and destroy cancers, bacteria, viruses as well as microbial pathogens associated with food contamination. For further information please visit www.theralase.com 1-866-843-5273
Theralase Technologies Inc. founded in 1995, designs, develops, manufactures and markets patented, superpulsed laser technology utilized in biostimulation and biodestruction applications. The technology is safe and effective in the treatment of chronic pain, neural muscular-skeletal conditions and wound healing. When combined with its patented, light-sensitive Photo Dynamic Compounds, Theralase laser technology is able to specifically target and destroy cancers, bacteria, viruses as well as microbial pathogens associated with food contamination.
Theralase Technologies Inc. founded in 1995, designs, develops, manufactures and markets patented, superpulsed laser technology utilized in biostimulation and biodestruction applications. The technology is safe and effective in the treatment of chronic pain, neural muscular-skeletal conditions and wound healing. When combined with its patented, light-sensitive Photo Dynamic Compounds, Theralase laser technology is able to specifically target and destroy cancers, bacteria, viruses as well as microbial pathogens associated with food contamination.
Theralase Destruction of Cancerous Tumours In-vivo
Efficacy of super pulsed 905 nm low level laser therapy in the management of traumatic brain injury
1. RESEARCH
Below you will find my paper recently published in the World Journal of Neuro Science. I have
treated over 65 patients for headache/migraine symptoms. The Department of Defense (DOD)
has asked me to do anything I can to help resolve major healthcare problem (i.e Traumatic Brain
Injury (TBI)) which is of course a major concern for the military. Shortly after that
conversation a patient was presented to me with a TBI as a result of being hit with a lead pipe 3-4
times. His incapacitating headaches were eliminated in just three treatments.
As a result of this publication and the positive clinical studies out of Massachusetts, four
researchers at the University at Buffalo are preparing to start human trials for Alzheimer’s,
Concussion (TBI) and Stroke. We expect these studies to be done before year end and if
successful will be a major breakthrough in medicine, saving the health care system hundreds of
billions of dollars.
WORLD JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE NOVEMBER 2012 WJNS
Published Online November 2012 http://www.Scirp.org/journal/wjnsl/
Efficacy of super-pulsed 905 nm Low Level Laser Therapy
(LLLT) in the management of traumatic brain injury (TBI):
A Case Study
William Stephan, M.D. per 1st Affiliation, Louis J. Banas, B.S., CLT per 1st Affiliation, Matthew Bennett,
M.D. per 2nd Affiliation, Huseyin Tunceroglu, MSIV per 3rd Affiliation
1st Affiliation: William Stephan M.D., LLC, Buffalo, New York
2nd. Affiliation: University of Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York
Email: huseyint@buffalo.edu
Received 04 September 2012.
significantly reduce pain and induce temporary
Abstract vasodilation in capillaries, which the authors
Traumatic brain injury is a major health concern hypothesize can be used to improve the quality of life
worldwide with massive financial and social impact. in TBI patients by treating their current symptoms,
Conventional treatments primarily focus on the which are predominately migraine-like headaches.
prevention of further damage to the brain This case report illustrates the use of LLLT in the
parenchyma, while failing to address the already treatment of a patient with a TBI and the great
existent symptoms. Previous clinical studies have clinical success achieved in the reduction of pain, as
shown that Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) can
2. measured by VAS - achievable within five treatments injury which occurred in May of 2010. He was attacked
of 10 minutes in duration. and repeatedly hit over the head with a lead pipe,
consequently requiring many sutures and leaving a scar
Keywords: Traumatic Brain Injury; Low Level Laser on the brain as evidenced by the MRI performed
Therapy; LLLT; Chronic Migraines; Headaches subsequent to the incident. Since the attack, he has been
experiencing excruciating migraines daily which he rates
at ranging from 7/10 to 10/10 using a Visual Analog
1. INTRODUCTION
Scale (VAS) reference and physically describes them as:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) typically occurs when there
throbbing, squeezing sensations located primarily to the
is any sudden trauma to the skull that induces damage to
occipital region of his skull. He complains of being
the brain. There are many causes of TBIs, but
unable to have a peaceful night of sleep or to participate
unfortunately no documented cures. According to Faul et
in play with his four children, the oldest being 9, due to
al., the annual incidence of TBI in the United States is
the constant pain and agony he experiences.
approximately 1.7 million incidents, which account for
After undergoing multiple previous treatment
30.5% of injury related deaths[1]. The direct and indirect
modalities, which included: medications, vitamin
costs of TBI totaled an estimated 76.5 billion dollars in
supplements, and chiropractic massage therapies, all of
the United States in 2000 [2]. Traumatic brain injuries
which were unsuccessful at alleviating his symptoms, he
play a major role in the health care of our nation,
had all but given up hope. Willing to try anything to rid
especially in our armed forces, where the men and
himself of the chronic pain, he agreed to undergo LLLT
women serving our country are at a higher risk to suffer a
treatment. Using a Theralase® superpulsed LLLT
TBI.
medical laser system equipped with a multiple probe
Treatment is centered on preventing future insult to
handpiece (5 x 905 nm wavelength @ 0 to 100 mW
the brain, but very little can be done to treat the already
average power per laser diode + 4 x 660 nm wavelength
existing symptoms. These symptoms, as described by the
@ 25 mW average power per laser diode), he was given
National Institutes of Health, range from mild to severe
a total of five treatments delivered over a two week
and include: headaches, nausea, vomiting, confusion, and
period, with the 905 nm laser diodes set to 50 mW
blurry vision. Current theory on alleviating the symptoms
average power. The LLLT was targeted to a total of four
of TBIs is based on reducing inflammatory and oxidative
areas on the scalp for two and a half minutes each:
stress and increasing perfusion to support metabolic
midline occipital region just below the lamboidal suture,
needs [3]. A study by Naeser et al. looked at the use of
superior aspect of the nape to target the Circle of Willis
Near Infra Red (NIR) light for the treatment of TBI,
and over the mastoid processes bilaterally. We selected
stroke, and neurodegenerative disease. Their results were
905nm wavelength based on a previous scientific study
very promising, showing that nightly treatments with
that demonstrated that the 905 nm superpulsed
NIR LED over a period of months to years improved
wavelength employed by the system was able to increase
cognitive abilities [4]. Furthermore, they showed that the
inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) expression by
use of NIR light increased ATP production, caused
700%, as compared to numerous other wavelengths that
vasodilation, and improved perfusion. We believe that
showed little or no effect [5]. iNOS has been well
the superpulsed 905 nm LLLT system employed in this
documented in numerous clinical studies to cause
case study operates through similar mechanisms of action
temporary vasodilation by signaling endothelial cells
and to support our hypothesis we present a case report of
located in capillary walls to become flaccid and relax.
a patient with a traumatic brain injury that was treated
Additional studies have shown that 810 nm and 665 nm
with the superpulsed 905 nm LLLT system two years
wavelengths may also be effective, but those specific
after the injury occurred.
wavelengths are not able to produce as much iNOS
expression, when compared to 905 nm superpulsed
2. CASE REPORT technology [6]. An average power for the superpulsed
A 25 year old man with no pertinent past medical history 905 nm laser diodes was initially chosen to be 50mW
presented as a new patient. His only complaint was based on personal experience, but further clinical
chronic debilitating migraines since a traumatic brain
3. investigations may uncover more clinically effective weeks and 5 months post treatment, does carpentry work
average power settings. with his father and remains symptom free. He is deeply
Immediately after the first treatment of only ten appreciative of the care he was given and continues to
minutes in duration, the patient reported a 43% reduction enjoy family life which was impossible before LLLT.
in pain, reporting a VAS of 4/10 from a pre-treatment More research needs to be done, especially controlled
score of 7/10. He stated the throbbing and squeezing double blind studies to further evaluate the full
nature of his pain had immediately subsided and that all effectiveness and possible side effects of using LLLT in
that was left was more of a dull achy pain. He continued the treatment of TBIs and migraines, but the latest
with the treatments over the next week and with each research has shown that LLLT is an extremely safe and
new treatment his pain was further reduced. By the end effective technology for a wide range of neural and
of the course of 5 treatments, his pain had reduced by muscular skeletal conditions.
over 90% and all that remained was a minor ache that Note: Mr. Banas has successfully treated over 65
was barely even noticeable. Furthermore, he reported no migraine patients not all of whom were victims of a TBI
side effects from the treatment except for a slight but except for a few instances gave the a patients life
sensation of warmth over the area where the laser was changing , significant relief.
placed. He was no longer experiencing constant pain;
even his children noticed the difference saying that he REFERENCES
looked happier. After two years, he was finally able to 1. Faul M, X.L., Wald MM, Coronado VG, Traumatic
achieve a good night’s rest. brain injury in the United States: emergency
department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths. 2010.
2. Finkelstein E, C.P., Miller T and associates, The
3. DISCUSSION Incidence and Economic Burden of Injuries in the
Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) has been used in many United States. Oxford University Press, 2006.
acute and chronic conditions, but its effectiveness is yet 3. Sahni, T., et al., Use of hyperbaric oxygen in
to be fully documented by human clinical trials for traumatic brain injury: retrospective analysis of data
migraine, stroke or TBI. Currently Dr. Michael Whalen, of 20 patients treated at a tertiary care centre. Br J
Neurosurg, 2012. 26(2): p. 202-7.
working at Massachusetts General Hospital, is
4. Naeser, M.A. and M.R. Hamblin, Potential for
conducting controlled studies using a low level laser with transcranial laser or LED therapy to treat stroke,
the hopes of bringing this new technology into the traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative
forefront of neuroscience and medicine. This case study disease. Photomed Laser Surg, 2011. 29(7): p. 443-6.
gives one example of how LLLT can be used to treat 5. Moriyama, Y., et al., In vivo effects of low level laser
chronic migraines, specifically those that are a result of therapy on inducible nitric oxide synthase. Lasers
Surg Med, 2009. 41(3): p. 227-31.
traumatic brain injuries. LLLT has been shown to reduce
6. Wu, Q., et al., Low-level laser therapy for closed-
pain and inflammation, create a state of vasodilation by
head traumatic brain injury in mice: effect of
activating the nitric oxide pathway and further even different wavelengths. Lasers Surg Med, 2012. 44(3):
promote angiogenesis. The present theory is that by p. 218-26.
increasing blood flow to the brain, and subsequently,
increasing oxygen delivery to the brain, the symptoms of
a migraine can be mitigated. This case differs from
previous studies performed using laser therapy to help
patients with TBIs in that the type of laser and the
settings used were unique. Specifically, unlike the LED
light used by Naeser et al., the therapeutic laser we
utilized only required five treatments over two weeks to
be effective with immediate results after the first
treatment.
It is currently unclear whether or not our patient will
need maintenance therapy. He was interviewed at two