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Fibrinolytics work by activating the body's natural fibrinolytic system to dissolve blood clots. They include streptokinase, urokinase, reteplase, alteplase, and tenecteplase. Streptokinase works by binding plasminogen to form a complex that activates plasminogen to plasmin. It has a short half-life and can cause hypotension and arrhythmias as side effects. Alteplase is a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator that is more potent, non-antigenic, and selectively activates plasminogen bound to fibrin. Newer fibrinolytics like tenecteplase have longer half-lives, greater fibrin
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Fibrinolytics & antiplatelets
This document summarizes fibrinolytics and antiplatelet drugs. It describes the fibrinolytic system and how fibrinolytics like streptokinase, urokinase, alteplase work to activate plasminogen and lyse clots. Newer fibrinolytics like reteplase and tenecteplase are discussed. Antiplatelet drugs discussed include aspirin, dipyridamole, clopidogrel, abciximab and how they inhibit platelet aggregation by blocking TXA2 synthesis, increasing cAMP, or blocking ADP/GP-IIb-IIIa receptors. Their uses for coronary artery disease and procedures are highlighted.
Fibrinolytics & antifibrinolytics
Fibrinolytics such as streptokinase, urokinase, alteplase, reteplase, and tenecteplase activate the natural fibrinolytic system and lyse thrombi to recanalize occluded blood vessels. They are used to treat myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and peripheral arterial occlusion. Antifibrinolytics like epsilon amino-caproic acid and tranexamic acid inhibit plasminogen activation and clot dissolution to prevent or control bleeding caused by fibrinolytics or surgical procedures. The timing of fibrinolytic administration is critical for heart attack treatment, with better outcomes seen within 1-3 hours of symptom onset.
Thrombolytics
Thrombolytics, also known as fibrinolytics, are drugs used to dissolve blood clots and recanalize blocked blood vessels. The main thrombolytics discussed are streptokinase, urokinase, alteplase, reteplase, and tenecteplase. They work by activating plasminogen to form plasmin, which breaks down fibrin in clots. Newer agents like alteplase and tenecteplase are more fibrin-specific, causing less bleeding than earlier streptokinase. Tenecteplase has a longer duration and can be given as a single bolus dose to quickly treat heart attacks. Thrombolytics are used for heart attacks
Fibrinolytics or thrombolytics drugs.pptx
This document discusses fibrinolytic or thrombolytic drugs. It defines them as drugs used to break down blood clots by activating the body's natural fibrinolytic system. It describes the mechanism of action of fibrinolytics as converting the inactive plasminogen in plasma into the active plasmin enzyme, which can then break down clots. The document discusses various fibrinolytic drugs including streptokinase, urokinase, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and newer variants like reteplase and tenecteplase. It covers their mechanisms, uses for conditions like heart attack and pulmonary embolism, and potential adverse effects like bleeding. The document also briefly mentions antifibrinolytic drugs that inhibit
Fibrinolytic and antiplatelet drugs
This document summarizes fibrinolytics and antiplatelet drugs. It discusses the fibrinolytic system and lists fibrinolytics such as streptokinase, urokinase, alteplase, and newer recombinant tissue plasminogen activators. It also discusses their uses for conditions like myocardial infarction and mechanisms of action. The document then discusses antiplatelet drugs, focusing on mechanisms of platelet aggregation and inhibition. It lists classes of antiplatelet drugs like aspirin, dipyridamole, clopidogrel, and abciximab and their uses, mechanisms, and side effects. Finally, it lists common uses of antiplatelet drugs for conditions like coronary artery disease and angioplasty.
fibrinolyticsyaqub-151219124320 chhangr.pptx
This document discusses drugs used to lyse blood clots, including streptokinase, urokinase, alteplase, and reteplase. It summarizes their mechanisms of action, sources, advantages, and disadvantages. For example, streptokinase is obtained from bacteria and activates both circulating and fibrin-bound plasminogen, while alteplase is recombinant and fibrin-specific. The document also outlines uses of fibrinolytics like heart attacks and strokes, and contraindications like recent bleeding or surgery. It introduces antifibrinolytic drugs like tranexamic acid and epsilon amino-caproic acid that inhibit clot lysis and are used as antidotes or to reduce
Fibrinolytics and antifibrinolytics
Fibrinolytics such as streptokinase, urokinase, and tissue plasminogen activators activate plasminogen and break down blood clots. Antifibrinolytics like epsilon amino caproic acid and tranexamic acid compete for plasminogen binding sites to inhibit fibrinolysis. They are used to control bleeding during and after surgery or trauma. Aprotinin is a serine protease inhibitor that was previously used during cardiac surgery and liver transplantation to reduce bleeding but was withdrawn due to safety concerns like renal failure and thrombosis.
HS-_Thrombolytic_agents.pdf
Pharmacology Lecture Slides on Thrombolytic Medications by Sanjaya Mani Dixit Assistant Professor of Pharmacology at Kathmandu Medical College
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Fibrinolytics & antiplatelets
This document summarizes fibrinolytics and antiplatelet drugs. It describes the fibrinolytic system and how fibrinolytics like streptokinase, urokinase, alteplase work to activate plasminogen and lyse clots. Newer fibrinolytics like reteplase and tenecteplase are discussed. Antiplatelet drugs discussed include aspirin, dipyridamole, clopidogrel, abciximab and how they inhibit platelet aggregation by blocking TXA2 synthesis, increasing cAMP, or blocking ADP/GP-IIb-IIIa receptors. Their uses for coronary artery disease and procedures are highlighted.
Fibrinolytics & antifibrinolytics
Fibrinolytics such as streptokinase, urokinase, alteplase, reteplase, and tenecteplase activate the natural fibrinolytic system and lyse thrombi to recanalize occluded blood vessels. They are used to treat myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and peripheral arterial occlusion. Antifibrinolytics like epsilon amino-caproic acid and tranexamic acid inhibit plasminogen activation and clot dissolution to prevent or control bleeding caused by fibrinolytics or surgical procedures. The timing of fibrinolytic administration is critical for heart attack treatment, with better outcomes seen within 1-3 hours of symptom onset.
Thrombolytics
Thrombolytics, also known as fibrinolytics, are drugs used to dissolve blood clots and recanalize blocked blood vessels. The main thrombolytics discussed are streptokinase, urokinase, alteplase, reteplase, and tenecteplase. They work by activating plasminogen to form plasmin, which breaks down fibrin in clots. Newer agents like alteplase and tenecteplase are more fibrin-specific, causing less bleeding than earlier streptokinase. Tenecteplase has a longer duration and can be given as a single bolus dose to quickly treat heart attacks. Thrombolytics are used for heart attacks
Fibrinolytics or thrombolytics drugs.pptx
This document discusses fibrinolytic or thrombolytic drugs. It defines them as drugs used to break down blood clots by activating the body's natural fibrinolytic system. It describes the mechanism of action of fibrinolytics as converting the inactive plasminogen in plasma into the active plasmin enzyme, which can then break down clots. The document discusses various fibrinolytic drugs including streptokinase, urokinase, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and newer variants like reteplase and tenecteplase. It covers their mechanisms, uses for conditions like heart attack and pulmonary embolism, and potential adverse effects like bleeding. The document also briefly mentions antifibrinolytic drugs that inhibit
Fibrinolytic and antiplatelet drugs
This document summarizes fibrinolytics and antiplatelet drugs. It discusses the fibrinolytic system and lists fibrinolytics such as streptokinase, urokinase, alteplase, and newer recombinant tissue plasminogen activators. It also discusses their uses for conditions like myocardial infarction and mechanisms of action. The document then discusses antiplatelet drugs, focusing on mechanisms of platelet aggregation and inhibition. It lists classes of antiplatelet drugs like aspirin, dipyridamole, clopidogrel, and abciximab and their uses, mechanisms, and side effects. Finally, it lists common uses of antiplatelet drugs for conditions like coronary artery disease and angioplasty.
fibrinolyticsyaqub-151219124320 chhangr.pptx
This document discusses drugs used to lyse blood clots, including streptokinase, urokinase, alteplase, and reteplase. It summarizes their mechanisms of action, sources, advantages, and disadvantages. For example, streptokinase is obtained from bacteria and activates both circulating and fibrin-bound plasminogen, while alteplase is recombinant and fibrin-specific. The document also outlines uses of fibrinolytics like heart attacks and strokes, and contraindications like recent bleeding or surgery. It introduces antifibrinolytic drugs like tranexamic acid and epsilon amino-caproic acid that inhibit clot lysis and are used as antidotes or to reduce
Fibrinolytics and antifibrinolytics
Fibrinolytics such as streptokinase, urokinase, and tissue plasminogen activators activate plasminogen and break down blood clots. Antifibrinolytics like epsilon amino caproic acid and tranexamic acid compete for plasminogen binding sites to inhibit fibrinolysis. They are used to control bleeding during and after surgery or trauma. Aprotinin is a serine protease inhibitor that was previously used during cardiac surgery and liver transplantation to reduce bleeding but was withdrawn due to safety concerns like renal failure and thrombosis.
HS-_Thrombolytic_agents.pdf
Pharmacology Lecture Slides on Thrombolytic Medications by Sanjaya Mani Dixit Assistant Professor of Pharmacology at Kathmandu Medical College
Anticoagulants sa
Anticoagulants work by interfering with the body's normal clotting mechanisms. There are several classes of anticoagulants that work at different stages of hemostasis - the process of forming blood clots. Antiplatelet drugs like aspirin and clopidogrel inhibit platelet activation and aggregation during primary hemostasis. Heparin and low molecular weight heparins like enoxaparin affect secondary hemostasis by inhibiting thrombin. Warfarin prevents the synthesis of clotting factors and affects secondary hemostasis. Fibrinolytics like tPA work during tertiary hemostasis by dissolving already formed clots. Patients on anticoagulants require regular monitoring of
Fibrinolytics and antifibrinolytics
Fibrinolytics such as streptokinase, urokinase, and alteplase work by activating the natural fibrinolytic system to dissolve blood clots and recanalize occluded vessels. Streptokinase obtains plasminogen to form a complex that activates plasminogen but is non-specific, antigenic, and destroyed by antibodies. Urokinase is non-antigenic and not destroyed by antibodies. Alteplase is fibrin-specific, non-antigenic, rapid-acting, and more potent but also more expensive. Fibrinolytics are used for conditions like myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. Antifibrinolytics
Fibrinolytics and antifibrinolytics
Fibrinolytics such as streptokinase, urokinase, and alteplase work by activating the natural fibrinolytic system to lyse thrombi and recanalize occluded blood vessels. They activate plasminogen to plasm in order to dissolve blood clots through the process of fibrinolysis. Streptokinase is the least expensive but also the least specific and can cause allergic reactions. Urokinase is non-antigenic and adverse effects are rare. Alteplase is fibrin-specific, rapid-acting, and has a lower risk of bleeding but is more expensive. Fibrinolytics are used to treat conditions like myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary
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This document provides information on anticoagulant drugs including heparin, enoxaparin, warfarin, and their mechanisms of action, indications, monitoring requirements, and safety considerations. It discusses how anticoagulants prevent abnormal blood clots by interfering with the coagulation cascade. Close monitoring is needed due to risks of bleeding. Nurses must assess patients, monitor lab values, educate patients on signs of bleeding, and ensure safe usage of these important but high-risk medications.
Antixcoagulants
This document discusses various anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs. It describes how anticoagulants prevent the formation of blood clots through different mechanisms like inhibiting vitamin K, heparin activating antithrombin III, and direct factor Xa inhibitors. Common anticoagulants mentioned include heparin, warfarin, and rivaroxaban. The document also discusses fibrinolytics which lyse blood clots, and antiplatelet drugs like aspirin, dipyridamole, and clopidogrel which prevent platelet aggregation. Monitoring of anticoagulant therapy and drug interactions are also summarized.
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Antiplatelets and fibrinolytics are used to treat thrombosis. Aspirin is the main antiplatelet drug and works by inhibiting platelet aggregation. Other antiplatelets include clopidogrel, dipyridamole, and GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors. Fibrinolytics such as streptokinase, alteplase, and tenecteplase dissolve blood clots by activating the body's fibrinolytic system. Antiplatelets are used to prevent arterial thrombosis and reduce risks of heart attack and stroke. Fibrinolytics are primarily used for heart attacks to restore blood flow in acute myocardial infarction. Both antiplatelets and fibrinolytics have benefits but also risks like bleeding that require consideration
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This document discusses thrombolytic drugs and their mechanisms and uses. It provides details on several types of thrombolytic drugs:
- Fibrin-specific drugs like tissue plasminogen activators (t-PAs) such as alteplase, reteplase and tenecteplase activate plasminogen bound to blood clots specifically.
- Non-fibrin specific drugs like streptokinase and urokinase activate all plasminogen and can degrade other proteins.
- Indications for thrombolytic drugs include heart attacks, strokes and pulmonary embolisms. Contraindications include recent bleeding and some surgeries. Antiplasmins like tranexamic acid and aminocapro
thrombolytic agents ICU nurse class.pptx
Thrombolytic agents work by activating plasminogen to form plasmin, which breaks down fibrin in blood clots. The document discusses several thrombolytic agents: streptokinase works by forming a complex with plasminogen to catalyze its activation; alteplase is a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator that selectively activates plasminogen bound to fibrin clots; and reteplase and tenecteplase are modified forms of tPA with longer durations of action. Thrombolytic agents are used to treat conditions caused by blood clots such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and ischemic stroke.
Antiplatelets
1. Antiplatelet drugs work by inhibiting platelet aggregation which is essential for forming blood clots. They are used to prevent thrombus formation in certain pathological conditions.
2. There are several classes of antiplatelet drugs including aspirin, clopidogrel, abciximab which work via different mechanisms such as inhibiting thromboxane A2, blocking ADP receptors, or inhibiting the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor.
3. Fibrinolytics like streptokinase, alteplase work by activating plasminogen to plasmin to break down fibrin clots and are indicated for pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke. The major risks are bleeding complications.
Fibrinolytics
we can know how fribinolytics work in our body and their mechanism , side effects .finally, we discuss about its importance in our heamostatic system
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Fibrinolytics
Fibrinolytics, also known as thrombolytics, are drugs used to dissolve blood clots by activating plasminogen. There are three main classes: recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), streptokinase, and urokinase. Rt-PA binds to fibrin in clots and activates plasminogen to plasmin, which breaks down fibrin. Streptokinase forms complexes with plasminogen to convert it into plasmin. Urokinase catalyzes the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. These drugs are used to treat myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, and ischemic stroke. Potential adverse effects include bleeding, hypotension, and all
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This document discusses drugs that affect thrombosis, including fibrinolytics and antifibrinolytics. Fibrinolytics such as streptokinase, tissue plasminogen activators (t-PAs), and others work by activating plasminogen to form plasmin, which breaks down fibrin clots. They are used to treat conditions like pulmonary embolism and myocardial infarction. Adverse effects include bleeding. Antifibrinolytics like aminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid competitively inhibit fibrinolysis and are used as adjunctive therapy for bleeding disorders or to prevent rebleeding.
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Class I drugs block sodium channels to reduce conduction velocity. Class IA drugs include quinidine and procainamide. Class IB includes lidocaine, mexiletine and tocainide.
Class II drugs are beta blockers that reduce sympathetic stimulation and decrease heart rate. Propranolol is an example.
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Anticoagulants sa
Anticoagulants work by interfering with the body's normal clotting mechanisms. There are several classes of anticoagulants that work at different stages of hemostasis - the process of forming blood clots. Antiplatelet drugs like aspirin and clopidogrel inhibit platelet activation and aggregation during primary hemostasis. Heparin and low molecular weight heparins like enoxaparin affect secondary hemostasis by inhibiting thrombin. Warfarin prevents the synthesis of clotting factors and affects secondary hemostasis. Fibrinolytics like tPA work during tertiary hemostasis by dissolving already formed clots. Patients on anticoagulants require regular monitoring of
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Fibrinolytics such as streptokinase, urokinase, and alteplase work by activating the natural fibrinolytic system to dissolve blood clots and recanalize occluded vessels. Streptokinase obtains plasminogen to form a complex that activates plasminogen but is non-specific, antigenic, and destroyed by antibodies. Urokinase is non-antigenic and not destroyed by antibodies. Alteplase is fibrin-specific, non-antigenic, rapid-acting, and more potent but also more expensive. Fibrinolytics are used for conditions like myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. Antifibrinolytics
Fibrinolytics and antifibrinolytics
Fibrinolytics such as streptokinase, urokinase, and alteplase work by activating the natural fibrinolytic system to lyse thrombi and recanalize occluded blood vessels. They activate plasminogen to plasm in order to dissolve blood clots through the process of fibrinolysis. Streptokinase is the least expensive but also the least specific and can cause allergic reactions. Urokinase is non-antigenic and adverse effects are rare. Alteplase is fibrin-specific, rapid-acting, and has a lower risk of bleeding but is more expensive. Fibrinolytics are used to treat conditions like myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary
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This document provides information on anticoagulant drugs including heparin, enoxaparin, warfarin, and their mechanisms of action, indications, monitoring requirements, and safety considerations. It discusses how anticoagulants prevent abnormal blood clots by interfering with the coagulation cascade. Close monitoring is needed due to risks of bleeding. Nurses must assess patients, monitor lab values, educate patients on signs of bleeding, and ensure safe usage of these important but high-risk medications.
Antixcoagulants
This document discusses various anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs. It describes how anticoagulants prevent the formation of blood clots through different mechanisms like inhibiting vitamin K, heparin activating antithrombin III, and direct factor Xa inhibitors. Common anticoagulants mentioned include heparin, warfarin, and rivaroxaban. The document also discusses fibrinolytics which lyse blood clots, and antiplatelet drugs like aspirin, dipyridamole, and clopidogrel which prevent platelet aggregation. Monitoring of anticoagulant therapy and drug interactions are also summarized.
Antiplatelets, & fibrinolytics
Antiplatelets and fibrinolytics are used to treat thrombosis. Aspirin is the main antiplatelet drug and works by inhibiting platelet aggregation. Other antiplatelets include clopidogrel, dipyridamole, and GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors. Fibrinolytics such as streptokinase, alteplase, and tenecteplase dissolve blood clots by activating the body's fibrinolytic system. Antiplatelets are used to prevent arterial thrombosis and reduce risks of heart attack and stroke. Fibrinolytics are primarily used for heart attacks to restore blood flow in acute myocardial infarction. Both antiplatelets and fibrinolytics have benefits but also risks like bleeding that require consideration
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This document discusses thrombolytic drugs and their mechanisms and uses. It provides details on several types of thrombolytic drugs:
- Fibrin-specific drugs like tissue plasminogen activators (t-PAs) such as alteplase, reteplase and tenecteplase activate plasminogen bound to blood clots specifically.
- Non-fibrin specific drugs like streptokinase and urokinase activate all plasminogen and can degrade other proteins.
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Thrombolytic agents work by activating plasminogen to form plasmin, which breaks down fibrin in blood clots. The document discusses several thrombolytic agents: streptokinase works by forming a complex with plasminogen to catalyze its activation; alteplase is a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator that selectively activates plasminogen bound to fibrin clots; and reteplase and tenecteplase are modified forms of tPA with longer durations of action. Thrombolytic agents are used to treat conditions caused by blood clots such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and ischemic stroke.
Antiplatelets
1. Antiplatelet drugs work by inhibiting platelet aggregation which is essential for forming blood clots. They are used to prevent thrombus formation in certain pathological conditions.
2. There are several classes of antiplatelet drugs including aspirin, clopidogrel, abciximab which work via different mechanisms such as inhibiting thromboxane A2, blocking ADP receptors, or inhibiting the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor.
3. Fibrinolytics like streptokinase, alteplase work by activating plasminogen to plasmin to break down fibrin clots and are indicated for pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke. The major risks are bleeding complications.
Fibrinolytics
we can know how fribinolytics work in our body and their mechanism , side effects .finally, we discuss about its importance in our heamostatic system
Medical management of cerebro vascular accident a quick review
if its useful.....comment please....
its helps us have a short quick review about the medical managements of CVA.....
its describe about the types and how as a nurse how to care the patients on the bases of nursing care
Fibrinolytics
Fibrinolytics, also known as thrombolytics, are drugs used to dissolve blood clots by activating plasminogen. There are three main classes: recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), streptokinase, and urokinase. Rt-PA binds to fibrin in clots and activates plasminogen to plasmin, which breaks down fibrin. Streptokinase forms complexes with plasminogen to convert it into plasmin. Urokinase catalyzes the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. These drugs are used to treat myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, and ischemic stroke. Potential adverse effects include bleeding, hypotension, and all
Drugs affecting thrombosis
This document discusses drugs that affect thrombosis, including fibrinolytics and antifibrinolytics. Fibrinolytics such as streptokinase, tissue plasminogen activators (t-PAs), and others work by activating plasminogen to form plasmin, which breaks down fibrin clots. They are used to treat conditions like pulmonary embolism and myocardial infarction. Adverse effects include bleeding. Antifibrinolytics like aminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid competitively inhibit fibrinolysis and are used as adjunctive therapy for bleeding disorders or to prevent rebleeding.
Hemostasis and blood calcium regulation
Hemostasis is the process of stopping blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves three main events: vascular constriction to reduce blood flow, formation of a platelet plug, and formation of a blood clot. Precise regulation of blood calcium levels is important for muscle and nerve function, and is controlled by parathyroid hormone, calcitriol, and calcitonin. Hypocalcemia can cause dangerous muscle spasms called tetany if calcium levels drop too low.
Hemostasis &and thrombosis.ppt
This is the powerpoint for the students, faculties as well as any person who study medical and any life sciences subjects , the hemostasis portion is very comprehensively covered by diagrams and descriptions from standard books. Go through this, all the best.
Plt disorders 2015
The document discusses several platelet disorders including immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). It provides details on the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of ITP and TTP. For ITP, it describes the Harrington-Hollingsworth experiment which helped establish the autoimmune nature of the disease. For TTP, it discusses the role of ADAMTS13 deficiency in causing microthrombi and the importance of plasma exchange in treatment. The document is aimed at providing an overview of these platelet disorders for medical residents.
Haemostatic monitoring during cardio bypass
During cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), there is a need to balance anticoagulation to prevent clots on the bypass circuit and restore hemostasis after surgery. The activated clotting time (ACT) is used to monitor the effects of heparin anticoagulation during CPB. Protamine is administered after CPB to neutralize heparin and restore normal coagulation, but can cause hypotension in some patients. Careful monitoring of anticoagulation and hemostasis is important during cardiac surgery requiring CPB.
Coagulation cascade & anticoagulants
This document provides an overview of the coagulation cascade and anticoagulants. It begins with an introduction to hemostasis and the coagulation cascade. It then describes the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways and interactions between them. Mechanisms of blood coagulation and factors involved are explained. Monitoring tests for hemostatic function like PT, APTT and INR are also outlined. Finally, the mechanisms, pharmacology, uses, and adverse effects of heparin and low molecular weight heparins are summarized.
4. ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC.pptx
This document provides an overview of anti-arrhythmic agents, including their mechanisms of action, classifications, and examples. It discusses the four main classes of anti-arrhythmic drugs:
Class I drugs block sodium channels to reduce conduction velocity. Class IA drugs include quinidine and procainamide. Class IB includes lidocaine, mexiletine and tocainide.
Class II drugs are beta blockers that reduce sympathetic stimulation and decrease heart rate. Propranolol is an example.
Class III drugs prolong the action potential duration by interfering with potassium channels. Amiodarone is commonly used with its long half-life.
Class IV drugs like verapamil selectively block calcium
Microangiopathy short review- a classical description of various thrombotic m...
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- 2. FRIBRINOLYTIC SYSTEM • The process of dissolution of clot is called fibrinolysis.
- 4. FRIBRINOLYTICS • Used to lyse the thrombi/clot to recanalize the occluded blood vessel ( mainly coronary artery) • Works by activating the fibrinolytic system/ • Streptokinase • Urokinase • Reteplase • Alteplase(t-PA) • Tenecteplase
- 5. STREPTOKINASE • Ontained from Beta-hemolytic streptococci • Binds with circukating plasminogen to form complex that activates plasminogen to plasmin • T1/2 is 30-80mins • Anitgeinc, pyrogenic • Destroyed by circulating antistreptococcal antibodies • Hypotension and arrhythmia can occur.
- 6. STREPTOKINASE • Uses • Acute Myocardial infarction • 7.5 to 15 lac IU; IV over 1 hour • Deep vein thrombosis, Pulmonary embolism • Adverse effects • Bleeding, Hypotension, allergic reactions, fever, arrhythmias • Contra-indictaions • Recent trauma, surgery, abortion, stroke, severe hypertension, peptic ulcer, bleeding disorders.
- 7. UROKINASE • Enzyme islolated from human urine, now prepared from cultured human kidney cells, • Direct plasminogen activator. • T ½ of 10-15mins. • Non- antigenic, non-allergenic. • Fever can occur but hypotension is rare. • Indicated in patients in whom streptokinase had a allergic response earlier.
- 8. ALTEPLASE • Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator rt-TA. • Selectively activates plasminogen bound to fibrin • Non-antigenic, not destroyed by anti-bodies. • Rapid acting, more potent. • Superior in dissolving old clots • Short half life of 4-8mins • Nausea, mild hypotension, fever may occur. • expensive
- 9. NEWER RECOMBINANT TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATORS • Reteplase • Modified rt-PA. • Longer half life ot 15-20mins, but less specific for fibrin bound plasminogen • Tenecteplase • Genetically engineered mutant form of alteplase • Higher fibrin selectivity and longer half life- 2hours. • Singl bolus dose 0.5mg/kg suffiecient • Very expensive
- 10. USES OF FIBRINOLYTICS • Acute myocardial infarction • Deep vein thrombosis • Pulmonary embolism • Peripheral arterial occlusion • Ischemic stroke