Global growth continues to remain tepid. In US, new data releases are pointing towards a mild recovery, but not compelling enough to force the Federal Reserve to change its monetary policy stance. Labour market is recovering slowly and unemployment rate has continued to decline. On the domestic front, inflation has continued to remain subdued. Given the downward trajectory of inflation and limited upside risks in the wake of benign global commodity prices, the Central Bank chose to cut interest rates by 50 bps in end-September 2015. In the current issue of Economy Matters, we analyse the growth prospects of Euro Area economies and US economy, in the section on Global Trends. In Domestic Trends, data trends in IIP, inflation, trade and monetary policy are analysed. Corporate Performance section analyses the corporate results for 1QFY16. The Sectoral Spotlight for this issue is on ‘Make in India and the Potential for Job Creation’. In Focus of the Month, the important issue of ‘Financial Inclusion’ has been covered.

3. FOREWORD
G
lobal growth continues to remain tepid. In US, new data releases are pointing towards a mild
recovery, but not compelling enough to force the Federal Reserve to change its monetary
policy stance. Labour market is recovering slowly and unemployment rate has continued to
decline. However, weak in ation pressure continuesto poserisksfor adeferral. The Federal Reserve
is expected to shift gears and increase to Fed Rate only next year now. Elsewhere, economic activity
in Japan, is faltering under the weight of weak private consumption and exports, with both business
and consumer con dence subdued. Emerging market economies (EMEs) too have been caught in
a vortex of depressed commodity prices, weakening currencies and capital out ows, which are ac‐
centuating country-speci c domestic constraints.
On the domestic front, in ation has continued to remain subdued. Given the downward trajectory
of in ation and limited upside risksin the wake of benign global commodity prices, the Central Bank
chose to cut interest rates by 50 bps in end‐September 2015. Industry had been hoping for this kind
of reduction given the in ation and macro-economic conditions, which have not been conducive to
growth. CII is happy to note that the RBI had taken thisaction recognising the weaknessin demand
and theneed for areduction in borrowing ratesto drivearecovery. RBI’saction hasremoved consid‐
erable uncertainty with regard to the direction of borrowing costs faced by industry. The corporate
sector will now be in a better position to drive a recovery in investment and growth.
The issueof nancial inclusion isemerging asthenew paradigm of economic growth. Financial inclu‐
sion is delivery of banking services at an a ordable cost to the vast sections of disadvantaged and
low incomegroups.Theessenceof nancial inclusionisin tryingto ensurethat arangeof appropriate
nancial servicesare available to every individual and enabling them to understand and accessthose
services. Apart from the regular form of nancial inclusion intermediation, it may include a basic no-
frills banking account for making and receiving payments, a saving product suited to the pattern of
cash ows of a poor household, money transfer facilities, small loans and overdrafts for productive
personal and other purposes, insurance etc. The present Government has taken many signi cant
steps in order to boost nancial inclusion in the country. Jan Dhan Yojana, launch of MUDRA Bank,
Direct Bene tsTransfer etcarefew of such measures. Theroad ahead islong though and much more
remains to be done.
Chandrajit Banerjee
Director General, CII

7. EXECUTIVESUMMARY
Global Trends
TThe euro zone economy grew faster than expect‐
ed in the second quarter of 2015, mainly because of
faster growth in Italy and Greece. Seasonally adjusted
GDProse by 0.4 per cent in both the euro area(EA19)
and the EU28 during the second quarter of 2015, com‐
pared with the previous quarter. In US, meanwhile,
Federal Reserve maintained status‐quo and kept the
Fed funds rate target range unchanged at 0.0‐0.25
per cent in its policy meeting held on September 18th,
2015. The Fed reiterated that rate hike in 2015 looks
tentative as subdued in ation continues to pose
headwinds. Further, economic activity in US contin‐
ued to expand at a moderate pace. Labour market
recovery, though, weakened slightly in September
2015, unemployment has continued to decline.
Domestic Trends
In ation hascontinued to remain subdued. Given the
downward trajectory of in ation and limited upside
risks in the wake of benign global commodity prices,
the Central Bank chose to cut interest rates by 50
bps in end-September 2015. To be sure, headline con‐
sumer price index (CPI) in ation stood at 4.4 per cent
in September 2015, an increase over its August 2015
print, albeit staying within RBIs target range. Core
CPI in ation (excluding food and fuel) increased in
September 2015 too. However, the subdued domes‐
tic demand coupled with weak international crude
prices is likely to support muted core in ation in the
coming months. On the global front, global growth
has moderated, especially in emerging market econo‐
mies (EMEs) and G-4 economies, global trade has de‐
teriorated further and downside risks to growth have
increased. Consequently, our exports growth is in
shaky territory, given the fact that bulk of our exports
are going to these economies. Evidently, exports
have now contracted for ninth consecutive months.
In August 2015, the contraction was by 20.7 per cent.
Imports too fell for the ninth consecutive month, de‐
clining by 9.9 per cent in August 2015.
CorporatePerformance
The corporate results at the end of rst quarter of
current scal painted a rather gloomy picture as the
nancial performance of Indian companies, espe‐
cially manufacturing sector rms, deteriorated. While
the growth in expenditure costs stood somewhat
curbed, fading growth of net sales as well as contrac‐
tion in PATadded to the prevalent despair. Growth in
net sales on an aggregate basis stood at a measly 2.8
per cent at the end of rst quarter of 2015-16, ascom‐
pared to 8.8 per cent in the same quarter a year ago.
Both net and grossmarginsrose mostly fell acrossall
sectors and on an aggregate basis. This fall mirrored
the contraction in pro tability and decelerating oper‐
ating pro ts. Struck with uninspiring demand in the
economy, dwindling balance of trade, weak sales and
ever moribund pro tability, the Indian companiesare
trying hard to clutch a straw of hope. There are also
expectations of some serious economic reforms that
would elevate the economy, help pick up sales and
raise the pro tability for the Indian corporate in the
months to come.
Focusof theMonth : Financial Inclusion
The concept of nancial inclusion has special signi ‐
cance for a fast emerging economy such as India, as
it encompasses a large segment of the productive
sectors of the economy under the formal nancial
network to unleash their creative capacities. Over a
period of time, several nancial and economic policy
measures are being taken by banks in India to im‐
prove access to a ordable nancial services through
nancial education, awareness generation, business
communication networking and leveraging technolo‐
gy.According to theCommitteeon Financial Inclusion
(Chairman: C. Rangarajan), 2008, “ Financial Inclusion
may be de ned as the process of ensuring access
to nancial services and timely and adequate credit
where needed by vulnerable groups such as weaker
sections and low income groups at an a ordable
cost” . Theessenceof nancial inclusion isin trying to
ensure that a range of appropriate nancial services
are available to every individual and enabling them to
understand and access those services.

8. GLOBAL TRENDS
Euro Zone Growth Accelerates in 2Q15
T
he euro zone economy grew faster than expect‐
ed in the second quarter of 2015, mainly because
of faster growth in Italy and Greece. Seasonally
adjusted GDProse by 0.4 per cent in both the euro area
(EA19) and the EU28 during the second quarter of 2015,
compared with the previous quarter, according to a sec‐
ond estimate published by Eurostat, the statistical of‐
ce of the European Union. In the rst quarter of 2015,
GDPgrew by 0.5per cent in both areas. Compared with
the same quarter of the previous year, seasonally ad‐
justed GDProse by 1.5 per cent in the euro area and by
1.9 per cent in the EU28 in the second quarter of 2015,
after +1.2 per cent and +1.7 per cent respectively in the
previous quarter.

9. GLOBAL TRENDS
GDPgrowth by Member States
GDP increased in all member states for which data are
available for the second quarter of 2015, except France
where it remained stable. The highest growth com‐
pared with the previous quarter was recorded in Latvia
(+1.2 per cent), Malta (+1.1per cent), the Czech Repub‐
lic, Spain and Sweden (all +1.0 per cent), followed by
Greece and Poland (both +0.9 per cent), Slovakia (+0.8
per cent), Estonia, Croatia, Lithuania, Slovenia and the
United Kingdom (all +0.7 per cent). The lowest growth
rates were registered in the Netherlands, Austria and
Romania(all +0.1per cent).
GDP Components and Contributions
to Growth
During the second quarter of 2015, household nal con‐
sumption expenditure rose by 0.4 per cent in both the
euro area and the EU28 (after +0.5 per cent and +0.6
per cent respectively in the previous quarter). Gross
xed capital formation declined by 0.5 per cent in the
euro area and 0.1per cent in the EU28 (after +1.4 per
cent in both zones). Exports rose by 1.6 per cent in
both the euro area and the EU28 (after +1.0 per cent
in both zones). Imports increased by 1.0 per cent in the
euro area and by 0.8 per cent in the EU28 (after +1.5
per cent and +1.6 per cent). Household nal consump‐
tion expenditure had a positive contribution to GDP
growth both in the euro area and the EU28 (+0.2 and
+0.3 percentage points). Gross xed capital formation
had a negative contribution to GDPgrowth in the euro
area (-0.1pp) and wasneutral in the EU28 (0.0 pp). The
contribution of the external balance to GDP growth
was positive for both zones, while the contribution of
changes in inventories was negative.
Going forward, with oil prices remaining benign along
with ongoing improvements in labor market, consump‐
tion is expected to be an important growth driver in the
second half of the year.
USFed DefersRate Hike
In line with our expectations, the US Federal Reserve
maintained status‐quo and kept the Fed funds rate tar‐
get range unchanged at 0.0‐0.25 per cent in its policy
meeting held on September 18th, 2015. In the accompa‐
nying statement, it wasmentioned that “ in determining
how long to maintain this target range, the Committee
will assess progress--both realized and expected--to‐
ward its objectives of maximum employment and 2per
cent in ation. This assessment will take into account a
wide range of information, including measures of labor
market conditions, indicatorsof in ation pressuresand
in ation expectations, and readings on nancial and in‐
ternational developments. The Committee anticipates
that it will be appropriate to raise the target range for
the federal funds rate when it has seen some further
improvement in the labor market and is reasonably con‐
dent that in ation will move back to its 2per cent ob‐
jective over the medium term” .
The median Fed fundsrate projection for 2015 waslow‐
ered to 0.375per cent ascompared to 0.625 per cent in
the June projection. The projections for 2016 and 2017
projections have been revised lower to 1.375 per cent
(prior 1.625 per cent) and 2.625 per cent (prior 2.875
per cent) respectively, suggesting a very gradual pace
of rate hikes. Meanwhile, the 2018 Fed fundsrate (pub‐
lished for the rst time) standsat 3.375per cent.
Thepolicystatement highlighted risksfrom recent glob‐
al and nancial market volatility,stating that “ (thesede‐
velopments) may restrain (US) economic activity some‐
what and are likely to put further downward pressure
on in ation in the near term” . Fed Chair Janet Yellen, in
the post policy statement, stated that given the softer
expected in ation path (on account of global risks and
Dollar strength), further developments in labour mar‐
ket and incoming economic data will remain key in any
policy decision. However, the Committee rea rmed its
stance that in ation will gradually move towards the 2
per cent target in the medium term as transitory impact
of lower energy and import prices dissipates.
In the Summary of Economic Projections (SEP) that ac‐
companied the statement, the FOMCrevised higher its
projection range for GDP growth in 2015. This is in line
with the upbeat Q2 2015 growth print and upward revi‐
sions to the Q12015 GDP growth. The unemployment
rate projection meanwhile, was revised slightly lower
across the board (2015-2017). In ation projection for
2015 was revised lower as well.

10. GLOBAL TRENDS
When the Committee decides to begin to remove pol‐
icy accommodation, it will take a balanced approach
consistent with its longer‐run goals of maximum em‐
ployment and in ation of 2 per cent. The Committee
currently anticipates that, even after employment and
in ation are near mandate-consistent levels, economic
conditions may, for some time, warrant keeping the
target federal funds rate below levels the Committee
views as normal in the longer run. On balance, the Fed‐
Nonfarm payroll employment increased by lower than
expected 142K in September 2015, and the unemploy‐
ment rate was unchanged at 5.1per cent. The August
print was revised lower to 136K(from 173Kearlier). The
Analysing the revisions since July 2015, a sharp drop was
seen in the private payrollswhich slipped from 195Kjob
additions in July to 118K in September. Within private
payrolls, service‐providing segments posted the steep‐
est drop since July with lower job additions witnessed
across the board. The manufacturing sector (within
private goods-providing) continued to be a drag on job
gains. Meanwhile, government payrolls failed to pro‐
vide any cushion, though the losses remained capped.
Employment rose in health care and information, while
eral Reserve is expected to shift gears and increase to
Fed Rate by only next year now.
Voting for the FOMC monetary policy action were: Ja‐
net L. Yellen, Chair; William C. Dudley, Vice Chairman;
Lael Brainard; Charles L. Evans; Stanley Fischer; Dennis
P. Lockhart; Jerome H. Powell; Daniel K. Tarullo; and
John C. Williams. Voting against the action was Je rey
M. Lacker, who preferred to raise the target range for
the federal funds rate by 25 basis points at this meeting.
July print was revised down as well, taking the total
July-August revisions to -59K. The less volatile three-
month average NFPprint declined to 167K(prior: 201K).
The below 200 gure displays cause for concern as la‐
bour market recovery seemsto have slipped o track.
has averaged 198K per month, compared with an aver‐
age monthly gain of 26Kin 2014.
In September, average hourly earnings of all employ‐
ees on private nonfarm payrolls, at $25.09, were little
changed (-1cent), following a rise of 9 cents in August
2015. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings
have risen by 2.2 per cent.
Turning to measures from the household survey, the
unemployment rate held at 5.1 per cent in September
2015, and the number of unemployed was little changed
Nonfarm Payroll Data for USPaintsaGrim
Picture

11. GLOBAL TRENDS
at 7.9 million. Among the unemployed, 2.1 million, or
26.6 per cent, had been unemployed for 27 weeks or
more, little changed from the prior month. The labor
force participation rate decreased to 62.4 per cent in
With US economy on its gradual economic recovery
path and recent hawkish commentary by Fed o cials
(Fed Chair Janet Yellen and New York Fed President Wil‐
liam Dudley), a December lift-o remains on the table.
September 2015; it had been 62.6 per cent for the pri‐
or 3 months. The employment-population ratio edged
down to 59.2 per cent over the month after showing
little change for the rst 8 monthsof the year.
Thisisfurther supported by thefact that majority of the
Fed members (13 of 17) continue to see an interest rate
hike in 2015. However, the odds of a December policy
tightening reduce in light of the downbeat labour mar‐
ket data.

12. DOMESTIC TRENDS
Easing Business
T
he recent Cabinet decision to amend the Arbitra‐
tion and Conciliation Act 1996 is one of the bold‐
est reform measures; it will go along wayin facili‐
tating the ease of doing business in India.
One of the key factors impacting India’s low ranking in
the World Bank’s report on Ease of Doing Business is
to do with legal structures and the arbitration process.
India’s judicial system takesan average of 1,420 days to
resolve a commercial dispute. On the other hand, coun‐
trieswith ahigh ranking take only 4 to 6 months.
The proposal to bring in a new Bill seeksto addressthis
issue by introducing xed time-linesfor resolution of ar‐
bitration cases. The imposition of a12-month cap to set‐
tle disputes, extendable by a maximum of six months,
will immediately reduce the long list of pending cases
in the courts.
Simultaneously, the government is planning to increase
the number of courts with commercial courts being set
up separately to look at disputeresolution. Thesemeas‐
ureswill comeasamajor boost to industry and will help
India improve its position in the ranking order.
Dispute Settlements
This decision comes at a time when several projects
across crucial infrastructure sectors are stuck midway
with unsettled claims running into thousands. The twin
approach of introducing caps on the time‐line and the
fee for arbitrators will ensure speedy settlement of dis‐
putes and will also act as a deterrent to prolonging cas‐
es. Early dispute resolution will help cash ows of com‐
panies, thus helping them to ensure timely payment to
banks, undertakenew projects, and avoid projectsturn‐
ing into NPAs.

13. DOMESTIC TRENDS
Thenew normswill providefor faster disputeresolution
by putting a cap on time limit of 1 year, extendable by six
monthson consent of theparties. Thisprocesscurrently
takes approximately 6-8 years. Amendment of section
34 will restrict the conditions to challenge the arbitral
award under
Public policy guidelines and amendment to section 36
will ensurethat mere ling of application for challenging
the arbitration will not be enough to stay the execution
of the award.
The cap on fee of the arbitrators proposed in the new
norms will save the companies from paying huge
amounts as fees for arbitration; earlier the arbitrators
were paid based on number of sittings which encour‐
aged them to prolong the settlement process impacting
both time and cost.
Empowering the Tribunal
The amendment to the Arbitration Act will empower
the arbitral tribunals further and enable them to grant
all kinds of enforceable interim measures; currently
only the courts have the power to do this. Moreover,
this will prevent obvious cases to be appealed further.
Some additional amendments that will further stream‐
line ease of doing business could possibly include: pro‐
vision of a fast track mechanism subject to mutual con‐
sent; any further legal challenge to be made only after
arbitration award ispaid/deposited in court; removal of
pre-de ned nominationsof potential members.
While the e ect of the amendment may be seen only
two or three years after of enactment, this reform
would certainly enable India to attract foreign invest‐
ments and help revive sectors crucial for rebooting In‐
dia’s growth story. Going forward, India can aim to be
aglobal centre for arbitration like Singapore, Dubai and
London.
This article appeared in The Hindu Business Line dated September 2, 2015. Online version of the article can be accessed
from: http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/easing-business/article7608284.ece

14. DOMESTIC TRENDS
Growth in industrial production surprised on the up‐
side, with the Index of Industrial Production (IIP) rising
sharplyby 6.4 per cent in August 2015ascompared with
revised growth of 4.1per cent in the previous month.
The favourable base e ect has boosted the IIP growth
in August 2015, astheIIPgrowth wassubdued at 0.5per
cent in August 2014. Manufacturing and capital goods
were the primary drivers of this strong print registering
6.9 per cent and 21.8 per cent respectively. Consumer
goods sector output which had remained anaemic
in July 2015, surprised on the upside in the reporting
Growth in the eight core sectors — coal, crude oil, natu‐
ral gas, re nery products, fertiliser, steel, cement and
electricity — grew by 2.6 per cent in August 2015after a
growth of 1.1 per cent in July 2015, mainly on account of
expansion in crude oil, fertilisers, cement and electric‐
ity output. Total growth in the core sectors, which hasa
weightage of nearly 38 per cent in the Index of Industri‐
al Production (IIP), during theApril-August period stood
at 2.2 per cent from 5.6 per cent in the corresponding
period of 2014-15.
Electricity generation, commanding the highest weight‐
ageat 10.3per cent, roserobustly by 5.6 per cent during
the month under review, whereas steel production, the
second most important component as per weightage,
contracted 5.9 per cent in August .Distilling of re nery
month on the back of onset of festive season demand.
The uptick in consumer goods was due to a sharp in‐
crease in consumer durables, which continued to show
improvement as passenger vehicles sales etc posted
recovery. On a cumulative basis, industrial production
growth has improved at higher pace of 4.1per cent in
April‐August 2015 compared with 3 per cent in the corre‐
sponding period last year. In FY16, we expect industrial
production to grow at a higher rate as compared to the
previous scal on the back of improving global condi‐
tions and policy aided domestic upturn
products, the third most important component as per
weightage, was higher by 5.8 per cent last month. The
crude oil extraction, which has a 5.2 per cent weight‐
age, washigher by 5.6 per cent during the month under
review in comparison to the data for August 2014. Its
cumulative index during April-August 2015-16 stood at
0.5 per cent over the corresponding period of previous
year.
Natural gas output accelerated to 3.7 per cent in Au‐
gust 2015 against 5.9 per cent fall in July 2015. This is
the rst month of theyear when natural gasproduction
hasshown an increase. Production of cement increased
to 5.4 per cent in August 2015 as compared to 1.3 per
cent in the previous month. Cumulatively, it increased
by over one per cent in the year till date over the cor‐
responding period last year.
IIP Growth Stays Healthy in August 2015

15. DOMESTIC TRENDS
On the sectoral front, growth of manufacturing sector,
which constitutes over 75 per cent of the index, acceler‐
ated to 6.9 per cent in August 2015 compared with 4.6
per cent growth in the previous month. In terms of in‐
dustries, fteen (15) out of the twenty two (22) industry
groups (as per 2-digit NIC-2004) in the manufacturing
sector have shown positive growth during the month
of August 2015 as compared to the corresponding
month of the previous year. The industry group ‘Furni‐
ture; manufacturing n.e.c.’ showed the highest positive
growth of 90.8 per cent, followed by 40.8 per cent in
‘Electrical machinery & apparatus n.e.c.’ and 19.5 per
cent in ‘Wearing apparel; dressing and dyeing of fur’. On
the other hand, the industry group ‘Tobacco products’
showed the highest negative growth of (-) 9.5 per cent,
followed by (-) 9.1per cent in ‘Publishing, printing & re‐
production of recorded media’ and (-) 9.0 per cent in
‘Radio, TVand communication equipment & apparatus’.
Electricity output continued to grow at robust rate of
grew at a higher rate of 5.6 per cent in August 2015 as
compared to 3.5 per cent in the previous month. Min‐
ing output accelerated to 3.8 per cent, after growing at
an anaemic rate of 0.9 per cent in July 2015. The recent
auction of coal mines by the government could pro‐
vide some impetus to coal production in the months to
come.
On the use‐based front, the volatility in capital goods
continued. Capital goods grew at a healthy rate of 21.8
per cent in August 2015, which was a considerable in‐
crease from July’s upwardly revised 10.6 per cent
growth rate. However, it is di cult to conclusively de‐
termine the sustainability of capital goods output as
it continues to be a signi cantly volatile component.
In sharp contrast to last month, growth of consumer
goods accelerated to 6.8 per cent as compared to an
anaemic growth to the tune of 0.9 per cent posted in
July 2015 primarily on account of the negative print on
non-durables. Consumer durables showed strong posi‐
tive growth for the third month in a row at 17.0 per cent.
Non‐durables moved out of red territory in August 2015
as it posted 0.4 per cent growth rate as compared to
contraction to the tune of 4.6 per cent in July 2015. No‐
tably, non durableshave a signi cant share in IIPat 21.4
per cent. Basic and intermediate goods posted positive
growth.

16. DOMESTIC TRENDS
WPI in ation was in the negative territory for the 5th
month of this scal year as it fell to -4.95 per cent from
-4.05 per cent in July 2015 as major commodity prices
continue to fall. The WPI in ation has seen a broad –
base deepening due to several factors such as declining
crude oil prices due to supply glut and low demand from
world’s major economies which have not only brought
down retail prices of petroleum products but have also
helped producers’ cut down on transportation costs. As
a result fuel in ation has continued to contract for the
last ten consecutivemonths. Sustained declinein WPI is
good newsfor corporateasWPI isinput pricefor manu‐
facturing process.
Retail in ation asmeasured by consumer price in ation
(CPI) increased to 4.4 per cent in September 2015, as
compared to revised 3.7 per cent on the back of an un‐
favourable base e ect. It however stayed within RBI’s
target range. The sequential momentum of headline
CPI index halved to 0.5 per cent on month—on-month
basis. This was primarily attributable to slower pace of
increase of food CPI by 0.7 per cent month-on-month
as against prior of 1.7 per cent on month‐on‐month ba‐
sis. In ation pressures remained contained across ma‐
jor food sub-components, except for pulses, which re‐
mained elevated at ~30 per cent. Meanwhile, in ation
in other proteins i.e. milk, egg, meat and sh, slipped
to record low of 5.1per cent. Core in ation increased to
Outlook
Industrial production grew at a robust rate in August 2015 on the back of healthy growth rate in manufacturing and
capital goods sector. An upturn in capital goods production seems underway, clear evidence of a revival in invest‐
ment demand, which would need to build on thetentativeindicationsof unclogging of stalled investment projects,
stabilising of private new investment intentions and improving sales of commercial vehicles. The government is
aware of thissituation and hasalready taken anumber of policy and reform initiatives. We are hopeful that the ini‐
tiativestaken by the government in termsof expeditiousproject clearances, simpli cation of proceduresand new
investment announcements as well asthe ‘Make in India’ initiative would improve the order book position, revive
demand and help e ect a turnaround in the investment cycle.
In ation Remains Under Check

17. DOMESTIC TRENDS
Primary products continued to face de ation to the
tune of -3.7 per cent in August 2015. Primary food ar‐
ticles which had recorded in ation in June 2015, once
again showed de ation in the reporting month - to the
tune of -1.1per cent. Prices of onions rose by 65.3 per
cent in August 2015 from -0.49 per cent in July 2015
pushing up food in ation. However, the continued
moderation in potato prices to ‐51.2 per cent in August
2015 more than compensated vegetables’ price to -21.2
per cent for August 2015 , a tad higher from -24.4 per
cent in July 2015. Further, prices of pulses and fruits also
showed some increase in August 2015. Pulses prices
have been climbing up since last six months, reached
36.5 per cent in August 2015 compared to 35.8 per cent
in July 2015. Prices of fruits increased in August 2015 to
-1.3 per cent from -4.5 per cent in July 2015. However,
going forward, there are upside risks to food in ation
on the back of the expected fall in food grain produc‐
tion due to unseasonal rainfalls in March and April 2015
4.3 per cent as against prior of 4.1per cent. However,
the subdued domestic demand coupled with weak in‐
ternational crude prices is likely to support muted core
in ation in the coming months. On balance, the over‐
and weak spatial distribution of rainfall so far. Further,
primary non-food in ation which had moved into the
negative territory in July 2015, after recording in ation
in the previous month, continued to remain there in Au‐
gust 2015 too.
De ation in fuel sector stood at -16.5per cent in August
2015 as compared to ‐12.8 per cent in the month before.
Both petrol and diesel too showed de ation during the
month. Benign crudeoil priceshavehelped to keep fuel
prices in check in the last couple of months.
Manufacturing sector too posted de ation by a large
clip for the sixth consecutive month in August 2015 to
the tune of -1.9 per cent as compared to -1.1per cent
in the previous month. Non‐food manufacturing or core
in ation, which is widely regarded as the proxy for de‐
mand‐side pressures in the economy remained subdued
at -1.9 per cent during the month as compared to -1.0
per cent during the previous month.
all in ation situation in the Indian economy remains
benign on the back of weak global commodity prices,
Government steps and limited impact witnessed of de‐
cient monsoon on food prices.

18. DOMESTIC TRENDS
Exports growth disappointed for the ninth consecutive
month, contracting by a bigger clip of ‐20.7 per cent to
US$21.3 billion in August 2015 as against contraction to
the tune of 10.3 per cent in July 2015. Subdued global
demand and falling commodity prices have been con‐
stantly pushing down India’s exports. Cumulatively,
April-August 2015 saw exports dropping to 16.3 per
cent on-year compared with a 5.6 per cent rise in the
same period last year. Fall in exports was seen across
commodities. Engineering goods - India’s biggest ex‐
port commodity group having 22 per cent share – saw
their exportsdeclining byahefty 29.1per cent in August
2015. Export growth of Gems& Jewellery–third biggest
export item, slowed down for the third consecutive
month to 2.7 per cent. Services sector exports grew by
an anaemic 0.3 per cent August 2015.
Imports too contracted by 9.9 per cent to US$33.7 bil‐
lion in August 2015, compared to prior month’scontrac‐
tion of 10.3 per cent. While crude oil imports declined
42.6 per cent amidst sharp fall in international crude oil
prices, gold imports registered a growth of 140.1 per
cent. The latter trend is likely to be maintained in the
near futurewith the onset of festive season in India. Cu‐
mulatively for April‐August 2015, overall imports shrunk
by 11.6 per cent.
Outlook
The WPI index has declined for the tenth consecutive month indicating slackness in economic activity across sec‐
tors. Given that CPI in ation has remained more-or-less range bound in RBI’s target range, it rea rms the mod‐
eration of in ation print which in turn would have a bene cial impact on in ationary expectations. CII hopes this
(easing in ation) would provide the requisite space to RBI to continue with itsrate easing cycle in itsforthcoming
monetary policy announcement to provide a llip to growth.
Weak EXIM Performance Continues

19. DOMESTIC TRENDS
The consistent fall in exportshasbeen exerting upward
pressure on the trade de cit which clocked US$12.5 bil‐
lion in August 2015 compared to US$10.7 billion last year.
Consequently, India’scurrent account de cit for Q1FY16
widened abit to 1.2per cent of GDPascompared to the
previous print of 0.2 per cent. However, it has narrowed
In a signi cant move, RBI chose to reduce the key repo
rate by 50 bps in its fourth bi‐monthly monetary policy
meeting held on September 29th, 2015. The policy repo
rate under the liquidity adjustment facility (LAF) now
standsat 6.75 per cent. Consequently, the reverse repo
rate under the LAF will remain unchanged at 5.75 per
cent, and the marginal standing facility (MSF) rate and
theBank Rateat 7.75per cent.TheRBI in itspolicystate‐
ment indicated that it will continue to provide liquidity
under overnight repos at 0.25 per cent of bank‐wise
NDTL at the LAF repo rate and liquidity under 14-day
term repos as well as longer term repos of up to 0.75
per cent of NDTL of the banking system through auc‐
tions. In addition, it has allowed for a gradual increase
in the limit on foreign portfolio investments in central
and state government bonds. Also, the ceiling for bank
investments under the held‐to‐maturity category will be
reduced over time from 22 per cent to 21.5 per cent.
In what was an extremely objective communication
of determinants of monetary policy, the RBI acknowl‐
edged broadly three factors which shaped this action.
‐ First, the bulk of their preconditions had been
when seen against the outturn in the same period last
year. Though improving domestic competitiveness
through structural reforms is crucial to improve exports
performance, we believe that can only materialize in
the medium term. In the near term, a weaker Rupee can
act as a catalyst to revive competitiveness.
achieved so far. Most importantly, in ation has de‐
clined signi cantly and while their focusisnow pre‐
dictably shifting towards the 5 per cent target by
end FY17however, their expectation of 4.8 per cent
in the last quarter of FY17isan optimistic outcome.
- Second, the RBI thinks that domestic demand has
to pick up further to take up the slack from weaken‐
ing global demand and also it was felt that a strong‐
er policy signal would help support capex recovery.
- Finally, the RBI thinks that the government will
manage scal goalscarefully and improve spending
quality. These factors support the RBI’s stance to
remain as accommodative as is possible.
Regarding the future outlook on its stance, RBI men‐
tioned that while its stance will continue to be accom‐
modative, the focus of monetary action for the near
term will shift to working with the government to en‐
sure that impediments to banks passing on the bulk of
the cumulative 125 basis points cut in the policy rate are
removed. The Reserve Bank will continue to be vigilant
for signs that monetary policy adjustments are needed
to keep the economy on the target disin ationary path.
RBI Reduces Interest Rates by 50 bps

20. DOMESTIC TRENDS
Regarding growth, the Central Bank was of the view
that in India, a tentative economic recovery was under‐
way, but was still far from robust. In agriculture, sown
areahad expanded modestly from ayear ago,re ecting
the timely and robust onset of the monsoon in June, but
the southwest monsoon is currently de cient by 14 per
cent – with production-weighted rainfall de ciency at
20 per cent. Nevertheless, the rst advance estimates
indicate that food grain production is expected to be
higher than last year, re ecting actionstaken to contain
the adverse e ects of rain de ciency through timely
advisories and regular monitoring of seed and fertiliser
availability. Rural demand, however, remained subdued
as re ected in still shrinking tractor and two-wheeler
sales. Manufacturing had exhibited uneven growth in
April‐July, with industrial activity slowing sequentially in
July, although it has been in expansionary mode for the
ninth month in succession. However, external demand
conditions have turned weaker, suggesting a more per‐
sistent drag from lower exports and cheaper imports
due to global overcapacity. Thiscontributes to continu‐
ing domestic capacity under‐utilisation, decelerating
new orders and a rising ratio of nished goods inven‐
tories to sales.
RBI noted that “ the underlying economic activity re‐
mained weak on account of the sustained decline in
exports, rainfall de ciency and weaker than expected
momentum in industrial production and investment ac‐
tivity. With global growth and trade slower than initial
expectations, a continuing lack of appetite for new in‐
vestment in the private sector, the constraint imposed
by stressed assets on bank lending and waning business
con dence, output growth projected for 2015-16 was
marked down slightly to 7.4 per cent from 7.6 per cent
earlier”.
On in ation front, its glide path is very encouraging as
the RBI felt that government policy measures and the
sustained fall in crude prices will o set any Rupee de‐
preciation concerns. Taking all this into consideration,
in ation is expected to reach 5.8 per cent in January
2016, ashade lower than the August projection. The 5.8
per cent target by January 2016 and the expectation of
4.8 per cent by Q4-FY2017 is quite reassuring and may
open up room for further accommodation contingent
on realization.
CII’sViewpoint
CII appreciated and welcomed theRBI’sdecision to reduceinterest ratesby50 basispoints.Industrywasexpecting
thiskind of reduction given thein ation and macro economicconditions, which provide stability and con denceto
RBI. CII washappy to notethat theRBI had taken thisaction recognising theweaknessin demand and theneed for
areduction in borrowing ratesto drive arecovery. RBI’saction had removed considerable uncertainty with regard
to the direction of borrowing costsfaced by industry. The corporate sector will now be in abetter position to drive
arecovery in investment and growth. CII also welcomed the decision to reduce SLRby 0.25 per cent every quarter
till March 312017, asthiswill steadily improve liquidity in the banking system

21. CORPORATEPERFORMANCE
Corporate Performance in 1QFY16
T
he corporate resultsat theend of rst quarter of
current scal painted a rather gloomy picture as
the nancial performance of Indian companies,
especially manufacturing sector rms, deteriorated. A
lower than expected 7.0 per cent GDP growth in the
reporting quarter could not salvage the cause, even as
the rate cuts by the RBI provided some respite. On one
hand, the ambitious “ Make in India” campaign is yet to
translate into hard numbers, and on the other hand, In‐
dia has been struggling to keep face in the international
trade arena. While the growth in expenditure costs
stood somewhat curbed, fading growth of net sales as
well as contraction in PAT added to the prevalent de‐
spair.
The analysisfactorsin the nancial performance during
the rst quarter of 2015-16 of a balanced panel of 2422
manufacturing companies (excluding oil and gas com‐
panies) and 1167 service rms extracted from the Ace
Equity database.
Growth in net sales on an aggregate basis stood at a
measly 2.8 per cent at theend of rst quarter of 2015-16,
as compared to 8.8 per cent in the same quarter a year
ago. In fact the growth in net sales has been deceler‐
ating now for the past four quarters straight now. The
growth of net sales for manufacturing rmswas aslow
as 0.5 per cent during the quarter as compared to 8.8
per cent in the same quarter a year ago. Firms in the ser‐
vice sector fared no better, with their net sales growing
at a softened pace of 6.4 per cent in the rst quarter of
current scal ascompared to agrowth of 8.8 per cent in
the same quarter in thepreviousyear. The low net sales
of rms were re ective of the lack of ample demand in
the economy, a scenario that has been persistent for
quitesome time now. Theslowing demand in theexter‐
nal markets has been doing no good either.

22. CORPORATEPERFORMANCE
On an aggregate basis, total expenditure deceler‐
ated sharply to 3.1 per cent in the reporting quarter as
against a growth of 11.2 per cent in the corresponding
period of 2014-15. While costs for the manufacturing
sector contracted by 0.3 per cent as compared to 10.5
per cent in the same quarter a year ago, those in the
service sector too dropped to 8.7 per cent as compared
to 12.3per cent in the rst quarter of 2014-15. Thiscame
as a breather and fairly cushioned the severe impact of
lower net sales growth during the quarter. Amongst the
various components of total expenditure, the growth
in wages and salaries stood at 8.5 per cent in the rst
While moderation in growth of expenditure has to
some extent mitigated the impact of the current bout
of economiccrisischaracterized by falling growth in net
sales, the reduction was not large enough to provide
cushion to the bottom-line of the corporate. Conse‐
quently, there was de-growth witnessed in pro t after
tax (PAT) in the rst quarter of 2015-16 on an aggregate
quarter of current scal ascompared to 7.3 per cent re‐
corded in the corresponding period of 2014-15. Encour‐
agingly, growth in interest costs decelerated to 8.3 per
cent in the reporting quarter as against 14.0 per cent in
the same quarter of 2014-15. This mirrors the reduction
in the interest rates by the RBI in the recent months.
The brightest spot for the companies came from the
fact that growth in raw material cost contracted by 1.7
per cent in the reporting quarter as compared to a posi‐
tive growth of 10.6 per cent seen in the same quarter of
2014-15. Since, raw material cost hasthe largest share in
total expenditure cost, its decline is indeed a good news
for the rms.
basisasPATcontracted by 9.2per cent in the April-June
2016 quarter as compared to a growth of 25.2 per cent
in the rst quarter of 2014-15. PATcontracted for manu‐
facturing rms by 18.6 per cent in the rst quarter of
current scal as compared to a growth of 33.9 per cent
in the same quarter of last year. The service sector also
lagged behind as PAT witnessed de-growth by 0.8 per

23. CORPORATEPERFORMANCE
cent in the reporting quarter as against a growth of 18.3
per cent seen in the corresponding quarter of last year.
Operating pro ts (PBDIT) too followed fairly similar
trends and on an aggregate level, the growth in oper‐
ating pro ts fell to the tune of 4.3 per cent in the rst
quarter of 2015-16 against agrowth of 10.9 per cent over
Our analysis shows that both net and gross margins
rose mostly fell across all sectors and on an aggregate
basis, with the exception of a minuscule improvement
in gross margins in service sector and on an aggregate
basis. This fall mirrored the contraction in pro tability
Over the past nine quarters, while net sales and expend‐
iture hasmostly followed adownward trend, pro tabil‐
ity hasdisplayed wide uctuations. A period of positive
growth which lasted four quarters saw PATgrowing to
the corresponding period of 2014-15. The gures were
worse for the manufacturing sector, wherein, operat‐
ing pro ts contracted by 0.9 per cent as compared to a
positive growth of 12.4 per cent a year ago. For the ser‐
vice sector, operating pro tswitnessed only a marginal
decline to 9.0 per cent as compared to 9.6 per cent in
the same quarter in 2014-15
and decelerating operating pro ts. For the rst quarter
in the current scal, while the net margin stood at 7.6
per cent on an aggregate basis, down by 1.1 percentage
points in year on year terms, for manufacturing and ser‐
vices, it stood at 5.5 per cent and 10.7 per cent respec‐
tively.
as much as 25.8 per cent in the second quarter of pre‐
vious scal year, only to drop in the negative territory
wherein it has been hovering in double‐digit negative
gures for the last three quarters, much to the concern
of the industry.

24. CORPORATEPERFORMANCE
Struck with uninspiring demand in the economy, dwin‐
dling balance of trade, weak sales and ever moribund
pro tability, the Indian companies are trying hard to
clutch a straw of hope. E orts are in force by rms to
improve their own production e ciencies and employ
cost e ective measuresto tideover thecurrent di cult
times. Simultaneously, there are also expectations of
some serious economic reforms, some of which have
already come in form of necessary rate cuts by the RBI,
that would elevate the economy, help pick up sales and
raise the pro tability for the Indian corporate in the
months to come.

25. SECTOR IN FOCUS
Make in India and the Potential for Job Creation
Introduction
The average GDP growth in the manufacturing sector
was 9.52
per cent in the early nineties when the eco‐
nomic reform process was initiated. Thereafter, from
1996-97onwardsadecline in manufacturing sector GDP
was witnessed till 2001‐02. From 2002‐03 there was a re‐
vival and the sector recorded an average double digit
growth of 10.1 3
per cent during theperiod from 2005-06
to 2009-10. But from 2010-11onwards again a decline in
GDP growth was witnessed with the sector recording
a negative growth of 0.7 4
per cent in 2013-14. To give a
boost to the manufacturing sector growth and to make
the sector globally competitive, the government had
announced the National Manufacturing Policy in 2011.
The policy envisaged enhancing the share of manufac‐
turing to GDPfrom 16 to 25 per cent and to create 100
million jobs by 2022. The policy envisages the Centre
to provide an enabling framework and incentives for
infrastructure development on a PPP mode and the
State Governments to be encouraged to adopt the in‐
strumentalities provided in the policy viz; setting up
of National Investment and Manufacturing Zones, ra‐
tionalization and simpli cation of business regulations,
incentives for small & medium enterprises, industrial
training and skill up gradation measures among others.
However, the manufacturing sector growth continued
to be acause of concern. With nearly 63per cent of the
population in the working age group (15-64 years) the
Prime Minister in his Independence Day Speech in 2014
invited the world to ‘Make in India’, ‘Manufacture in In‐
dia’ and indicated that growth of manufacturing sector
is must for employment generation of the youth.
The Make in India initiative announced o cially in Sep‐
tember 2014, aims to facilitate investment, foster inno‐
vation, enhance skill development, protect intellectual
MS. SUNITA SANGHI, ADVISER
Labour & Employment & HRDDivision in NITI Aayog
MS. A. SRIJA1
Director, Labour & Employment in NITI Aayog
1
The authors wish to acknowledge the contribution of Mr. Shrinivas Shirke, former Research O cer of NITIAayog in contributing to the NSSOunit
level data analysis and in preparation of the Tables &Graphs. Views expressed are personal and not of the institution they represent.
2
Calculated from Press Release on Summary of macroeconomic aggregates at constant(2004-05) prices, 1950-51to 2013-14
3
ibid
4
ibid
&

26. SECTORIN FOCUS
property and build best in class manufacturing infra‐
structure and convert India into a manufacturing hub
of the world. In this paper an attempt has been made
to see the employment potential of the Make in India
initiative.
Manufacturing in India
The manufacturing sector in India is heterogeneous
with a preponderance of small unregistered manufac‐
turing units accounting for almost 80 per cent5
of the
employment in the sector with GDPcontribution of just
4.5per cent in 2012-13. In other wordsthegrowth of the
manufacturing sector is led by registered manufactur‐
ing. The average GDP growth in manufacturing sector
during the period from 2000‐01 to 2012‐13 was 7.5 per
cent of which registered sector recorded an average
growth of 8.7 per cent and unregistered sector an aver‐
age growth of 5.2 per cent 6
.
Despite the industrial policy reformsinitiated since 1991
some of the major hurdles in manufacturing sector
growth remained viz. poor infrastructure, bureaucratic
delays, high cost of capital, delays in land acquisition,
labour laws etc . The earlier attempt to set up Special
Economic Zones to speed up manufacturing growth
met with limited success due to these hurdles. In the
Global Competitiveness Index 2014-15 India is in the 71st
position out of a total of 144 countries. In the Global In‐
novation Index 2015 India ranks 81 out of a total num‐
ber of 141countries. As per the World Bank’s Ease of
Doing Business Ranking 2015 India is ranked 142among
189 countries. The ranking of the sub-indicators of the
Ease of Doing Business Index viz; starting a business
(158th
rank), dealing with construction permits (184th
rank), getting electricity (137th
rank), registering prop‐
erty (121st
rank), getting credit (36th
rank), paying taxes
(156th
rank), trading across borders (126th
rank), enforc‐
ing contracts(186th
rank) and resolving insolvency (137th
rank) only validates the earlier mentioned hurdles as
still existing and sti ing manufacturing growth. Dur‐
ing 2014-15 a slew of measures have been initiated to
simplify these hurdles and to bring about ease of doing
business in India.
The“ Makein India” initiative7
focuses on 25 key sectors
and is based on four pillars, which have been identi ed
to give boost to entrepreneurship in India, not only in
manufacturing but also other sectors. The four pillars
are:
• New Processes: ‘Make in India’ recognizes ‘ease of
doing business’ as the single most important fac‐
tor to promote entrepreneurship. A number of ini‐
tiatives have already been undertaken to ease busi‐
ness environment.
• New Infrastructure: Government intends to de‐
velop industrial corridors and smart cities, create
world class infrastructure with state‐of‐the‐art tech‐
nology and high‐speed communication. Innovation
and research activities are supported through a fast
paced registration system and improved infrastruc‐
ture for IPR registration. The requirement of skills
for industry are to be identi ed and accordingly de‐
velopment of workforce to be taken up.
• New Sectors: FDI has been opened up in Defence
Production, Insurance, Medical Devices, Construc‐
tion and Railway infrastructure in a big way.
• New Mind set: In order to partner with industry in
economic development of the country Government
shall act as a facilitator and not a regulator.
The Government has started the e-biz portal which is a
one‐stop arrangement for entrepreneurs for online reg‐
istration, ling returns, seeking licence etc. The portal
synchronises the functions of six Government depart‐
ments viz; the DIPP, DGFT, CBDT, RBI, ESIC, EPFO, Min‐
istry of Corporate A airs and Petroleum & Explosives
Safety Organization at the pan-Indialevel.
Labour reforms have been initiated such as in the Ap‐
prentices Act, 1961the provisions have been simpli ed
to enable even the MSME sector to take apprentices,
extending apprentice training to non‐technical courses,
allowing apprenticeship training in informal trades etc.
The Labour Laws (Exemption from Furnishing Returns
& Maintaining Registers by Certain Establishments)
Amendment Act, 2014 extendstheprovisionsof theAct
to units holding up to 40 workers instead of 19 work‐
5
Productivity, E ciency and Competitiveness of the Indian Manufacturing Sector, RBIStudy No. 37
6
Calculated from Press Release on Summary of macroeconomic aggregates at constant(2004-05) prices, 1950-51to 2013-14
7

27. SECTORIN FOCUS
ers and the number of labour laws exempted has been
increased from the present 9 to 16. In addition the fol‐
lowing labour lawsviz; theIndustrial DisputesAct,1947,
The Minimum Wages Act, 1948, the Contract Labour
(Regulation of Employment & Conditions of Service)
Act, 1971mayalso betaken up for reform. Theproposed
Reforms in the Employees’ Provident Fund & Miscella‐
neousProvisionsAct, 1952would extend social security
bene ts under EPFO to the unorganized sector as well
as to more number of units within the organised sector.
The Government is also trying to bring in amendments
in some of the so called grey areas such as the indirect
tax regimeby bringing theGoods& ServiceTax through
a Constitution (122nd Amendment) Bill 2014, the Right
to Fair Compensation & Transparency in Land Acquisi‐
tion, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (Second Amend‐
ment) Bill 2015 with the ultimate goal of simplifying the
ease of doing business in India.
The number of people entering (0+) the labour force as
a proportion of population has decreased from around
45per cent in2004-05to 40 per cent in 2011-12 (Table-1).
Even among the economically active age group there
has been a decline in labour force participation from
around 76 per cent in 2004-05 to 63 per cent in 2011-12.
This decline was mainly due to the withdrawal of the
economically active females from the labour force dur‐
ing thisperiod. The workforce participation rate i.e. the
workforce as a proportion of the population also de‐
creased from around 45 per cent in 2004-05 to around
39 per cent in 2011-12. The other characteristic feature
of the Indian workforce is that nearly 74 per cent are in
the rural areaswith only 26 per cent in the urban areas.
The initiatives announced under Make in India have
started creating a positive investment climate and there
wasa48 per cent growth in FDI equity owsduring the
period from October 2014-April 2015. But to understand
the impact of Make in Indiainitiativeson job creation, it
is necessary to look at the labour market scenario.
Labour market scenario
India enjoys demographic advantage wherein almost
63 per cent of the population is in the economically ac‐
tive age group. In other words, the child dependency
and the old age dependency ratio are low as compared
to the economically active population which if produc‐
tively used can have a multiplier impact on growth and
employment. However, the declining Labour Force
Participation Rate both for 0+ age group and 15-64 age
group isa cause of concern. Table 1providesin nutshell
the labour market scenario.
Further males account for 72 per cent of the workforce
while females account for only 28 per cent.
Besidesthelow participation rate, the education pro le
of the workforce is also dismal with nearly 55 per cent
having education below primary of which nearly 30 per
cent are illiterate. About 28 per cent have education up
to secondary and the workforce with higher secondary
and above quali cation isonly 17per cent.
The sectoral distribution of the workforce (Graph-1)
highlights that in keeping with the structural transfor‐
mation of the labour market the proportion of work‐
force in agriculture has come down from 58.5 per cent
in 2004-05to 48.9 per cent in 2011-12. But theshift isinto

28. SECTORIN FOCUS
the low paid construction sector where the proportion
of workforce increased from 5.6 per cent to 10.6 per
cent during the same period. The manufacturing sector
witnessed an increase of only 0.9 per cent from 11.7per
cent to 12.6 per cent during thisperiod. Thenet increase
in theservicesector wasonly3.6 per cent.Even if weac‐
Hence, we have a predominantly rural workforce with
low levels of education and therefore low skill levels
posing a challenge before the Make in India Imitative.
The following section examines the transition of this
workforce to the manufacturing sector for employ‐
ment.
Makein Indiaand Employment Trends
The 25 sectors covered under the Make in India ini‐
tiative include Automobile & Automobile Components
(merged as NIC code 2 digit level is the same), Avia‐
count for the shift of manufacturing activity to the ser‐
vice sector the net increase in service sector is only mar‐
ginal compared to the decline in the agricultural sector.
In other words, the absorption of the shift of workforce
from agriculture to manufacturing and services sector
in India is very minimal.
tion, Biotechnology, Chemicals, Construction, Defence
Manufacturing/Space (merged as NICcode 2 digit level
is the same), Electrical Machinery, Electronic Systems,
Food Processing, IT& BPM, Leather, Media& Entertain‐
ment, Mining, Oil & Gas(merged asNICcode 2digit lev‐
el is the same),Pharmaceuticals, Ports, Railways, Roads
and Highways (merged as NICcode 2 digit level is the
same),Renewable Energy & Thermal Power (merged
as NICcode 2 digit level is the same),Textiles and gar‐
ments, Tourism & Hospitality, Wellness. The employ‐
ment trends under the Make in India sectors maybe
seen in Table-2.

29. SECTORIN FOCUS
The total employment generated in the Make in India
sectors was 39.66 million in 2004-05 which increased
by 164 per cent to 104.89 million in 2011-12, mainly due
to the big jump in the construction sector. The employ‐
ment created in the Make in India sectors as a propor‐
tion of total employment was 8.6 per cent in 2004-05
and 22 per cent in 2011‐12.
As maybe seen in Table-3 there has been an increase in
employment in the IT/BPO, textile and leather sectors.
However, it is worthwhile to mention that in the Make
in India barring construction, tourism, wellness, food
Although it istoo early to assesstheimpact of theMake
in India initiative on employment, as per the result of
the last Quarterly Employment Survey in Select Sectors
conducted by Labour Bureau revealsan increase in em‐
ployment in some of the sectors covered under Make
in India.
processing and the leather industry the rest of the sec‐
tors are capital intensive industries requiring skilled la‐
bour.Table-4 showstheeducational pro leof thework‐
force engaged in the Make in India sectors.

30. SECTORIN FOCUS
The sectors that were able to absorb workforce with
education level up to primary was construction, food
processing, leather, mining, oil & gas, textiles & gar‐
ments, tourism and chemicals. The sectors where India
is aiming to become global leaders such as automobile,
aviation, bio‐technology, defence manufacturing, elec‐
tronics, IT, wellness etc are highly skilled sectors re‐
quiring a workforce with educational quali cations of
at least higher secondary and above. This, therefore,
raises the immediate challenge of reskilling and upskill‐
ing the existing workforce to upgrade their skills as well
as skilling the new entrants to the labour force. Apart
from this, the need also arises for identifying alternate
labour intensive sectors where the workforce with low
education and skill levels can be engaged.
Way Forward
The policy initiative of setting up ve industrial cor‐
ridors across the length and breadth of the country
when implemented would convert the cities/towns in
the pathway into manufacturing hubs. The ve indus‐
trial corridorsviz; Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor, Am‐
ritsar-Kolkata Industrial Corridor, Bangalore-Mumbai
Industrial Corridor, Bangalore-Chennai Industrial Corri‐
dor, Chennai-Vizag Industrial Corridor would converge
in itself the creation of 100 smart cities across India.
The Digital India programme would also become a part
of the Industrial Corridor and Smart City program. But
at the base of all these programmes is the Skill India pro‐
gramme. There is an urgent need for skilling, re-skilling
and up‐skilling the labour force so that the demograph‐
ic advantage that Indiaisright now enjoying isfruitfully
utilised for creation of Industrial Corridors, Smart Cities,
Housing for All,Swachh Bharat Mission,road connectiv‐
ity etc. Only a collaborative and convergent approach
can make the Make in India initiative successful. Hence
whiletheMakein Indiainitiativewould boost themanu‐
facturing activity and thereby create jobs, the skill India
would make available job ready skilled workforce to
the industry for enhancing their productivity and facili‐
tate faster manufacturing sector and overall economic
growth. The other agship programmes would also
promote demand for various products of the manufac‐
turing sectors. This calls for close integration between
the Make in India and Skill India initiative. Some of the
policy initiativesin thisdirection could be:
n Formalising the informal sector‐ the recent initia‐

31. SECTORIN FOCUS
tivesin e-registration, exemption from ling returns
on 16 labour laws, simplifying apprenticeship train‐
ing should encourage the large number of unregis‐
tered small establishments to enrol into the formal
system which in turn would facilitate these units in
availing the micro credit facilities, technical know‐
how and facilitate their expansion.
n Promotion of cluster development of MSME units
to enable them overcome the disadvantages asso‐
ciated with economies of scale and avail of the ben‐
e ts of skill training, quality upgradation, market
promotion etc which in turn would facilitate the
growth of the sector and create more employment.
The development of virtual cluster is a step in the
right direction. It would bring all the stakeholders
viz. MSME, Financial Institutions, Government, Aca‐
demic institutions etc. together
n The mapping of the skill requirements at the secto‐
ral, district level and trade level is must for assess‐
ing the skilled manpower requirements and avoid
skill mismatch. In addition to mapping the job re‐
quirements for the domestic market there is need
to map the job requirement in the global markets
so as to provide quali ed manpower to the ageing
economies and enhance employment opportuni‐
tiesfor the youth. The setting up of the LMISor La‐
bour Market Information System should therefore
be speeded up so as to determine the skill develop‐
ment targets in tune with market demand.
n The entrepreneurship development is also very
integral for the success of the Make in India Cam‐
paign. One entrepreneur would have a force mul‐
tiplier to generate the jobs. ATAL INNOVATION
FUND and SELF EMPLOYMENT and TALENT UTILI‐
SATION FUND would promote entrepreneurship.
There is Rs 10,000 start-up fund also for promoting
start-ups and entrepreneurs. The large number of
foreign companies are committing to invest in India
Such as Apple, FOXCON, QUALCOMM, Google, Fa‐
cebook and many automobile majors have already
invested. These will while bring in investment but
would also generate ample employment opportuni‐
ties.
n There is also need to Identify and integrate labour
intensive industries with potential for employment
creation and integrate with the Make in India initia‐
tive. An exercise done in this regard for the manu‐
facturing, non‐manufacturing and services sector is
detailed below:
For instance in the manufacturing sector that ac‐
counted for 13 per cent share in total employment
in 2011‐12, out of the total of 131 economic activities
listed in NIC2008 around 85economic activitiesac‐
counted for 8.5 per cent employment in 2011‐12. Of
which a list of 30 economic activities in NIC 2008
under manufacturing with signi cant CAGRgrowth
in employment arranged in decreasing order of
their share in employment in 2011‐12 is shown in
Annexure‐1. Activities related to food processing,
manufacture of furniture, jewellery & related arti‐
cles etc are labour intensive sectors. Activities re‐
lated to manufacture of fabricated metal products
and manufacture of machinery and equipment has
shown signi cant increase in employment in 2011-
12.Theseactivitiescan act asfeeder to construction
and allied activities. These sectors have workforce
with low education and skill levels. Thus, these sec‐
tors can be given focus for promotion of employ‐
ment.
Similarly in the non‐manufacturing sector which is
predominated by construction accounted for 12 per
cent share in employment in 2011-12. Out of 141eco‐
nomic activities under NIC 2008 analysed for this
sector only 22activities accounted for 11.6 per cent
of the total employment in 2011-12. This employ‐
ment was mainly in construction related activities
and the employment was mostly of unorganized
informal typeinvolving unskilled labour. Thissector
has been very well targeted under the Make in In‐
dia initiative.
The servicessector accounted for 27per cent share
in employment in 2011-12. Out of the 204 economic
activities mentioned under NIC2008,108 activities
accounted for 20 per cent of the total employment
in 2011-12. The sectors that have recorded signi ‐
cant growth in employment out of these 108 are
shown in Annexure-II. The sectors that can be con‐
sidered for employment generation include retail
trade, repair of motor vehicles, restaurants and
food services, health services, renting and leasing,
activities of travel agencies, data processing, call
centres, private security activities etc.
To conclude to facilitate the creation of quality jobs
with decent wages skilling of the workforce is an ur‐
gent need and all e orts should be made to speed up
skill development. The initiatives like RPL and Skill Card
will go along way to achieve the objectivesof skill India
of providing skilled manpower for the manufacturing
and non‐manufacturing sectors.

32. SECTORIN FOCUS

33. SECTORIN FOCUS

34. SECTORIN FOCUS

35. FOCUSOF THEMONTH
Financial Inclusion
T
he concept of nancial inclusion has special sig‐
ni cance for a fast emerging economy such as
India, as it encompasses a large segment of the
productive sectors of the economy under the formal
nancial network to unleash their creative capacities.
Over a period of time, several nancial and economic
policy measures are being taken by banks in India to
improve access to a ordable nancial services through
nancial education, awareness generation, business
communication networking and leveraging technol‐
ogy. According to the Committee on Financial Inclusion
(Chairman: C. Rangarajan), 2008, “ Financial Inclusion
may be de ned as the process of ensuring access to ‐
nancial services and timely and adequate credit where
needed by vulnerable groups such as weaker sections
and low income groupsat an a ordable cost” .
The essence of nancial inclusion is in trying to ensure
that arange of appropriate nancial servicesare availa‐
ble to every individual and enabling them to understand
and access those services. Apart from the regular form
of nancial inclusion intermediation, it may include a
basic no‐frills banking account for making and receiv‐
ing payments, a saving product suited to the pattern of
cash owsand a poor household, money transfer facili‐
ties, small loans and overdrafts for productive personal
and other purposes, insurance etc. While nancial inci‐
sion, in the narrow sense, may be achieved to some ex‐
tent by o ering any of these services, the objective of
comprehensive nancial inclusion would beto providea
holistic set of servicescompassing all of the above. Cen‐
sus 2011estimated that out of 24.67 crore households
in the country, only 4.48 crore (58.7 per cent) house‐
holds had access to banking services. This has resulted
in non-access to a well-functioning nancial system in
the country. Despite various measures for nancial in‐
clusion, poverty and exclusion continue to dominate
socio‐economic and political discourse in India even
after 68years of independence. Though economy has
shown impressive growth during the post‐liberalisation
era(1991onwards), impact so yet to percolateto all sec‐
tions of the society and therefore India is still home to
1/3rd of world’s poor. Given the importance of nancial
inclusion in thecurrent milieu, thismonth’sFocusof the
Month presents the insights on this pertinent topic by
industry experts.

36. FOCUSOFTHEMONTH
CII Analysis
The Changing Face of Financial Inclusion in India – The
Era of Differentiated Banks
India has a proud history of policy enablement for
bringing the poor and vulnerable into the mainstream
nancial system. The Nationalization of Banks in late
1960s led to the rapid expansion of banking coverage
across the country. However, it is in late 2000s that In‐
dia launched a formal drive to bring the nancially ex‐
cluded sections of our society to mainstream nance,
by enlarging access and usage of nancial services and
products as appropriate to their needs. Dr. C. Rangara‐
jan chaired ‘Committee on Financial Inclusion’, which
submitted its recommendations to Government in early
2008, argued that enhanced access to nance for the
poor and vulnerable groups is a prerequisite for pov‐
erty reduction and social cohesion. Various commit‐
tees since then have suggested a series of measures for
comprehensive nancial inclusion with rural Indiaasthe
focal point of development.
Access to formal banking is a necessary condition for
any economy to grow. It will increase saving rates,
which will enable capital investment in sectors such as
roads, ports, and railways. India needs to invest over
US$320 billion in infrastructure. As capital is scarce, a
perfect capital market will ensure a higher return for
each additional dollar of saving invested for building In‐
dia’sinfrastructure.
Financial inclusion provides the poor an opportunity to
build their savings, make investments, avail credit, and
insure themselves against income shocks and emergen‐
cies. Reaching all corners of the country and meeting
low-ticket demand of nancial services have been the
major deterrent while emulating the normal business
models of banks. However, leveraging technology to
achieve scale has ushered in a shift in approach. Banks
now look at nancial inclusion on a whole-volume basis
and not on a per‐ticket basis.
Importantly, access to banking will increase the produc‐
tivityof theIndian Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
(MSMEs) sector, and aid the much touted Make in India
campaign for India. Only 5 per cent of the MSMEs avail
loan from institutional sources, underscoring the need
for nancial inclusion for the MSMEsector, and to drive
India’sinclusive growth agenda.
A quiet nancial revolution has begun in India since,
August 28th, 2014. The Honorable Prime Minister,
launched National Financial Inclusion Mission, namely
Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), importantly, under PMJDY,
nancial inclusion target is set at the household-level,
not villages. The PMJDY envisages universal access to
banking facilities with at least one basic banking ac‐
count for every household, nancial literacy, access to
credit, insurance and pension facility.
To supplement the Governments e ort the framework
announced by the Reserve Bank of India for di erenti‐
ated banks(paymentsbanksand small banks), isa step
in the right direction. The Reserve Bank of India, has
granted permission to set up payment banks to 11 In‐
dian companies. This is with the objective of bringing
new areasunder nancial inclusion which otherwise are
neglected by traditional commercial banks. Payment
banks can accept deposit up to Rs. 1 million, and will of‐
fer other banking services such as an issuance of ATM/
debit cards, and money transfer.
Among the big names which have been granted license
are India Post, Reliance Industries, Airtel, Vodafone,
Tech Mahindra, Paytm, IDFC, National Securities De‐
positary Limited (NSDL), Fino PayTec, Cholamandalam
group, and Aditya Birla Nuvo. Although India Post, with
0.15 million post o ces, has already got a network in
place, others are tying up with commercial banks (for
instance, Reliance with State Bank of India, Airtel with
Kotak Bank, etc.) to leverage their presence.
The usher of payment banking system is an important
step for nancial inclusion in India.
Payment bank will be a big boon for thousands of mi‐
grant workers. In India, a negligible percent of people

37. FOCUSOFTHEMONTH
used an account to receive money from their family
member living in other regions. Migrant workers land
up paying higher commissions when they transfer
moneythrough informal routesuch asHawala. Thecost
of the loan through an informal channel is also high in
India. Firms/people with access to nance/capital are
guaranteed with more income than the ones without
access to banks and capital.
As these payment banks are backed by big corporates
(some of them have already pioneered use of technol‐
ogy in the nancial sector such as Tech Mahindra and
NSDL), it will usher in a technological revolution in In‐
dia. Technology helps to augment nancial inclusion
by making accessibility to bank and nancial transac‐
tions easier. In a digital world nancial transaction hap‐
pens through a click of the mouse, and over the mobile
phone.
In India, changes have already happened in three spe‐
ci c areas. First is the introduction of Real Time Gross
Settlement (RTGS) system, enabling banks to transfer
funds across all deposit accounts in real time. The new‐
er version of RTGShasmany advanced capabilitiessuch
as national electronic fund transfer (NEFT), and elec‐
tronic fund transfer (EFT) across national boundaries.
Second is the introduction of online automatic clearing
mechanism such asBillDesk, underlying any retail trans‐
fers between the point of sale for credit/debit cards and
bank automatic teller machines. And, third is the intro‐
duction of electronicclearing service(ECS) for cheques,
an electronic mode of fund transfer from one bank ac‐
count to another.
Payment banks will make mobile network operators
(MNOs) and internet banking more popular. According
to the report published by the Internet & Mobile Asso‐
ciation of India (IAMAI), The number of internet users
in Indiahasreached 354 million by theend of June2015.
Theinternet usersin Indiahavegrown 17per cent in the
initial 6 months of this year, adding 52 million new us‐
ers. The latest gure indicates that India has more in‐
ternet users than the population of the US and become
the second largest country by the number of internet
usersafter China.
For a populous country like India future strategy for
nancial inclusion will call for technology to reach the
bottom of the pyramid, something that these payment
banks can facilitate. Bringing poor people under the
garb of digital banking platform will help nancial trans‐
fer meant for social security payment easier.
The future will see the emergence of contactless pay‐
ment enabled through usage of near eld communica‐
tion (NFC) technology. NFC will enable smart phones
and other devices to establish radio communication
with each other by touching devices together or bring‐
ing them in close proximity. Going paperless by saving
time will not only reduce transaction costs but will also
play an important role for nancial inclusion.

38. FOCUSOFTHEMONTH
C
RISIL Inclusix, India’s most comprehensive and
granular index that measures the progress of ‐
nancial inclusion, stood at 50.1 1
at the end of s‐
cal 2013 ‐‐ the latest period for which data from the Re‐
serve Bank of India isavailable --compared with 42.8 at
the end of scal 2012. Two factors were clearly behind
this spurt in the index: continued progress in the bank‐
ing services, and addition of micro nance institutions
(MFIs) into the index computation for the rst time.
The highlights of India’s nancial inclusion march in s‐
cal 2013 are:
1. Banking services continues to gain ground, with
the number of savings accounts and bank branches
registering their fastest growth in 4 years
2. Deposit penetration remainsthekeydriver of nan‐
cial inclusion
3. MFIs have helped underpenetrated regions of east
and north‐east to play catch‐up with north.
4. Among states, West Bengal bene ted the most be‐
causeof thepresenceof largeMFIs,whileJammu &
Kashmir improved substantially as credit accounts
surged. Tamil Nadu moved into the top three for
the rst time driven by an increase in deposits
5. In as many as nine districts, CRISIL Inclusix hit the
maximum score of 100
Overall, however, basic nancial services remains un‐
derpenetrated. One‐third Indians did not have a bank
savingsaccount at the end of scal 2013, while only one
in seven had access to credit.
Going forward, we expect tailwinds to nancial inclu‐
sion from policy stepstaken such asthePradhan Mantri
Jan Dhan Yojana (which has not been factored in the
third edition of Inclusix), and di erentiated banking li‐
cences. Under Jan Dhan Yojana, morethan 18 crorenew
savings accounts have been opened, which will add to
the Inclusix score for 2015.
Continued progressin the banking services
The progressin the banking servicesisre ected in a re‐
cord increase in number of savings accounts and bank
branches. This was partially o set by a decline in small-
borrower accounts, mainly in the metros.
Savingsaccountsgrow the fastest in 4 years
A good 11.7 crore new savings bank accounts were
opened during scal 2013, almost 50 per cent morethan
the 7.9 crore opened in scal 2012. This took the total
accounts in the country to 82.0 crore from 70.3 crore
‐‐ an increase of 17 per cent for the year, which is the
fastest growth in four years. South, north and east ac‐
counted for nearly 80 per cent of the new bank savings
accounts opened.
Bank branchescrossthe 1lakh mark
The number of bank branchesin Indiacrossed the1lakh
mark to close the scal 2013 at 105,437 as 8,195 new
brancheswere opened (30 per cent of which wasin the
south). This, again, isthe fastest growth in four years.
Small-borrower accountsdrop
Growth in credit accounts declined due to a reduction
in small‐borrower accounts to 10.2 crore at the end of
Financial Inclusion Continues to Gather Pace: CRISIL
1
It is important to note that the index values for the two years are not directly comparable, as data for MFIs is available only for the scal 2013.

39. FOCUSOFTHEMONTH
scal 2013 from 10.9 crore at the end of scal 2012. The
decline was primarily observed in ve metro districts
- Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Mumbai Suburban, and Ban‐
galore Urban. Thiscould be attributed to book-cleaning
exercise undertaken by banks, and closure of dormant
credit‐card accounts.
Addition of MFIsmakesCRISILInclusix more
representative
CRISIL Inclusix has been enhanced with the incorpora‐
tion of granular district-wise data for MFIs beginning
scal 2013. The index is now a better representation
of ground level penetration of nancial inclusion in the
country.
MFIs play a crucial role in nancial inclusion having a
strong presence in the unbanked and under‐banked re‐
gions, especially in semi urban and rural India. Adding
their contribution to the index catapulted the all‐India
CRISIL Inclusix score for scal 2013 to 50.1.
Reducing regional disparities even as south stays way
ahead
The inclusion of MFIs augmented the Inclusix scores
of the traditionally excluded regions of east and north‐
east. Stronger presence of MFIs in the east helped
reduce the disparity in Inclusix scores between the
eastern and northern regionsto 3.8 for scal 2013, com‐
pared with 8.7for scal 2012. Similarly, the disparity be‐
tween north-east and north reduced to 4.3 compared
with 8.6 for scal 2012. South, meanwhile, continued to
strengthen itsleadership position. It’spertinent to note
here that the computation of Inclusix till scal 2012-end
only considered the contribution of banks.
Bolstering credit and branch penetration scores
MFIs augmented the credit and branch penetration
scores to 45.7 and 52.4, respectively, for scal 2013,
bringing them closer to the deposit penetration (DP)
score of 60.3. The contribution of MFIs to DP is nil be‐
cause they are not permitted to accept deposits.
Milesto go before full nancial inclusion
Despite the progress made, there is a lot of ground to
be covered if Indiaisto see full nancial inclusion.
Large population remainsoutside banking network
WhiletheInclusix scorehasimproved to 50.1out of 100,
it also re ects that a large part of India’s population
three Indians still does not have a bank savings account.
And with just one in seven having access to credit, the
credit penetration (CP) score continuesto be low.
Gap between south and the rest remainswide
South improved its Inclusix score compared with other
regions, and continues to lead in all the three dimen‐
sionsof nancial inclusion.
While CPhasbeen adrag on the overall Inclusix score, it
is the frontrunner in south. Consequently, the region’s
CPscore isnearly twice the all-India number.
Successstories
During scal 2013, some states and regions emerged as
outperformers in terms of progress in nancial inclu‐
sion:
West Bengal bene tsfrom strong MFI presence
Strong presence of large MFIs, including Bandhan Fi‐
nancial Services (the largest in the country), helped
West Bengal post aCRISILInclusix score of 46.6 and en‐
ter the list of top 20 states on nancial inclusion. MFIs
boosted the BP and CP scores of the state to 51.1and
41.3, respectively, taking all the three-dimensionsto the
‘above average’ category.
Jammu & Kashmir showssigni cant progress
Jammu & Kashmir moved into the ‘above average’
category with an Inclusix score of 45.2. This can be at‐
tributed to a 40.3 per cent increase in total bank credit
accounts. Despite this upsurge, its CP score at 28.9 re‐
mained aconstraining factor. The state’sCRISILInclusix
score was driven by high DP and BP scores of 61.6 and
56.3, respectively.
Tamil Nadu movesto the top 3for the rst time
Tamil Nadu moved to the top 3 with a CRISIL Inclusix
score of 79.2. More than 1crore new savings accounts
were opened in the state during scal 2013, resulting in
an 11.3increase in the DPscore to 80.5. The presence of
large-sized MFIs and self-help group bank linkage pro‐
grammes ensured a very high CPscore of 97. MFIs also
boosted BPscore to 72.1.
North-east catching up with the rest
The CRISIL Inclusix score for north-east stood at 39.7
compared with 44 for the north. That di erence of 4.3
is an improvement compared with a di erence of 8.6

40. FOCUSOFTHEMONTH
in scal 2012. The forward march of north-east can be
attributed to the presence of large MFIs in Tripura and
Assam. Tripura moved into the top 10 for the rst time
with a CRISIL Inclusix score of 63.8. Manipur, however,
continued to be the lowest‐ranked state with a score
of 21.6.
Tailwind from Policy Steps
Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana
In August 2014, the Government of India launched one
of itsmost ambitiousand comprehensive nancial inclu‐
sion plans called the Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana
to facilitate access to nancial services to the excluded
sections of society.
Till date, around 18 crore new savings accounts have
been opened under the scheme. This has the potential
to add signi cantly to the Inclusix score for 2015.
About CRISIL Inclusix
CRISIL Inclusix measures the extent of nancial inclu‐
sion at a geographical level, starting from the district
level. The index can be further aggregated to compute
Di erentiated Banking Licences
RBI recently granted in-principle licenses to 10 and 11
organisations to transform to ‘small nance banks’ and
‘payments banks’ respectively are moves intended to
improve nancial inclusion through di erentiated bank‐
ing channels. They are based on the recommendations
of the committee on Comprehensive Financial Servic‐
es for Small Businesses and Low Income Households
chaired by Dr Nachiket Mor.
Small nance banks will enhance accessibility of bank‐
ing services to the small and micro borrowers in semi‐
urban and rural areas. Payments banks can speed up
payment and remittance services to those still outside
the banking network.
CRISILbelievesthese initiativesby the government and
the regulator should lead to asigni cant increase in the
level of nancial inclusion in the country over the me‐
dium term.
the extent of nancial inclusion at the state, regional
and national levels. CRISIL Inclusix can therefore be
used to measure the progress of nancing inclusion at
a district level and taking necessary corrective actions.

41. FOCUSOFTHEMONTH
Financial Inclusion is a National Priority: Key Takeaway
of Financial Inclusion Summit
On the occasion of the rst anniversary of Pradhan
Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana, the Confederation of Indian
Industry (CII) under guidance of the Department of
Financial Services, Ministry of Finance organized the
Financial Inclusion Summit with the theme ‘Industry –
Government Partnership for Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan
Yojana’ on 27August 2015in New Delhi.
Mr Jayant Sinha, Minister of State for Finance was the
Chief Guest and delivered Valedictory Address at the
Summit.
While setting the context of the summit, Dr Janmejaya
Sinha, Chairman, CII National Committee on Financial
Inclusion and Chairman- Asia Paci c, Boston Consulting
Group re ected how in the last one year nancial
inclusion has been given a national priority status
and is being looked upon as an opportunity rather an
obligation. While lauding thee ortsof the Government
Dr Sinha said “ Financial Inclusion has assumed a far
more important role with the much needed regulatory
push in the formofissuanceofnewlicensesfor payment
banksand push for nancial literacy.”
Mr Hemant Contractor, Chairman, Pension Fund
Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA)
highlighted the importance of expanding the coverage
of pension in the country. He mentioned that the overall
coverage of pension in the country wasjust around 12–
13 per cent and there was a need to integrate pensions
in the Jan Dhan Yojanato strengthen the social security
system of the country. Further, Mr Contractor outlined
the di erences between the earlier Swavalamban
scheme and the Atal Pension Yojana, stating that
necessary improvements in the pension scheme
have been made in the form of providing guaranteed
pensions.
Speaking at the summit, Mr Jayant Sinha, Minister of
State for Finance laid out the vision and goal of the
current Government to achieve nancial inclusion in
India. He said “ I think we have a historic opportunity
to work together using open platforms to genuinely
end poverty & deprivation in India” . He attributed this
vision to thestrong and decisiveleadership of thePrime
Minister Narendra Modi and the rapid development
of technology which has and will continue to help in
achieving this goal.
Speaking on one of the signature programmes of the
Mr. Jayant Sinha, Minister of State for Finance addressing the audience

42. FOCUSOFTHEMONTH
Government, Mr Sinha stated that the Government
wants to take the bene ts of nancial inclusion to the
last mile. In other words, the e ort would be towards
achieving ‘Antyodya’. Three broad themes outlined in
his speech were the vision behind nancial inclusion,
the approach followed by the Government and ground
realitiesof achieving holistic nancial inclusion in India.
Re-iterating Prime Minister’s vision of Minimum
Government and Maximum Governance, he noted
that the the e ort would be to achieveuniversal social
security through JAM (Jan Dhan Yojana, Aadhar and
Mobile) trinity.
Addressing the gathering he also spoke on the various
principles like co‐operative federalism and pro‐market
approach adopted by the Government to make
nancial inclusion possible. He added that simple
products, universal KYC system and citizen centric
view is of high priority for the Government to make
the social security schemes more accessible and make
the system more transparent.
Enlisting the ground realities, he stated that providing
simple products with security, creating nancial
awareness amongst the populace and strengthening of
the distribution network are necessary.
Under the theme, the Summit had three separate work
streams that came up with concrete recommendations
for the Government. Speakers from the industry
presented recommendations on Financial Inclusion to
the Minister. Mr Arun Tiwari, Chairman and Managing
Director, Union Bank of India, Mr Ajay Srinivasan, Co-
Chairman, CII National Committeeon Financial Inclusion
and CEO-Financial Services, Aditya Birla Group and Ms
Shikha Sharma, Chairman, CII National Committee
on Banking and MD & CEO, Axis Bank Limited made
presentations on ‘The Next Phase of Jan Dhan Yojana’,
‘Partnership Models for achieving Universal Financial
Inclusion’ and ‘Role of Technology in Advancing
Financial Inclusion’ respectively.

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