Economic Systems.ppt
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Every society must answer three economic questions: what to produce, how to produce it, and who gets what is produced. There are four main economic systems - traditional, command, market, and mixed - that provide different answers to these questions. A traditional system answers based on long-standing customs, a command system uses central planning, a market system relies on supply and demand, and a mixed system blends multiple approaches. Each system has advantages and disadvantages related to factors like innovation, individual freedom, and provision of public goods. Most modern societies utilize a mixed system with some degree of government intervention in the market.
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6、企事业单位必须要求办理的；
面向美国乔治城大学毕业留学生提供以下服务:
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我们从事工作十余年的有着丰富经验的业务顾问，熟悉海外各国大学的学制及教育体系，并且以挂科生解决毕业材料不全问题为基础，为客户量身定制1对1方案，未能毕业的回国留学生成功搭建回国顺利发展所需的桥梁。我们一直努力以高品质的教育为起点，以诚信、专业、高效、创新作为一切的行动宗旨，始终把“诚信为主、质量为本、客户第一”作为我们全部工作的出发点和归宿点。同时为海内外留学生提供大学毕业证购买、补办成绩单及各类分数修改等服务；归国认证方面，提供《留信网入库》申请、《国外学历学位认证》申请以及真实学籍办理等服务，帮助众多莘莘学子实现了一个又一个梦想。
专业服务，请勿犹豫联系我
如果您真实毕业回国，对于学历认证无从下手，请联系我，我们免费帮您递交
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1、在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业，拿不到官方毕业证+微信95270640
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面向美国乔治城大学毕业留学生提供以下服务:
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专业服务，请勿犹豫联系我
如果您真实毕业回国，对于学历认证无从下手，请联系我，我们免费帮您递交
诚招代理：本公司诚聘当地代理人员，如果你有业余时间，或者你有同学朋友需要，有兴趣就请联系我
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我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
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1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdf
After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
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After this second you should be able to: Explain the main determinants of demand for any mineral product, and their relative importance; recognise and explain how demand for any product is likely to change with economic activity; recognise and explain the roles of technology and relative prices in influencing demand; be able to explain the differences between the rates of growth of demand for different products.
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- 1. The Three Economic Questions And The Four Economic Systems Economic Systems
- 2. Every society must answer three economic questions: •What goods and services should be produced? •How should these goods and services be produced? •Who consumes these goods and services?
- 4. Traditional Economic System: Ritual, Habit, and Custom The basic economic questions are answered: by doing things the way they have always been done.
- 5. Advantages Sets forth certain economic roles for all members of the community Stable, predictable, and continuous life Revolves around family Communities stay relatively close and small
- 6. Disadvantages Discourages new ideas, new technology, and new ways of doing things Stagnation and lack of progress Lower standard of living – lack modern conveniences Have few mechanisms in place to deal with disasters such as floods, drought
- 7. Command or Centrally Planned Economic System Basic economic questions of what, how and for whom to produce are answered: by a central planning authority.
- 8. Advantages Central authority is in command of the economy Capable of dramatic change in a short time Little uncertainty over choice of career, where to work, or losing job Many basic education, public health, and other public services available at little or no cost
- 9. Disadvantages Does not meet wants and needs of consumers Lacks effective incentives to get people to work Requires large bureaucracy, which consumes resources New and different ideas discouraged, no room for individuality
- 10. Problems of a Centrally Planned Economy Centrally planned economies face problems of poor-quality goods, shortages, and diminishing production.
- 11. Market Economic System: (Free Market, Capitalism) Buyers and Sellers: Dollars “Vote” The Basic economic questions are answered: by having buyers and sellers make economic decisions.
- 12. Advantages Overtime, can adjust to change Individual freedom for everyone Little government interference Decentralized – not concentrated in the hands of a few Variety of goods and services High degree of consumer satisfaction
- 13. Disadvantages Rewards only productive resources; does not provide for people too young, too, old, or too sick to work Workers/businesses face uncertainty as a result of competition and change: no guarantee for job Does not produce enough public goods such as defense, universal education, or health care
- 14. Mixed Economic System The basic economic questions are answered: by combining traditional, state-run, and private enterprises.
- 15. Mixed Economic System: No real disadvantages A combination a traditional, market, and command economies. Need government intervention – create laws protecting property rights and enforcing contracts Governments provide for national defense, roads and highway systems, conservation, environmental protection, education Key is to balance control and freedom
- 16. The degree of government involvement in the economy varies among nations, and can affect its society. Continuum of Mixed Economies Centrally planned Free market Iran North Korea Cuba China Russia Greece Peru United States South Africa France United Kingdom Botswana Canada Singapore Hong Kong
- 17. Essential Questions/Ideas How do societies provide the necessary items for their people? Who gets to decide? Which economic system fails to worry about its people’s wants? How does each system assign roles to play in the economy? When should government intervene in the economy? Which economic system do you think is most beneficial for everyone?