Eco Bot Lab 5
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This document summarizes the structure and tissues of plants, including fruits and vegetables. It discusses the three main tissues - dermal, vascular and ground tissues. Vascular tissue includes xylem and phloem. Ground tissue includes parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma cells. It also discusses primary organic compounds like carbohydrates, proteins and lipids that are involved in plant growth and development. Secondary compounds serve other functions like defense and attracting dispersal agents. Specifically, it outlines capsaicin as the compound that gives chili peppers their heat, and how milk can help remedy the pain caused by capsaicin.
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Eco Bot Lab 5
- 1. Lab 5 Cells, Tissues and Organs, What’s in my Salad Bowl
- 2. Structure of fruits and vegetables • Organs of angiosperms: • Root • Stem • Leaf • FlowerFruit
- 3. Tissues • Dermal: protection, reduce transpiration, allow for gas exchange • Epidermis • Periderm • Vascular: Conducting • Xylem • Phloem • Ground: metabolism, storage, support • Parenchyma • Collenchyma • Sclerenchyma
- 4. More on Vascular Tissue • Xylem • Conducts water and minerals from roots to rest of plant • Made of sclerenchyma cells • Phloem • Conducts organic matter (sugars/carbohydrates) to rest of plant
- 5. More on Ground Tissue • Parenchyma cells • In leaves: contain chloroplasts where photosynthesis occurs • In roots: store carbohydrates • Live at maturity • Collenchyma cells • Unevenly thickened primary cell wall for flexible support • Live at maturity • Sclerenchyma • Sclereids and fibers • Secondary cell wall for rigid support and strength • Dead at maturity
- 6. Lab 6 Plant Chemistry and the Heat of the Habanero
- 7. Primary Organic Compounds • Carbohydrates • Glucose • Sucrose • Starch • Pectin • Cellulose • Proteins • Lipids • Fats • Oils • Waxes • Phospholipids • Steroids • Nucleic acid • DNA • RNA • ATP
- 8. Carbohydrates Monosaccharides • Simple sugars • Glucose • Product of photosynthesis • Fructose • Dioxyribose Disaccharides • 2 simple sugars bonded together through a dehydration synthesis reaction • Sucrose • Composed of glucose and fructose • Transported by Phloem Polysaccharides • Many simple sugars bonded together • Starch • Composed of 1000 glucose molecules • Stored by plant
- 9. Secondary Organic Compounds • Don’t directly participate in growth and development • Functions include: • Chemical defense • Attracting animals to serve as dispersal agents • We use these compounds for: • Medicine • Spices • Herbal extracts • Poisons • Psychoactive drugs
- 10. Secondary Organic Compounds • Terpenes and Terpenoids • Citronella • Rubber • Turpentine • Amber • Phenolics • Flavonoids • Tannins • Flavor of many spices (vanilla, cinnamon, ginger) • Alkaloids • Cocaine • Morphine • Quinine • Caffeine
- 11. Chilis and Capsaicin • Perception of heat in peppers due to capsaicinoids • Secondary organic compound = Phenolic • Main capsaicinoid = Capsaicin • Found in members of the Solanaceae family • Mammals have receptors that bind capsaicin which trigger nerve impulses we interpret as pain. • This acts as a deterrent, protecting the seeds • In birds, capsaicin acts as a laxative leading to dispersal of seeds
- 12. How to remedy the pain of peppers? • Capsaicin is not water soluble; therefore water alone will not ease the pain • Capsaicin is soluble in fats, oils and alcohol • Beer or oil will help pain • Best Remedy: Milk/Milk based products • Milk contains protein casein • Causes capsaicin to unbind from nerve receptors