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Eblex landscapes without livestock report
- 2. Landscapes without livestock Landscapes without Livestock • Visualisations of the changes that could realistically occur if commercial beef and sheep farming were to decline significantly • Shown over four time periods: Now, 2014, 2021 and 2041 • In five different landscapes: 1. Upland pastures in the North York Moors 2. Rolling farmland in the Vale of Pickering 3. Lowland farming on Romney Marsh 4. Upland hillsides on Exmoor 5. Moorland commons on Dartmoor
- 4. Landscapes without livestock Upland pastures in the North York Moors • Most fields receive little or no grazing • Bracken has quickly colonised many fields • New woodlands have been planted for timber and wood fuel 2014 IN 3 YEARS
- 5. Landscapes without livestock Upland pastures in the North York Moors • Grazing is limited to a few sheep in the valley bottoms • New woodland and the colonising bracken and scrub have created a wilder, rougher landscape • Tourism and outdoor recreation provide new income for farmers 2021 IN 10 YEARS
- 6. Landscapes without livestock Upland pastures in the North York Moors • Livestock have all but disappeared from the landscape • The old pattern of historic fields and boundaries is obscured by scrub • Plantations for timber and wood fuel are a dominant feature • Tourism and recreation enterprises have a visible impact 2041 IN 30 YEARS
- 8. Landscapes without livestock Rolling farmland in the Vale of Pickering 2011 NOW • Mixed farming with a rotation of arable crops and grassland leys • Permanent pasture on fields unsuitable for arable cultivation • Hedgerow trees flourish beside pasture, providing shade and shelter for livestock
- 9. Landscapes without livestock Rolling farmland in the Vale of Pickering 2014 IN 3 YEARS • Fields of pasture have been converted to permanent arable cropping, based around cereal production • Hedgerows have been removed and field sizes have increased • Remaining grassland receives less grazing and has become weedier
- 10. Landscapes without livestock Rolling farmland in the Vale of Pickering 2021 IN 10 YEARS • More fields have been converted to continuous arable cultivation, and more hedgerows have been removed to allow efficient use of machinery • A large grain store has been erected on the skyline • A camp site now occupies a small field not suitable for cultivation
- 14. Landscapes without livestock Lowland farming on Romney Marsh 2014 • The rich soils have been drained with deep ditches and pump drainage • Arable cropping for wheat and potatoes has started to replace the pasture • Permanent pasture is retained around the church, but is grazed by ponies IN 3 YEARS
- 15. Landscapes without livestock • Intensive arable cropping continues • Ponies no longer graze the grassland around the church. Rough vegetation and scrub has encroached on all the uncropped areas • On the horizon a vegetable pack house and cold store has been erected Lowland farming on Romney Marsh 2021 IN 10 YEARS
- 16. Landscapes without livestock Lowland farming on Romney Marsh • The area of arable cropping has increased, taking in most of the grassland close to the church • Scrub has encroached further around the church • The vegetable pack houses on the horizon have been extended IN 30 YEARS
- 19. Landscapes without livestock 2014 Upland hillsides on Exmoor IN 3 YEARS • With beef farming no longer profitable, the farm has changed hands and the new owner now runs the farm as a part‐time ‘hobby farm’ • Game crops have been established to support a pheasant shoot • New landowners are introducing new land uses, including a wind turbine
- 21. Landscapes without livestock Upland hillsides on Exmoor IN 30 YEARS • The impact of hobby farming land uses has increased • Woodland cover has increased for timber and energy use • Rows of solar panels have been erected in some fields as ‘solar farms’ • Overall, the landscape has become busier and more complex
- 24. Landscapes without livestock 2014 Moorland commons on Dartmoor • Numbers of hardy breeds of sheep and cattle decline • Lack of grazing leads to rank growth of purple moor grass • Gorse and self‐sown conifers encroach on open moorland IN 3 YEARS
- 25. Landscapes without livestock Moorland commons on Dartmoor 2021 • The thick mat of ungrazed grass smothers heathland plants like heather • The stone wall has been restored with grant aid but is obscured by tall grasses • Self‐sown conifers start to become significant features in the landscape IN 10 YEARS
- 26. Landscapes without livestock Moorland commons on Dartmoor • The long dry grass has become a fire hazard, susceptible to uncontrolled wild fires • The self‐sown trees and shrubs have grown taller and more prominent • Having lost its original function, the stone wall has started to collapse IN 30 YEARS
- 29. Landscapes without livestock 2 1 Trajectories of change Landscape diversity Intensity of land use Low diversity High diversity Low intensityHigh intensity 5 4 3 Showing how the predicted changes have affected the intensity of land use and the diversity of the landscape