This document discusses strategic challenges between East and West in the 21st century. It summarizes key concepts from ancient Eastern strategists like Sun Tzu, Musashi, and Clausewitz that emphasize subtlety, agility, preparing opponents psychologically, and focusing on the moral dimension of combat. These concepts challenge traditional Western notions of warfare modeled through attrition and predicting outcomes based on quantitative factors alone. The document argues an integrated approach is needed that incorporates Eastern philosophies of warfare emphasizing unpredictability, psychological warfare, and breaking an opponent's rhythm and spirit.
Adversarial Problem Solving Modeling An Opponent Using Explanatory CoherenceJoe Andelija
This document discusses adversarial problem solving (APS), which involves anticipating and countering an opponent's actions. The document examines APS in military strategy, business, and games. It describes how developing a rich mental model of an opponent is crucial in APS. Military strategists like Sun Tzu emphasized the importance of understanding the opponent in order to anticipate their plans and employ deception. Modeling the opponent involves cognitive mechanisms like deduction, analogy, and forming explanatory hypotheses.
Sun Tzu's Art of War discusses strategic principles for business and warfare. It emphasizes calculating strengths and weaknesses, limiting costs, achieving swift victory, winning without fighting through preparedness, knowing when to attack and when not to, and combining different forces effectively. The document provides examples of companies that effectively applied Sun Tzu's teachings, such as Toyota studying American car buyers and IBM acquiring other companies' shares. Overall, it presents Sun Tzu's Art of War as providing timeless strategic guidance for both military conflicts and business competition.
The document summarizes key principles from Sun Tzu's classic work "The Art of War". It discusses Sun Tzu's emphasis on using deception and intelligence gathering to defeat an enemy without actual fighting. Some of Sun Tzu's principles highlighted include knowing yourself and your enemy, attacking the enemy's strategy rather than their army directly, and creating the impression that you are weak when you are strong. The document argues that following Sun Tzu's teachings could have helped the US avoid costly wars by achieving objectives through non-military means whenever possible.
The document summarizes key principles from Sun Tzu's classic work "The Art of War". It discusses Sun Tzu's emphasis on using deception and intelligence gathering to defeat an enemy without actual fighting. Some of Sun Tzu's principles mentioned include knowing yourself and your enemy, attacking the enemy's strategy rather than their army directly, and creating a perception of inactivity while actually being ready to move quickly. The document argues these principles remain highly applicable to modern warfare and international relations.
This treatise on the recent shortcomings of the Army organizational culture challenges leaders at all levels to evaluate their personal leadership practices and their application of Army policies.
Game theory is a branch of applied mathematics that studies strategic decision-making between individuals. It was developed in 1944 by mathematicians John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern in their book The Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. Game theory has three main branches: decision theory involving one person, general equilibrium theory involving trade and markets, and mechanism design theory involving rules and incentives. It provides a framework for understanding strategic interactions where an individual's outcome depends on the choices of others.
Adversarial Problem Solving Modeling An Opponent Using Explanatory CoherenceJoe Andelija
This document discusses adversarial problem solving (APS), which involves anticipating and countering an opponent's actions. The document examines APS in military strategy, business, and games. It describes how developing a rich mental model of an opponent is crucial in APS. Military strategists like Sun Tzu emphasized the importance of understanding the opponent in order to anticipate their plans and employ deception. Modeling the opponent involves cognitive mechanisms like deduction, analogy, and forming explanatory hypotheses.
Sun Tzu's Art of War discusses strategic principles for business and warfare. It emphasizes calculating strengths and weaknesses, limiting costs, achieving swift victory, winning without fighting through preparedness, knowing when to attack and when not to, and combining different forces effectively. The document provides examples of companies that effectively applied Sun Tzu's teachings, such as Toyota studying American car buyers and IBM acquiring other companies' shares. Overall, it presents Sun Tzu's Art of War as providing timeless strategic guidance for both military conflicts and business competition.
The document summarizes key principles from Sun Tzu's classic work "The Art of War". It discusses Sun Tzu's emphasis on using deception and intelligence gathering to defeat an enemy without actual fighting. Some of Sun Tzu's principles highlighted include knowing yourself and your enemy, attacking the enemy's strategy rather than their army directly, and creating the impression that you are weak when you are strong. The document argues that following Sun Tzu's teachings could have helped the US avoid costly wars by achieving objectives through non-military means whenever possible.
The document summarizes key principles from Sun Tzu's classic work "The Art of War". It discusses Sun Tzu's emphasis on using deception and intelligence gathering to defeat an enemy without actual fighting. Some of Sun Tzu's principles mentioned include knowing yourself and your enemy, attacking the enemy's strategy rather than their army directly, and creating a perception of inactivity while actually being ready to move quickly. The document argues these principles remain highly applicable to modern warfare and international relations.
This treatise on the recent shortcomings of the Army organizational culture challenges leaders at all levels to evaluate their personal leadership practices and their application of Army policies.
Game theory is a branch of applied mathematics that studies strategic decision-making between individuals. It was developed in 1944 by mathematicians John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern in their book The Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. Game theory has three main branches: decision theory involving one person, general equilibrium theory involving trade and markets, and mechanism design theory involving rules and incentives. It provides a framework for understanding strategic interactions where an individual's outcome depends on the choices of others.
This document provides a 3-paragraph summary of the key points from Sun Tzu's classic text "The Art of War". The summary outlines some of the major strategies and tactics discussed in the book, including the importance of preparation, flexibility, deception, assessing strengths and weaknesses, and varying tactics. Specific strategies mentioned include surrounding the enemy, attacking where they are unprepared, dividing opposing forces, and knowing both yourself and your enemy. The document provides high-level insights into the essential teachings from this influential work on military strategy.
BG langford Presentation at Williams Foundation seminar October 24 2019ICSA, LLC
BRIG Ian Langford, the head of Army’s Land Capability programs highlighted at the Williams Foundation Seminar held in Canberra, Australia, October 24, 2019, how he saw the Army adapting to the new environment and contributing to fifth generation manoeuvre.
BRIG Ian Langford argued that the evolving networks of forces enabled by a fifth-generation approach could provide new ways to mix and match forces to allow for more combat flexibility.
AY15 FS 6401 - Strategy, What is it, Why is it DifficultBob Poling
1. The document discusses the challenges of developing and implementing sound strategy. It defines strategy as connecting military means and tactics to the political objectives of a conflict.
2. Several experts are cited who note that strategy is more difficult than tactics or acquiring new weapons. Strategy requires understanding an enemy's capabilities as well as one's own national interests and capabilities.
3. The document aims to provide conceptual tools for strategic thinking rather than set rules. It will analyze historical case studies and cultivate critical thinking skills over prescriptive lessons.
The document discusses planning, decision-making, and lessons that can be learned from special operations units. It begins by providing context on the history of IDF special operations. It then discusses several key concepts:
1. The importance of planning but also being adaptable to changing conditions on the ground, as plans often do not unfold as initially envisioned.
2. The need to make timely decisions and how being too early or too late can lead to failure, as seen in examples like Operation Eagle Claw and Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo.
3. The value that can be learned from exercises and failures, but also the limitations of simulations compared to real operations when risks must be managed.
4. The
Why we have military science and theory of war?
Just because the humanity spent much more time in war then in peace. So the war is quite loyal phenomena escorting the humanity.
What we are waiting from the military science?
Whom future wars will be fought, what they will be about, how they will be fought, what wars will be fought for and why people will participate in it.
Sun Tzu's classic book The Art of War is summarized in 3 sentences:
The Supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without fighting according to Sun Tzu, who provides strategic advice on how to outwit adversaries in business, sports, relationships, and leadership. The book explains how to assess internal and external strengths and weaknesses, the importance of planning and positioning forces, and how to leverage deception and momentum to defeat opponents without direct confrontation. Sun Tzu advocates developing a deep understanding of oneself and one's enemy to achieve victory on the battlefield and in other competitive arenas.
The Art of War" is a timeless classic attributed to Sun Tzu, an ancient Chinese military strategist and philosopher. Written during the Eastern Zhou period, approximately 5th century BC, this influential treatise has transcended its origins as a military manual and evolved into a revered work on strategy, leadership, and the human psyche.
I. Introduction to "The Art of War"
"The Art of War" is a profound treatise on the strategy of warfare and its fundamental principles. At its core, the book emphasizes the importance of strategic thinking, adaptability, and understanding oneself and the enemy to achieve success. Sun Tzu's philosophies, deeply rooted in Chinese philosophy and military tactics of the time, provide insights that are not only applicable in the realm of war but also in various aspects of life.
II. Historical and Cultural Context
Understanding the historical and cultural context in which "The Art of War" was written is crucial to appreciate its significance fully. The Eastern Zhou period was marked by political instability and frequent warfare. Sun Tzu's experiences during this period deeply influenced his perspectives on strategy and conflict, which are reflected in his work.
III. The Key Principles of "The Art of War"
Know Yourself and Your Enemy: Understanding one's strengths and weaknesses, as well as those of the opponent, is essential for victory. This principle underscores the importance of self-awareness and thorough knowledge of the adversary.
The Five Factors for Victory: These factors - Moral Law, Heaven, Earth, Commander, and Method and Discipline - form the foundation for successful strategy. They encompass moral, environmental, and leadership aspects critical to achieving victory.
Adaptability and Flexibility: The ability to adapt to changing circumstances and tailor strategies accordingly is a hallmark of effective leadership and strategy. Sun Tzu advocates flexibility to respond to evolving situations.
Deception and Surprise: Strategic deception and surprising the enemy are valuable tools in gaining an advantage. Misleading opponents and keeping them off balance can significantly influence the outcome of a conflict.
Timing and Opportunities: Choosing the opportune moment for action is crucial. The book stresses the significance of timing and how seizing the right opportunities can lead to victory.
IV. Applications of Sun Tzu's Principles
"The Art of War" extends beyond the battlefield and finds applications in various domains. It has significantly impacted military strategies, business tactics, sports, politics, and even personal development. Understanding and leveraging these principles can enhance decision-making, leadership, and overall success in diverse fields.
V. The Enduring Legacy and Influence
"The Art of War" has maintained its relevance over centuries and across cultures.
Sun Tzu on Leadership, Strategy and TacticsTitu Doley
Sun Tzu discusses various principles of warfare and leadership. He explains that the leader determines whether the nation will be at peace or peril. The victorious general considers many factors in planning while the defeated general considers few. A skillful leader subdues the enemy without fighting by dividing and weakening their forces. The highest form of generalship is preventing enemy plans while the lowest is attacking fortified cities. A leader's forces can be overcome if they exhibit recklessness, cowardice, anger, pride, or over-concern for troops. Soldiers must be treated humanely but kept strictly disciplined. Indirect and flexible tactics can achieve victory more easily than direct confrontation.
This document summarizes key passages from Sun Tzu's classic work "The Art of War". It discusses five factors that should be considered in warfare: moral law, heaven, earth, commander, and discipline. It also covers strategies for assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the enemy, the importance of planning and preparation, different approaches to engage in battle depending on the size of one's force compared to the enemy's, and the need to avoid lengthy sieges and instead defeat the enemy through deception and strategy rather than direct confrontation. Overall, it emphasizes that the objective in war should be victory achieved with minimal cost to one's own forces.
This document is an excerpt from the classic Chinese military strategy text "The Art of War" by Sun Tzu. It discusses foundational concepts in waging war including the five constant factors to consider (moral law, heaven, earth, commander, discipline), the importance of deception and not fighting battles, attacking where the enemy is unprepared, ensuring the army's morale and trust in leadership, and securing victory by avoiding defeat rather than seeking to defeat the enemy directly. The overall message is that the best general wins through strategy and positioning rather than brute force or lengthy battles.
This document is an excerpt from the classic Chinese military strategy text "The Art of War" by Sun Tzu. It discusses foundational concepts in waging war including the five constant factors to consider (moral law, heaven, earth, commander, discipline), the importance of deception and maintaining an advantage over the enemy, different tactical approaches depending on relative force sizes, and the need to secure victory before battle is engaged. The overall message is that the most skilled generals achieve success through careful planning and positioning rather than direct confrontation or prolonged warfare.
The document provides an overview and summary of Sun Tzu's classic work "The Art of War". It discusses how the text is divided into 13 chapters that cover initial estimations of war, waging war, planning offensives, military disposition, and other strategic concepts. The document also notes that while the book was written in ancient China, its teachings have been studied and applied by various militaries throughout history and remain important in understanding strategy and military planning.
This document summarizes a strategy research project paper on operational art and operational shock. The paper argues that operational art is a connecting function between strategy and tactics, rather than a discrete level of war. At the core of operational art is the concept of operational shock - using tactical actions to undermine an enemy's will through disruption of their operational system, rather than needing to destroy all their forces. The paper discusses sources of operational art theory and limitations when forces grew too large in World War I. It proposes operational design can enhance operational shock by depriving the enemy of their ability to achieve objectives.
The Art of War by Sun Tzu Essay
How Did Sun Tzu Divided The Concubines?
Which Army Leader Win A Better Battle Plan Essay
The Art of War
The Art of War Analysis
The Art of War
Art of War Summary
Attribution, competition and military tactics in digital marketing mc syd sep...Scott Sunderland
1. Lessons from military strategists like Sun Tzu and von Clausewitz can be applied to digital marketing. This includes gaining trust from your team, knowing yourself and your competitors, using multiple marketing channels together (like combined arms in battle), and accepting uncertainty in decision making.
2. Smaller companies can prevail over larger competitors through leadership, geography, technology, strategy/tactics, and discipline rather than focusing solely on attribution modeling.
3. Building a great digital marketing team is more important than creating a perfect attribution model, as humans and war have change little over thousands of years despite technological advances.
Deterrence aims to persuade opponents not to initiate action through psychological threats rather than physical involvement. It involves restricting actions, promising punishment, and threatening retaliation to deter attacks. Key thinkers on deterrence include Bernard Brodie, Henry Kissinger, and Thomas Schelling. For deterrence to succeed, it requires communication of capabilities and credibility of retaliation. Types of deterrence include active/extended deterrence involving direct threats and passive deterrence relying on enemy perceptions. Massive retaliation and flexible response were Cold War deterrence doctrines that struggled with credibility.
Technology and changing nature of warfareandeedalal
This document discusses the changing nature of warfare throughout history, focusing on the increasing role of technology:
- It begins in 1915 with the first use of poison gas and continues through major events like the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
- The Cold War saw a focus on improving aircraft and missiles, as well as chemical weapons. The policy of deterrence developed, relying on threats of retaliation.
- More recently, precision guided weapons have allowed reduced casualties while still achieving military objectives, as seen in conflicts like the Gulf War.
- However, technology has also enabled new threats like cyberattacks, raising questions about the ongoing relevance of deterrence in contemporary times.
A cursory comparison & contrast between the classics of Sun tzu & Niccolo Machiavelli of the same title -- The Art of War. Is there a philosophy behind the act of war?
The document provides an overview of the ancient Chinese military strategy book The Art of War by Sun Tzu. It was written between 450-300 BC and provides precise instructions for military leaders on conducting war successfully. The book contains 13 chapters that cover topics like estimating strengths and weaknesses, tactics, terrain, strategy, and using spies. It has significantly influenced military and political leaders throughout history. The document also poses questions about how Sun Tzu's teachings apply to leadership in organizations and whether his strategies have a moral foundation.
This document provides a 3-paragraph summary of the key points from Sun Tzu's classic text "The Art of War". The summary outlines some of the major strategies and tactics discussed in the book, including the importance of preparation, flexibility, deception, assessing strengths and weaknesses, and varying tactics. Specific strategies mentioned include surrounding the enemy, attacking where they are unprepared, dividing opposing forces, and knowing both yourself and your enemy. The document provides high-level insights into the essential teachings from this influential work on military strategy.
BG langford Presentation at Williams Foundation seminar October 24 2019ICSA, LLC
BRIG Ian Langford, the head of Army’s Land Capability programs highlighted at the Williams Foundation Seminar held in Canberra, Australia, October 24, 2019, how he saw the Army adapting to the new environment and contributing to fifth generation manoeuvre.
BRIG Ian Langford argued that the evolving networks of forces enabled by a fifth-generation approach could provide new ways to mix and match forces to allow for more combat flexibility.
AY15 FS 6401 - Strategy, What is it, Why is it DifficultBob Poling
1. The document discusses the challenges of developing and implementing sound strategy. It defines strategy as connecting military means and tactics to the political objectives of a conflict.
2. Several experts are cited who note that strategy is more difficult than tactics or acquiring new weapons. Strategy requires understanding an enemy's capabilities as well as one's own national interests and capabilities.
3. The document aims to provide conceptual tools for strategic thinking rather than set rules. It will analyze historical case studies and cultivate critical thinking skills over prescriptive lessons.
The document discusses planning, decision-making, and lessons that can be learned from special operations units. It begins by providing context on the history of IDF special operations. It then discusses several key concepts:
1. The importance of planning but also being adaptable to changing conditions on the ground, as plans often do not unfold as initially envisioned.
2. The need to make timely decisions and how being too early or too late can lead to failure, as seen in examples like Operation Eagle Claw and Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo.
3. The value that can be learned from exercises and failures, but also the limitations of simulations compared to real operations when risks must be managed.
4. The
Why we have military science and theory of war?
Just because the humanity spent much more time in war then in peace. So the war is quite loyal phenomena escorting the humanity.
What we are waiting from the military science?
Whom future wars will be fought, what they will be about, how they will be fought, what wars will be fought for and why people will participate in it.
Sun Tzu's classic book The Art of War is summarized in 3 sentences:
The Supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without fighting according to Sun Tzu, who provides strategic advice on how to outwit adversaries in business, sports, relationships, and leadership. The book explains how to assess internal and external strengths and weaknesses, the importance of planning and positioning forces, and how to leverage deception and momentum to defeat opponents without direct confrontation. Sun Tzu advocates developing a deep understanding of oneself and one's enemy to achieve victory on the battlefield and in other competitive arenas.
The Art of War" is a timeless classic attributed to Sun Tzu, an ancient Chinese military strategist and philosopher. Written during the Eastern Zhou period, approximately 5th century BC, this influential treatise has transcended its origins as a military manual and evolved into a revered work on strategy, leadership, and the human psyche.
I. Introduction to "The Art of War"
"The Art of War" is a profound treatise on the strategy of warfare and its fundamental principles. At its core, the book emphasizes the importance of strategic thinking, adaptability, and understanding oneself and the enemy to achieve success. Sun Tzu's philosophies, deeply rooted in Chinese philosophy and military tactics of the time, provide insights that are not only applicable in the realm of war but also in various aspects of life.
II. Historical and Cultural Context
Understanding the historical and cultural context in which "The Art of War" was written is crucial to appreciate its significance fully. The Eastern Zhou period was marked by political instability and frequent warfare. Sun Tzu's experiences during this period deeply influenced his perspectives on strategy and conflict, which are reflected in his work.
III. The Key Principles of "The Art of War"
Know Yourself and Your Enemy: Understanding one's strengths and weaknesses, as well as those of the opponent, is essential for victory. This principle underscores the importance of self-awareness and thorough knowledge of the adversary.
The Five Factors for Victory: These factors - Moral Law, Heaven, Earth, Commander, and Method and Discipline - form the foundation for successful strategy. They encompass moral, environmental, and leadership aspects critical to achieving victory.
Adaptability and Flexibility: The ability to adapt to changing circumstances and tailor strategies accordingly is a hallmark of effective leadership and strategy. Sun Tzu advocates flexibility to respond to evolving situations.
Deception and Surprise: Strategic deception and surprising the enemy are valuable tools in gaining an advantage. Misleading opponents and keeping them off balance can significantly influence the outcome of a conflict.
Timing and Opportunities: Choosing the opportune moment for action is crucial. The book stresses the significance of timing and how seizing the right opportunities can lead to victory.
IV. Applications of Sun Tzu's Principles
"The Art of War" extends beyond the battlefield and finds applications in various domains. It has significantly impacted military strategies, business tactics, sports, politics, and even personal development. Understanding and leveraging these principles can enhance decision-making, leadership, and overall success in diverse fields.
V. The Enduring Legacy and Influence
"The Art of War" has maintained its relevance over centuries and across cultures.
Sun Tzu on Leadership, Strategy and TacticsTitu Doley
Sun Tzu discusses various principles of warfare and leadership. He explains that the leader determines whether the nation will be at peace or peril. The victorious general considers many factors in planning while the defeated general considers few. A skillful leader subdues the enemy without fighting by dividing and weakening their forces. The highest form of generalship is preventing enemy plans while the lowest is attacking fortified cities. A leader's forces can be overcome if they exhibit recklessness, cowardice, anger, pride, or over-concern for troops. Soldiers must be treated humanely but kept strictly disciplined. Indirect and flexible tactics can achieve victory more easily than direct confrontation.
This document summarizes key passages from Sun Tzu's classic work "The Art of War". It discusses five factors that should be considered in warfare: moral law, heaven, earth, commander, and discipline. It also covers strategies for assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the enemy, the importance of planning and preparation, different approaches to engage in battle depending on the size of one's force compared to the enemy's, and the need to avoid lengthy sieges and instead defeat the enemy through deception and strategy rather than direct confrontation. Overall, it emphasizes that the objective in war should be victory achieved with minimal cost to one's own forces.
This document is an excerpt from the classic Chinese military strategy text "The Art of War" by Sun Tzu. It discusses foundational concepts in waging war including the five constant factors to consider (moral law, heaven, earth, commander, discipline), the importance of deception and not fighting battles, attacking where the enemy is unprepared, ensuring the army's morale and trust in leadership, and securing victory by avoiding defeat rather than seeking to defeat the enemy directly. The overall message is that the best general wins through strategy and positioning rather than brute force or lengthy battles.
This document is an excerpt from the classic Chinese military strategy text "The Art of War" by Sun Tzu. It discusses foundational concepts in waging war including the five constant factors to consider (moral law, heaven, earth, commander, discipline), the importance of deception and maintaining an advantage over the enemy, different tactical approaches depending on relative force sizes, and the need to secure victory before battle is engaged. The overall message is that the most skilled generals achieve success through careful planning and positioning rather than direct confrontation or prolonged warfare.
The document provides an overview and summary of Sun Tzu's classic work "The Art of War". It discusses how the text is divided into 13 chapters that cover initial estimations of war, waging war, planning offensives, military disposition, and other strategic concepts. The document also notes that while the book was written in ancient China, its teachings have been studied and applied by various militaries throughout history and remain important in understanding strategy and military planning.
This document summarizes a strategy research project paper on operational art and operational shock. The paper argues that operational art is a connecting function between strategy and tactics, rather than a discrete level of war. At the core of operational art is the concept of operational shock - using tactical actions to undermine an enemy's will through disruption of their operational system, rather than needing to destroy all their forces. The paper discusses sources of operational art theory and limitations when forces grew too large in World War I. It proposes operational design can enhance operational shock by depriving the enemy of their ability to achieve objectives.
The Art of War by Sun Tzu Essay
How Did Sun Tzu Divided The Concubines?
Which Army Leader Win A Better Battle Plan Essay
The Art of War
The Art of War Analysis
The Art of War
Art of War Summary
Attribution, competition and military tactics in digital marketing mc syd sep...Scott Sunderland
1. Lessons from military strategists like Sun Tzu and von Clausewitz can be applied to digital marketing. This includes gaining trust from your team, knowing yourself and your competitors, using multiple marketing channels together (like combined arms in battle), and accepting uncertainty in decision making.
2. Smaller companies can prevail over larger competitors through leadership, geography, technology, strategy/tactics, and discipline rather than focusing solely on attribution modeling.
3. Building a great digital marketing team is more important than creating a perfect attribution model, as humans and war have change little over thousands of years despite technological advances.
Deterrence aims to persuade opponents not to initiate action through psychological threats rather than physical involvement. It involves restricting actions, promising punishment, and threatening retaliation to deter attacks. Key thinkers on deterrence include Bernard Brodie, Henry Kissinger, and Thomas Schelling. For deterrence to succeed, it requires communication of capabilities and credibility of retaliation. Types of deterrence include active/extended deterrence involving direct threats and passive deterrence relying on enemy perceptions. Massive retaliation and flexible response were Cold War deterrence doctrines that struggled with credibility.
Technology and changing nature of warfareandeedalal
This document discusses the changing nature of warfare throughout history, focusing on the increasing role of technology:
- It begins in 1915 with the first use of poison gas and continues through major events like the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
- The Cold War saw a focus on improving aircraft and missiles, as well as chemical weapons. The policy of deterrence developed, relying on threats of retaliation.
- More recently, precision guided weapons have allowed reduced casualties while still achieving military objectives, as seen in conflicts like the Gulf War.
- However, technology has also enabled new threats like cyberattacks, raising questions about the ongoing relevance of deterrence in contemporary times.
A cursory comparison & contrast between the classics of Sun tzu & Niccolo Machiavelli of the same title -- The Art of War. Is there a philosophy behind the act of war?
The document provides an overview of the ancient Chinese military strategy book The Art of War by Sun Tzu. It was written between 450-300 BC and provides precise instructions for military leaders on conducting war successfully. The book contains 13 chapters that cover topics like estimating strengths and weaknesses, tactics, terrain, strategy, and using spies. It has significantly influenced military and political leaders throughout history. The document also poses questions about how Sun Tzu's teachings apply to leadership in organizations and whether his strategies have a moral foundation.
Indira awas yojana housing scheme renamed as PMAYnarinav14
Indira Awas Yojana (IAY) played a significant role in addressing rural housing needs in India. It emerged as a comprehensive program for affordable housing solutions in rural areas, predating the government’s broader focus on mass housing initiatives.
Contributi dei parlamentari del PD - Contributi L. 3/2019Partito democratico
DI SEGUITO SONO PUBBLICATI, AI SENSI DELL'ART. 11 DELLA LEGGE N. 3/2019, GLI IMPORTI RICEVUTI DALL'ENTRATA IN VIGORE DELLA SUDDETTA NORMA (31/01/2019) E FINO AL MESE SOLARE ANTECEDENTE QUELLO DELLA PUBBLICAZIONE SUL PRESENTE SITO
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
A Guide to AI for Smarter Nonprofits - Dr. Cori Faklaris, UNC CharlotteCori Faklaris
Working with data is a challenge for many organizations. Nonprofits in particular may need to collect and analyze sensitive, incomplete, and/or biased historical data about people. In this talk, Dr. Cori Faklaris of UNC Charlotte provides an overview of current AI capabilities and weaknesses to consider when integrating current AI technologies into the data workflow. The talk is organized around three takeaways: (1) For better or sometimes worse, AI provides you with “infinite interns.” (2) Give people permission & guardrails to learn what works with these “interns” and what doesn’t. (3) Create a roadmap for adding in more AI to assist nonprofit work, along with strategies for bias mitigation.
RFP for Reno's Community Assistance CenterThis Is Reno
Property appraisals completed in May for downtown Reno’s Community Assistance and Triage Centers (CAC) reveal that repairing the buildings to bring them back into service would cost an estimated $10.1 million—nearly four times the amount previously reported by city staff.
UN WOD 2024 will take us on a journey of discovery through the ocean's vastness, tapping into the wisdom and expertise of global policy-makers, scientists, managers, thought leaders, and artists to awaken new depths of understanding, compassion, collaboration and commitment for the ocean and all it sustains. The program will expand our perspectives and appreciation for our blue planet, build new foundations for our relationship to the ocean, and ignite a wave of action toward necessary change.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
1. East vs. West
The Strategic Challenge of the 21st
Century
East vs. West–
The Strategic Challenge of the 21st
Century
Col Chet Richards,
USAFR
October 1995
Revision 1.2
2. 2
The tao that can be told
is not the eternal Tao.
The name that can be named
is not the eternal Name.
3. 3
The Standard Model
The superiority in numbers is the most important
factor in the result of combat … the direct result
of this is that the greatest possible number of
troops should be brought into action at the
decisive point — Clausewitz, Book III, Ch, VIII
4. 4
Evidence for the standard model
The entire system—and each ring—has within it
key centers of gravity — Col John Warden's
concept of parallel war
Basic research aimed at understanding the
fundamentals of combat is needed, but quantitative
numerical techniques have not been systematically
applied to achieve these discoveries — GAO
5. 5
Essence of the standard model:
structure vs. structure
Each of the sides in a conflict forms a system.
Range of enemy alternatives can be bounded
Enemy actions are predictable
Effects of our actions on the enemy are
predictable
Corollary #1: Conflict can be modeled.
Corollary #2: What decides in the model decides
on the ground.
6. 6
Apply the standard model to
the following:
• The two sides are roughly equal: 140 divisions, 1,500 aircraft,
4,000 tanks
• Side A has more heavy artillery
• Both sides are fully mobilized
• Both sides know that political & terrain considerations will force
the battle into a pre-defined 200-mile gap
• Side A will play defense, Clausewitz's ' superior form of combat
(i.e., ties go to Side A)
Conventional Scenario (non-nuclear):
Assignment: Assess the results after 30 days.
8. 8
It was no fluke
Arabs vs. Persia, Byzantine
Empire
633 - 732
Mongols vs. China, Russia, etc. 1211 - 1260
American Colonies vs. Great
Britain
1775 - 1781
Germany vs. France, England,
Belgium, Holland
1940
Israel vs. Arab States 1947 - 1973
Algeria vs. France 1954 - 1961
Vietnam vs. United States 1958 - 1975
Afghanistan vs. USSR 1980 - 1988
Chad vs. Libya 1987
(etc.)
9. 9
First orientation
We have been led astray by computerized
wargames … because the primary determinant
of victory in these exercises is a
preponderance of firepower— Gen. James H.
Polk, USA, “The Criticality of Time in
Combat”
13. 13
Strategy: working definition
Strategy is concerned with getting
another group of people to do what we
want them to do. In a conflict this may
require that we:
while they are, simultaneously, trying to
enforce this same program on us.
Deny them the opportunity to
achieve their goals, or
Deny them the ability to
survive on their own terms, or
Deny them the right to survive
at all,
15. 15
Conditions for the standard
model
• Both sides have to agree
• One side has to be mathematically
illiterate
Question: Why does the losing side
keep playing the game?
16. 16
The standard model after
Saddam
What leader anywhere in the world would be foolish
enough to test us in the air … ?
Our failure has been when there's no platform to
engage — Lt Gen Paul Van Riper, USMC
17. 17
Ways not to play the standard
game
• Disguise, diversify, and demassify the system
• Acquire weapons of mass destruction on mobile
systems
• Where immobile, be invisible (practice ninjitsu)
• When attacked, mutate (& choose an asymmetrical and
unpredictable response)
• Attack information (esp. in the prewar phase)
Col Richard Szfranski, USAF,
Chair of National Military Strategy,
Air War College
18. 18
Fundamental limits to systems
• Second Law of
Thermodynamics
• Heisenberg Uncertainty
Principle
• Gödel's Theorem
19. 19
Foundation of a different model
Subtlety
Agility
Preparation of the
opponent
Focus on the moral
dimension
*Thomas Cleary, Introduction to
The Art of War
The paradox of ambiguity
was an exact science in
the Taoist literature of
higher psychology*
20. 20
The Mysterious East
Skilled warriors of old were subtle,
Mysteriously powerful,
So deep they were
unknowable —
Tao Te Ching
21. 21
Subtlety
Be extremely subtle, even to the point of
formlessness — Sun Tzu
“The Book of No-Thing-ness”
(Chapter 5 of Musashi's Book of
Five Rings)
Thus the inscrutable win, the
obvious lose — Du Mu
22. 22
Formlessness is not merely
concealment, deception, etc.
Therefore the consummation of forming an army is to
arrive at formlessness. When you have no form,
undercover espionage
cannot find out anything,
intelligence cannot form
a strategy — Sun Tzu
23. 23
Can you be formless and
effective?
Anything that
takes shape can
be countered —The Masters of
Huainan
Military formation is like
water…the form of a
military force is to
avoid the full
and attack the
empty
—Sun Tzu
24. 24
Agility
The ability to gain victory by changing
and adapting to
circumstances is
called genius —
Sun Tzu
By constantly creating difficulties for
the enemy, you will force
him to deal with more than one
thing, giving you the advantage in
killing him quickly — Musashi
25. 25
Mental agility
Strategy is a system of ad hoc expedients —
von Moltke (the Elder)
If your mind stops on the sword your opponent
is swinging at you, a gap opens up, and in that
gap, your action falters — Zen Master Takuan
Rommel believed that in the consequent
unpredictable fighting, his own swiftness of
action and the training of his troops would
bring victory — Douglas Fraser, Knight's
Cross
26. 26
Quickness
The condition of a military
force is that its essential
factor is quickness, taking
advantage of others'
failure to catch up,
going by routes
they do not
expect, attacking
where they are not on guard.
Sun Tzu
27. 27
Time
With a time advantage, numbers don't count
— Gen James H. Polk
One action has grown out of another with
such rapidity that there has never been a time
when men could quietly plot against him —
Machiavelli on Ferdinand of Aragon
Strategy is based on quickness, not speed. …
In combat, you are not in a contest of
strength and you are not in a race — Musashi
28. 28
Ancient strategists, and a few
modern ones, saw that somehow, a
concept like agility/quickness
could produce formlessness
First synthesis
29. 29
Preparing the opponent
Victorious warriors win first and then go to war,
while defeated warriors go to war first, then
seek to win — Zhang Yu
It is essential that you control the enemy and
make slaying him a simple thing to do … There
is nothing wrong with escaping from combat if
you honestly cannot win the fight — Musashi
30. 30
One way to prepare your
opponents
The unorthodox (ch'i) and
the orthodox (cheng) give
rise to each other like a
beginningless circle
—who could
exhaust
them?
Sun Tzu
Nothing is not
orthodox, nothing
is not unorthodox.
Victory without both
amounts to a lucky win
in a brawl.
Ho Yanxi
31. 31
Considered Japan's greatest
swordsman
Victor of 60 sword fights
Wrote The Book of Five
Rings (1645)
Also, master of calligraphy,
art, etc.
Meet Miyamoto Musashi
32. 32
Second synthesis: The Musashi
Inequality
Note that (0.9885)60 < .50
[What this says is that the strategists of the Tao /
Zen school did not consider strategy a matter of
probabilities. You don’t win 60 times in a row by
leaving anything to chance.]
33. 33
Moral dimension of combat
Recognized by Clausewitz as permeating “the whole
being of war” and usually of greater influence than the
purely physical. (Book III, Ch. III)
Clausewitz defined three “chief moral virtues:”
The talents of the commander
The military virtue of the army
Its national feeling
34. 34
Other ideas on moral forces
Ibn Khaldun (the first modern historian, d. 1395)
concluded that the side with the stronger group
feeling usually wins.
The Tao of military operations lies in harmonizing
people. When people are in harmony, they will fight
on their own initiative, without exhortation — Zhuge
Liang
Generally one may consider the spirit of the opponent
as the point of concentration — Musashi
35. 35
Effect of moral warfare (an
example)
Lacking victories over their
competitors, and unable to defend
themselves from their bosses, they
lash out at each other, making unity of
purpose even harder
to achieve — quality
guru Joseph Juran
36. 36
Waging moral warfare
Idea: Á la Musashi, defeat the opponents' spirit
first, before proceeding to a decision in cold steel.
Practicing martial arts, assess your opponents; cause
them to lose spirit and direction so that even if the
opposing army is intact it is useless —this is winning
by the Tao. Zhang Yu
The best policy is to use strategy, influence, and the
trend of events to cause the adversary to submit
willingly—Ho Yanxi
37. 37
A toolkit for moral warfare (tactical/ strategic
levels):
– Ferocity
– Surprise
– Deception
– Ambiguity
– Agitprop, lies, etc.
– Sow jealousy, dissent, etc.
And then there's rhythm and time.
But if you still have to fight
38. 38
Rhythm?
There are times during a conflict when the rhythm of
the opponent goes haywire and he begins to collapse.
The opponent collapses when his time comes and his
rhythm is broken.
You use an advantageous rhythm to arrest the
powerful determination of the adversary's motivation.
—Musashi
39. 39
Moral effect of time: The
Blitzkrieg
It was the time factor that surprised and defeated
the French …On 19 May, Guderian's 1.Pz.Div
crossed the Somme near Peronne. Many French
senior officers had arrived in Peronne to find out
what was happening. They were captured —
Len Deighton, Blitzkrieg
40. 40
A modern view of rhythm
Observe, Orient, Decide, and Act more
inconspicuously, more quickly, and with more
irregularity …
Permits one to:
Generate uncertainty, confusion, disorder,
panic, chaos … to shatter cohesion, produce
paralysis, and bring about collapse.
Col John R. Boyd, USAF, Patterns of
Conflict, 132
41. 41
3rd synthesis: Moral effects of
timing and rhythm
Ancient strategists , and a few modern ones, also
saw that by using timing and rhythm,
one could attack the all-important
moral forces that distinguish
an army from a mob.
42. 42
Using the “Oriental Model”—
One scheme to get you started
Agility
Formlessness
Menace
uncertainty,
confusion, disorder,
panic, chaos …
O O
D
A
[Once these are achieved, you can
attack with certainty of success.]
43. 43
Final Thoughts
There is a whole world of strategy out there,
dedicated to ideas like:
You can achieve your goals
You can control your
opponents
You don't have to do
things that are
really dumb