Online Garden Guide: A Short Guide to the Plants in the Native Plants Garden - Bucknell University

Welcome to the Environmental Center’s

Online Garden Guide
A Short Guide to the Plants in the Native Plants Garden
By Ally Robertson

Trees
Alleghany Serviceberry
Sweetgum
Eastern Redbud
Downy Serviceberry
Sweetbay Magnolia
Tulip Tree
River Birch
Common Persimmon
Pin Oak
Red Oak

Shrubs
Sweet Pepper Bush
Red Choke Berry
Gray Dogwood
Common Winterberry
New Jersey Tea
Dwarf Fothergilla
Swamp Azalea
Swamp Rose
Spicebush

Perennials
Beebalm
Purple Coneflower
Gray Goldenrod
New England Aster
Black Eyed Susan
White Snakeroot
Little Bluestem Grass
Swamp Milkweed
Joe Pye Weed
Christmas Fern
Northern Lady Fern
Dwarf Crested Iris
Wild Columbine
Butterfly Weed
Wood Geranium
Solomon’s Seal

Trees
Alleghany Serviceberry
• Common Name: Alleghany Serviceberry
• Scientific Name: Amelanchier laevis
• Quantity: 3
• Mature Height: 12-40’
• Mature Spread: 4-6’
• Light Requirement: Full sun to partial shade
• Soil Requirement: 5.6-7.8 pH
• Bloom Time: Late winter to mid-spring
• Native Origin: Eastern (USA: AL, CT, DE, GA, IL, IN, IA, KY, ME, MD, MA,
MI, MN, NH, NJ, NY, NC, OH, PA, RI, SC, TN, VT, VA, WV, WI, DC; Canada:
NB, NS, PE, QC)
• Native American Uses: Native Americans used the fruits as a source of food
• Notes: Attractive to bees, butterflies, and birds; water regularly but do not
overwater; bark is dull gray, stems are reddish brown; blueish-black fruits
• References: 8, 10

Sweetgum
• Common Name: Sweetgum, Redgum, Star-leaved Gum, Alligator Wood,
Gumtree
• Scientific Name: Liquidambar styraciflua
• Quantity: 1

• Mature Spread: 40’
• Soil Requirement: 6.1-7 pH
• Bloom Time: Mid-spring
• Native Origin: Southern and Mid-Atlantic (USA: AL, AR, CT, DE, FL, GA, IL,
IN, KY, LA, MD, MA, MS, MO, NJ, NY, NC, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX,
VA, WV, DC)
• Native American Uses: Used as chewing gum, made tea from fruits and bark,
made salve to apply to wounds, sap used to reduce fever, diarrhea, and dysentery.
Mainly used by the Charokee, Choctaw, Koasati, and Rappahannock Native
American tribes.
• Notes: Found in swamps or near streams; star-shaped leaves; spiny fruit;
pioneers used resin from bark as chewing gum

Eastern Redbud
• Common Name: Eastern Redbud
• Scientific Name: Cercis canadensis
• Quantity: 3
• Light Requirement: full sun to partial shade
• Soil Requirement: 4.5-7.5 pH; moist, well-drainded, deep soils
• Bloom Time: Spring
• Native Origin: Southern and Eastern (USA: AL, AR, CT, DE, FL, GA, IL, IN,
IA, KS, KY, LA, MD, MA, MI, MS, MO, NE, NJ, NM, NY, NC, OH, OK, PA,
SC, TN, TX, VA, WV, DC)

• Native American Uses: Bark used in tea to treat whooping cough, roots and inner
bark treat fevers and congestion, used as firewood.
• Notes: Reddish purple buds; regular watering and fertilization; small tree with
branches dividing close to ground
• References: 10

Downy Serviceberry
• Common Name: Downy Servicebrry, Shadbush
• Scientific Name: Amelanchier aborea
• Quantity: 1
• Soil Requirement: <7.5 pH; well-drained soils
• Bloom Time: mid-spring
• Native Origin: Eastern (USA: AL, AR, CT, DE, FL, GA, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY,
LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, NE, NH, NJ, NY, NC, OH, OK, PA, RI,
SC, TN, TX, VT, VA, WV, WI, DC; Canada: NB, NS, QC)
• Native American Uses: Used fruits as food (both fresh and dried), used the bark
to treat diarrhea, and used wood for tool handles.
• Notes: White flowers; multi-stemmed small tree with rounded crown
• References: 7, 8, 10

Sweetbay Magnolia
• Common Name: Sweetbay Magnolia, Swamp Magnolia
• Scientific Name: Magnolia virginiana
• Quantity: 1
• Soil Requirement: 5.6-6.5 pH; likes acid soil; slower growth in high alkaline pH
• Bloom Time: late spring to early fall
• Native Origin: Southern and Mid-Atlantic (USA: AL, AR, DE, FL, GA, LA, MD,
MA, MS, NJ, NY, NC, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA, DC)
• Native American Uses: Used bark to treat fevers and rheumatism, and used the
fruit to treat coughs.
• Notes: Does well in swampy areas; likes warm climates; creamy white lemon
scented flowers

Tulip Poplar
• Common Name: Tulip Tree, Tulip Magnolia, Tulip Poplar
• Scientific Name: Liriodendron tulipifera
• Quantity: 1
• Light Requirement: Full sun
• Native Origin: Southern and Northeastern (USA: AL, AR, CT, DE, FL, GA, IL,
IN, IA, KY, LA, MD, MA, MI, MS, MO, NJ, NY, NC, OH, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX,
VT, VA, WV, DC)
• Native American Uses: Used the trunks to make canoes, also used (by Cherokees)
as tonic and cough medicine, and the leaves were used for neuralgia treatment.
• Notes: Plant into deep, moist, well-drained loam; root system is fleshy but poorly
branched; sensitive to drought and sunscald
• References: 10

River Birch
• Common Name: River Birch
• Scientific Name: Betula nigra
• Quantity: 1
• Soil Requirement: 4-6 pH; moist soil, although survives in drier soils as well
• Native Origin: Southern and Northeastern (USA: AL, AR, CT, DE, FL, GA, IL,
IN, IA, KS, KY, LA, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, NH, NJ, NY, NC, OH, OK,
PA, SC, TN, TX, VT, VA, WV, WI, DC)
• Native American Uses: Used the sap as a sweetener, and also used it for
medicine and in tea.
• Notes: Only prune in summer as sap is flowing during sorin; male flower; slender
dark brown catkins
• References: 10

Common Persimmon
• Common Name: Common Persimmon
• Scientific Name: Diospyros virginiana
• Quantity: 2
• Soil Requirement: 5-7 pH
• Bloom Time: Late spring to early summer
• Native Origin: Southern, Mid-Atlantic, and part Southwestern (USA: AL, AR,
CT, DE, FL, GA, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, LA, MD, MA, MS, MO, NE, NJ, NY, NC,
OH, OK, PA, SC, TN, TX, UT, VA, WV, DC)
• Native American Uses: Used fruit as food (ate dried persimmon fruits, which are
like prunes).
• Notes: White to whitish-green flowers shaped like blueberries; edible yellowish
to pale orange berries
• References: 10

Pin Oak
• Common Name: Pin Oak, Swamp Oak
• Scientific Name: Quercus palustris
• Quantity: 1
• Soil Requirement: 4.5-6.5 pH; tolerates wet soils and is found on wet clay flats
where water stands several weeks; very intolerant of high pH
• Bloom Time: Early spring
• Native Origin: South Atlantic, Mid-Atlantic, and part Midwest (USA: AR, CT,
DE, GA, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, ME, MD, MA, MI, MS, MO, NE, NJ, NY, NC, OH,
OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, VA, WV, WI, DC)
• Native American Uses: Bark was used for intestinal pain, and the acorns were
used as a food source.
• Notes: Pyramidal habit
• References: 10

Red Oak
• Common Name: Red Oak
• Scientific Name: Quercus rubra
• Quantity: 1
• Soil Requirement: 4.3-6.5 pH; prefers sandy loam; more acidic
• Native Origin: South Atlantic, Mid-Atlantic, and part Midwest (USA: AL, AR,
CT, DE, GA, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, NE,
NH, NJ, NY, NC, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, VT, VA, WV, WI, DC; Canada: NB,
NS, PE, QC)
• Native American Uses: Used as an important food source, and the bark was used
as medicine to treat bowel problems and other ailments.

Shrubs
Sweet Pepper Bush
• Common Name: Sweet Pepper Bush, White Alder, Summer Sweet
• Scientific Name: Clethra alnifolia
• Quantity: 6
• Soil Requirement: 4.5-7 pH; grows naturally in wet places and organic matter
• Bloom Time: Summer
• Native Origin: Southern, Mid-Atlantic, and New England (USA: AL, AR, CT,
DE, GA, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, NE, NH, NJ,
NY, NC, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, VT, VA, WV, WI, DC; Canada: NB, NS, PE,
QC)
• Native American Uses:
• Notes: Pest tolerant, attracts butterflies, many small white flowers

Red Chokeberry
• Common Name: Red Chokeberry
• Scientific Name: Aronia arbutifolia
• Quantity: 5
• Native Origin: Southern, Mid-Atlantic, and New England (USA: AL, AR, CT,
DE, FL, GA, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MS, NH, NJ, NY, NC, OK, PA, RI, SC,
TN, TX, VA, WV, DC; Canada: NB, NS, PE)
• Native American Uses: Used it in pemmican (dried meat) because of its high
concentration in vitamin C, antioxidants, and other beneficial substances.
• Notes: White/ pale pink fragrant flowers; attractive to bees, butterflies and birds;
drought tolerant, suitable for xeriscaping

Gray Dogwood
• Common Name: Gray Dogwood
• Scientific Name: Cornus racemosa
• Quantity: 5
• Native Origin: Northeastern and part Southern (USA: AR, CT, DE, IL, IN, IA,
KY, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MO, NE, NH, NJ, NY, NC, ND, OH, PA, RI, SC,
SD, TX, VT, VA, WV, WI; Canada: NB)
• Native American Uses: Medicine for eyes, muscle aches, and fever; leaves used
for smoking, bark used for dyes
• Notes: Creamy white flowers, attract birds, slow growing

Common Winterberry (Holly)
• Common Name: Common Winterberry, Black Alder Winterberry, Brook Alder,
Holly
• Scientific Name: Ilex verticillata
• Quantity: 6

• Bloom Time: Late summer to early fall
• Native Origin: Eastern and Midwest (USA: AL, AR, CT, DE, FL, GA, IL, IN, IA,
KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, NH, NJ, NY, NC, OH, PA, RI, SC,
TN, TX, VT, VA, WV, WI, DC; Canada: NB, NS, PE)
• Native American Uses: Used as medicine, which is where it got the name “fever
bush,” and used the bark to heal cuts and bruises.
• Notes: Develops chlorosis in high pH soils; adaptable to wet conditions; low
tolerance to drought
• References: 10

New Jersey Tea
• Common Name: New Jersey Tea
• Scientific Name: Ceanothus Americanus
• Quantity: 3
• Soil Requirement: 4.3-6.5 pH; light, well drained soil, tolerates dryness
• Native Origin: Eastern and Midwest (USA: AL, AR, CT, DE, FL, GA, IL, IN, IA,
KS, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, NE, NH, NJ, NY, NC, OH, OK,
PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VT, VA, WV, WI, DC; Canada: MB, NB, QC)
• Native American Uses: Used dried leaves for tea, and also as medicine to treat
snake bites and gastrointestinal problems
• Notes: Used as a tea substitute during the American Revolution; dark green leaf
color in summer, yellow/tan in fall, well adapted to fire (top-killed)

Dwarf Fothergilla
• Common Name: Dwarf Fothergilla
• Scientific Name: Fothergilla Gardenii
• Quantity: 1
• Mature Spread: >3’
• Soil Requirement: 6.8-7.5 pH; peaty sandy loam; good drainage
• Bloom Time: Spring
• Native Origin: USA: AL, FL, GA, NC, SC (introduced in 1765)
• Notes: White, fragrant flowers appear before leaves, last up to 14 days
• References: 10

Swamp Azalea
• Common Name: Swamp Azalea

• Scientific Name: Rhododendron viscosum
• Quantity: 2
• Light Requirement: Light shade
• Bloom Time: Late winter to mid-spring
• Native Origin: Most Atlantic and Southern (USA: AL, AR, CT, DE, FL, GA, LA,
ME, MD, MA, MS, NH, NJ, NY, NC, OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VT, VA, DC)
• Notes: loose, open habitat with numerous spreading white flowers, flowers are
fragrant, forms a thicket
• References: 10

Swamp Rose
• Common Name: Swamp Rose
• Scientific Name: Rosa palustris
• Quantity: 1
• Light Requirement: Shade tolerant
• Soil Requirement: 4-7 pH

• Native Origin: Eastern (USA: AL, AR, CT, DE, FL, GA, LA, ME, MD, MA, MS,
NH, NJ, NY, NC, OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VT, VA, DC)
• Notes: Grows in swamps, marshes, and along streams
• References: 10

Spicebush
• Common Name: Spicebush
• Scientific Name: Lindera benzoin
• Quantity: 2
• Soil Requirement: 4.5-7.8 pH; best in moist, well-drained soils
• Native Origin: Eastern (USA: AL, AR, CT, DE, FL, GA, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY,
LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MS, MO, NH, NJ, NY, NC, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, TN,
TX, VT, VA, WV, DC; Canada: PE)
• Native American Uses: Dried fruit was used as a spice, and the leaves were used
for tea. Also used as a medication for menstruation.
• Notes: Difficult to transport because of coarsely fibrous root system, somewhat
slow to reestablish
• References: 10

Perennials
Swamp Milkweed
• Common Name: Swamp Milkweed
• Scientific Name: Asclepias incarnata
• Quantity: 3+
• Mature Height: 24-36”
• Mature Spread: 18-24”
• Light Requirement: Sun to partial shade
• Bloom Time: Mid-summer to early fall
• Native Origin: Most Continental United States (USA: AL, AR, CO, CT, DE, FL,
GA, ID, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MO, MT, NE, NV, NH,
NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VT, VA, WV, WI,
WY, DC; Canada: MB, NB, NS, PE, QC)
• Native American Uses: Medicine for bowel and kidney disorders; sap used for
warts; inner bark used to make rope
• Notes: Attractive to bees, butterflies, and birds; requires consistently moist soil;
strong stems filled with milky sap
• References: 10

Beebalm
• Common Name: Beebalm, Horsemint, Oswego Tea, Bergamot
• Scientific Name: Monarda didyma
• Quantity: 12+
• Bloom Time: Late spring to early fall
• Native Origin: Northern and part South Atlantic (USA: CT, GA, IL, IN, IA, KY,
ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MO, NH, NJ, NY, NC, OH, OR, PA, SC, TN, VT, VA,
WA, WV, WI)

• Native American Uses: Blackfeet used as an antiseptic, and used for wounds and
skin infections; used in tea to treat mouth infections; used as carminative.
• Notes: Attractive to bees, butterflies, and birds (especially hummingbirds);
slender leaves; spicy, fragrant oil from leaves; similar flavor to oregano; spreads
quickly
• References: 10

Purple Coneflower
• Common Name: Purple Coneflower
• Scientific Name: Echinacea purpuea
• Quantity: 16+
• Bloom Time: Mid-summer to mid-fall
• Native Origin: Southern, Mid-Atlantic, and part Midwest (USA: AL, AR, CT,
FL, GA, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, LA, MD, MI, MS, MO, NJ, NY, NC, OH, OK, PA,
SC, TN, TX, VA, WV, WI; Canada: QC)
• Native American Uses: Used as an herbal medicine; treated snakebites and
anthrax.
• Notes: Attractive to bees, butterflies, and birds; self-sows freely; resistant to deer;
spiny central disc; resistant to drought; cone-shaped head
• References: 10

Gray Goldenrod
• Common Name: Gray Goldenrod, Oldfield Goldenrod
• Scientific Name: Solidago nemoralis
• Quantity: 16+
• Mature Height: 24”
• Bloom Time: Fall
• Native Origin: Most Continental United States (USA: AL, AR, CO, CT, DE, FL,
GA, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, MT, NE, NH,
NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, VT, VA, WV, WI,
WY, DC; Canada: NB, NS, PE, QC)
• Native American Uses: Used to make tea to help intestinal disorders; flowers
used to make yellow dye
• Notes: Golden flowers; upland meadow; produce nectar for honey
• References: 10

New England Aster
• Common Name: New England Aster, Starwart, First Flower
• Scientific Name: Symphyotrichum novae-angliae
• Quantity: 16+
• Light Requirement: Full sun to light shade
• Native Origin: Part Northeast, part Midwest, and part Rocky Mountain (USA:
AL, AR, CO, CT, DE, GA, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS,
MO, MT, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI)
• Notes: Hairy stems and leaves
• References: 10

Black-Eyed Susan
• Common Name: Black-Eyed Susan, Orange Coneflower, Eastern Coneflower,
Brilliant Coneflower
• Scientific Name: Rudbeckia fulgida
• Quantity: 17
• Bloom Time: Late spring to early fall

• Native Origin: Eastern and part Southern (USA: AL, AR, CT, DE, FL, GA, IL,
IN, KY, MD, MA, MI, MS, MO, NJ, NY, NC, OH, OK, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA,
WV, WI, DC)
• Notes: Gold/ bright yellow flowers; drought tolerant; attractive to bees, birds, and
butterflies
• References: 10

White Snakeroot
• Common Name: White Snakeroot, Ageratina altissima, White Sanicle, Tall
Boneset
• Scientific Name: Eupatorium rugosum
• Quantity: 4
• Native Origin: Introduced Cultivar
• Native American Uses: Used roots to make tea, treated diarrhea, fevers, and
kidney stones; burned to used smoke to revive unconscious individuals
• Notes: Small white fluffy flowers, contains the toxin tremetol; can spread quickly
• References: 10

Little Bluestem Grass
• Common Name: Little Bluestem Grass
• Scientific Name: Schizachyrium scoparium
• Quantity: 3
• Soil Requirement: 5.1-6 pH, dry to medium wet
• Native Origin: All United States (USA: AL, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA,
HI, ID, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, MT, NE, NH,
NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VT, VA, WA,
WV, WI, WY, DC; Canada: AB, MB, NB, SK)
• Notes: Coarse stems and basal leaves; leaves are bluish green and turn reddish
yellow in fall
• References: 10

Joe Pye Weed
• Common Name: Joe Pye Weed
• Scientific Name: Eutrochium purpureum
• Quantity:

• Light Requirement: Full sun to partial sun
• Soil Requirement: 5.0-6.0 pH; moist, rich soil
• Native Origin: (USA: AL, AR, CT, DE, FL, GA, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, LA, ME,
MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, NE, NH, NJ, NY, NC, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, TN,
VT, VA, WV, WI, DC; Canada: AB, ON)
• Native American Uses: Named after Native American, Joe Pye, who used it to
cure typhus. Also used dried roots and flowers for diuretic tea for kidney and
urinary problems, fevers, and rheumatism.
• Notes: Attracts pollinators; source of honey; sweet (vanilla) scented
• References: 9, 10, 11

Christmas Fern
• Common Name: Christmas Fern
• Scientific Name: Polystichum acrostichoides
• Quantity:
• Light Requirement: Full shade to partial shade
• Soil Requirement: usually acidic; rich dry/medium moisture, well drained soil
• Bloom Time: Non-flowering
• Native Origin: (USA: AL, AR, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA,
MA, ME, MN, MO, MS, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VA,
VT, WI, WV; Canada: NB, NS, ON, PEI, QE)
• Native American Uses: Used roots to make tea, which treated chills, fever,
pneumonia, stomach, bowels, and rheumatism
• Notes: Spores on underside of leaf

Northern Lady Fern
• Common Name: Northern Lady Fern
• Scientific Name: Athyrium filix-femina
• Quantity:
• Light Requirement: Full shade to partial sun
• Soil Requirement: 4.5-7 pH
• Bloom Time: Non-flowering
• Native Origin: (USA: AK, AL, AR, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, ID,
IL, IN, KY, LA, MA, ME, MN, MO, MS, NC, ND, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NV, NY,
OH, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VA, VT, WA, WI, WV, WY; Canada:
Eastern Canada)
• Native American Uses: Roots were used to make tea, which was used to help
labor pains. Powdered root was used to put on small wounds. Fronds were used
to decorate woven baskets.
• Notes: Sori (spore casings) grow on underside of leaf; sometimes grow in circular
groups

Dwarf Crested Iris
• Common Name: Dwarf Crested Iris
• Scientific Name: Iris cristada
• Quantity: 24
• Light Requirement: Light shade

• Soil Requirement: 6.1-7.5 pH; acidic or neutral; moist soil
• Native Origin: USA: AL, AR, DC, GA, IL, IN, KY, MO, MS, NC, OH, PA, SC,
TN, VA, WV
• Notes: Endangered in Pennsylvania
• References: 10

Wild Columbine
• Common Name: Wild Columbine
• Scientific Name: Aquilegia canadensis
• Quantity: 12
• Mature Spread: 1’
• Light Requirement: Full sun to part shade
• Soil Requirement: 7 pH; moist to dry
• Bloom Time: April through June
• Native Origin: USA: AL, AR, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, MA,
ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, ND, NE, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, SD,
TN, TX, VA, VT, WI, WV
• Native American Uses: Used infusions to treat things such as heart problems,
fevers, and poison ivy
• Notes: Red/yellow flowers

Butterfly Weed
• Common Name: Butterfly Weed
• Scientific Name: Asclepius tuberosa
• Quantity: 12
• Mature Spread: 24”
• Light Requirement: Full sun to part shade
• Soil Requirement: 4.8-6.8 pH; moist to dry
• Bloom Time: May through September
• Native Origin: USA: AL, AR, AZ, CO, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS,
KY, LA, MA, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NY, OH, OK, PA,
RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VA, VT, WI, WV
• Native American Uses: Used powdered root to make poultice for sores; used in
tea to cause vomiting
• Notes: Orange flowers

Wood Geranium
• Common Name: Wood Geranium, Wild Geranium, Spotted Geranium
• Scientific Name: Geranium maculatum
• Quantity: 12
• Light Requirement: Full sun to shade
• Soil Requirement: 5.6-7.5 pH; acidic, mildly acidic, neutral; moist to dry
• Bloom Time: April through July
• Native Origin: USA: AL, AR, CT, DC, DE, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA,
ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, ND, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN,
VA, VT, WI, WV
• Native American Uses: Used as an astringent, for sores, and for swollen feet
• Notes: Rose colored flowers; spreading

Solomon’s Seal
• Common Name: Solomon’s Seal
• Scientific Name: Polygonatum pubescens
• Quantity: 12
• Mature Spread: 24”

• Light Requirement: Full sun to shade
• Soil Requirement: 4.5-7.0 pH; acidic to neutral soils; prefers moist soils
• Bloom Time: April through June
• Native Origin: USA: AL, AR, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA,
MA, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, ND, NE, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, SC, SD,
TN, TX, VA, VT, WI, WV, WY
• Native American Uses: Used roots to cure headaches and sunburns, and was also
smoked to cure depression
• Notes: Yellow flowers

Works Cited

1. “Aquilegia Canadensis.” Flora, fauna, Earth and sky… the natural history of the
northwoods. Accessed 16 July 2008.
<http://www.rook.org/earl/bwca/nature/herbs/aquilegiacan.html>.

2. Brand, Mark H. UConn Plant Database of Trees, Shrubs, and Vines. Accessed 2 July
2008 <http://www.hort.uconn.edu/plants/>.

3. “Catalog of the Woody Plants of Oklahoma.” Oklahoma Biological Survey. Accessed
2 July 2008 <http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/shrub/cover.htm>.

4. “Edible, Medicinal, and Useful Plants for a Healthier World.” Plants for a Future.
Accessed 2 July 2008 <http://www.pfaf.org/database/>.

5. “Medicinal Herb Uses and Picture Gallery.” Alternative Nature Online Herbal.
Accessed 2 July 2008 <http://www.altnature.com/gallery/>.

6. “Northern Lady Fern.” Paghat’s Garden: Athyrium felix-femina var cyclosorum.
Accessed 2 July 2008 <http://www.paghat.com/ladyfern2.html>.

7. “Our Land and Landscape.” Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forest. Accessed 2
July 2008 <http://www.bernheim.org/>.

8. Peterson, John and Seiler, John. Virginia Tech Department of Forestry: College of
Natural Resources. Accessed 2 July 2008
<http://www.cnr.vt.edu/dendro/wwwmain.html>.

9. “Plant Database.” Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Accessed 2 July 2008
<http://www.wildflower.org/>.

10. “Plants Database.” United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources
Conservation Service. Accessed 2 July 2008 <http://plants.usda.gov/>.

11. “Plant Information.” Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed 2 July 2008
<http://www.mobot.org/gardeninghelp/plantinfo.shtml>.

12. “Indigenous Plants and Native Uses in the Northeast.” Native Tech: Native
American Technology and Art. Accessed 16 July 2008. <http://www.nativetech.org/>.

Online Garden Guide: A Short Guide to the Plants in the Native Plants Garden - Bucknell University

Online Garden Guide: A Short Guide to the Plants in the Native Plants Garden - Bucknell University

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Online Garden Guide: A Short Guide to the Plants in the Native Plants Garden - Bucknell University