DynaRIA: a Tool for Ajax Web Application Comprehension

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Thanks to Rich Internet Applications (RIAs) with their enhanced interactivity, responsiveness and dynamicity, the user experience in the Web 2.0 is becoming more and more appealing and user-friendly. The dynamic nature of RIAs and the heterogeneous technologies, frameworks, communication models used for implementing them negatively affect their analyzability and understandability. Consequently, specific software techniques and tools are needed for supporting RIA comprehension. This paper presents DynaRIA, a tool for the comprehension of RIAs implemented in Ajax that is based on dynamic analysis. It provides functionalities for recording and analyzing user sessions from several perspectives, and for producing various types of abstractions and visualizations about the run-time behavior of the application. In order to evaluate this tool, four case studies involving different comprehension tasks of Ajax applications have been executed. The experimental results showed the usefulness and effectiveness of the tool that provided a valid support for Ajax comprehension in reverse engineering, debugging, testing and quality assessment contexts.

18th IEEE International Conference on Program Comprehension

Braga, Portugal
30 June - 2 July, 2010

DynaRIA: a Tool for Ajax Web
Application Comprehension
Dipartimento di Informatica e
Sistemistica
University of Naples “Federico II”,
Italy

Domenico Amalfitano
Anna Rita Fasolino
Armando Polcaro
Porfirio Tramontana

ICPC 2010, Braga, Portugal; 30 june - 2 july, 2010

Background
• Ajax is a set of Web Technologies (XHTML, JavaScript , XML,
and XMLHttpRequest) used for implementing a new generation
of Web applications (Rich Internet Applications).
• Key aspects of Ajax applications:
▫ The UI is composed by widgets that are updated, deleted or added
independently at run time.
▫ The UI is dynamically built on the basis of the events that are fired by
the user.
▫ Events are managed by an Ajax Engine (AE).
• The Ajax Engine (AE) composed of JavaScript modules
▫ manipulates the UI components,
▫ communicates with the server (exchanges few amounts of data, by
asynchronous or synchronous requests)
• Most popular examples are: Google Maps, Flickr, Gmail, etc.

ICPC 2010, Braga, Portugal; 30 june - 2 july, 2010

Challenges for AJAX application
comprehension
• Heterogeneous nature (JS, DOM, XML, ...)
▫ Several parsers are needed
• Dynamically configured code (JS code is loaded or built at
run-time)
▫ code static analysis is not sufficient
• Based on large variety of frameworks
▫ make their behaviour opaque and complicate the analysis of
generated code
• DynaRIA is a tool designed for the comprehension of Ajax
applications based on dynamic analysis of user sessions.
• It produces several types of abstractions and visualizations
about the run-time behaviour of the application.

ICPC 2010, Braga, Portugal; 30 june - 2 july, 2010

The approach of DynaRIA –user session
analysis
• User sessions are traced and recorded through the Web
browser offered by DynaRIA.
• Each user session trace collets the following data:
▫ User events fired on widgets of the UI.
▫ JavaScript functions activated by user event handlers.
▫ Executed lines of code of JS functions.
▫ Changes (such as add, delete, or change) to UI widgets by
DOM analysis.
▫ Message exchanges between client and server.
▫ Exceptions and errors occurred at run time (such as
JavaScript errors, Network warnings, etc.).

• Collected information about user sessions are shown in
several Session Monitor Views provided by the tool.

ICPC 2010, Braga, Portugal; 30 june - 2 july, 2010

The approach of DynaRIA – UML sequence
diagram abstraction
• DynaRIA abstracts UML sequence diagrams at various levels of
detail and abstraction from each user session or from its parts.
• UML sequence diagrams are viewed and managed by another tool,
dynaRIA Sequence Diagram Viewer.

Excerpt of an high level UML sequence diagram Excerpt of a low level UML sequence diagram

ICPC 2010, Braga, Portugal; 30 june - 2 july, 2010

The approach of DynaRIA – testing and
debugging activity support
• DynaRIA provides functionalities of Capture &
Replay.
• During user session replay, the tool:
▫ traces the JS code execution and keeps track of
performed network traffic,
▫ detects run-time JS exceptions (such as JS syntax
errors, array out of bound errors, etc.) and network
warning occurred at run-time.
• The tool computes several JS code coverage metrics
with respect to a replayed set of user sessions.

The development of Web sites and applications is increasing dramatically to satisfy the market requests. The software industry is facing the new demand under the pressure of a very short time-to-market and an extremely high competition. As a result, Web sites and applications are usually developed without a disciplined process: Web applications are directly coded and no, or poor, documentation is produced to support the subsequent maintenance and evolution activities, thus compromising the quality of the applications. This paper presents a tool for reverse engineering Web applications. UML diagrams are used to model a set of views that depict several aspects of a Web application at different abstraction levels. The recovered diagrams ease the comprehension of the application and support its maintenance and evolution. A case study, carried out with the aim of assessing the effectiveness of the proposed tool, allowed relevant information about some real Web applications to be successfully recovered and modeled by UML diagrams.

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1. 18th IEEE International Conference on Program Comprehension Braga, Portugal 30 June - 2 July, 2010 DynaRIA: a Tool for Ajax Web Application Comprehension Dipartimento di Informatica e Sistemistica University of Naples “Federico II”, Italy Domenico Amalfitano Anna Rita Fasolino Armando Polcaro Porfirio Tramontana

2. ICPC 2010, Braga, Portugal; 30 june - 2 july, 2010 Background • Ajax is a set of Web Technologies (XHTML, JavaScript , XML, and XMLHttpRequest) used for implementing a new generation of Web applications (Rich Internet Applications). • Key aspects of Ajax applications: ▫ The UI is composed by widgets that are updated, deleted or added independently at run time. ▫ The UI is dynamically built on the basis of the events that are fired by the user. ▫ Events are managed by an Ajax Engine (AE). • The Ajax Engine (AE) composed of JavaScript modules ▫ manipulates the UI components, ▫ communicates with the server (exchanges few amounts of data, by asynchronous or synchronous requests) • Most popular examples are: Google Maps, Flickr, Gmail, etc.

3. ICPC 2010, Braga, Portugal; 30 june - 2 july, 2010 Challenges for AJAX application comprehension • Heterogeneous nature (JS, DOM, XML, ...) ▫ Several parsers are needed • Dynamically configured code (JS code is loaded or built at run-time) ▫ code static analysis is not sufficient • Based on large variety of frameworks ▫ make their behaviour opaque and complicate the analysis of generated code • DynaRIA is a tool designed for the comprehension of Ajax applications based on dynamic analysis of user sessions. • It produces several types of abstractions and visualizations about the run-time behaviour of the application.

4. ICPC 2010, Braga, Portugal; 30 june - 2 july, 2010 The approach of DynaRIA –user session analysis • User sessions are traced and recorded through the Web browser offered by DynaRIA. • Each user session trace collets the following data: ▫ User events fired on widgets of the UI. ▫ JavaScript functions activated by user event handlers. ▫ Executed lines of code of JS functions. ▫ Changes (such as add, delete, or change) to UI widgets by DOM analysis. ▫ Message exchanges between client and server. ▫ Exceptions and errors occurred at run time (such as JavaScript errors, Network warnings, etc.). • Collected information about user sessions are shown in several Session Monitor Views provided by the tool.

5. ICPC 2010, Braga, Portugal; 30 june - 2 july, 2010 The approach of DynaRIA – UML sequence diagram abstraction • DynaRIA abstracts UML sequence diagrams at various levels of detail and abstraction from each user session or from its parts. • UML sequence diagrams are viewed and managed by another tool, dynaRIA Sequence Diagram Viewer. Excerpt of an high level UML sequence diagram Excerpt of a low level UML sequence diagram

6. ICPC 2010, Braga, Portugal; 30 june - 2 july, 2010 The approach of DynaRIA – testing and debugging activity support • DynaRIA provides functionalities of Capture & Replay. • During user session replay, the tool: ▫ traces the JS code execution and keeps track of performed network traffic, ▫ detects run-time JS exceptions (such as JS syntax errors, array out of bound errors, etc.) and network warning occurred at run-time. • The tool computes several JS code coverage metrics with respect to a replayed set of user sessions.

7. ICPC 2010, Braga, Portugal; 30 june - 2 july, 2010 The approach of DynaRIA – testing and debugging activity support • DynaRIA provides functionalities of Capture & Replay. • During user session replay, the tool: ▫ traces the JS code execution and keeps track of performed network traffic, ▫ detects run-time JS exceptions (such as JS syntax errors, array out of bound errors, etc.) and network warning occurred at run-time. • The tool computes several JS code coverage metrics with respect to a replayed set of user sessions.

Editor's Notes

A voce: This type of diagram can be used for obtaining a comprehension of the set of fired user events, of events causing DOM changes, synchronous and asynchronous requests to the server, as well as obtained server responses

DynaRIA: a Tool for Ajax Web Application Comprehension

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Editor's Notes