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I.

    1)


                           ,                                                                 /    /
                                                                 .
                                                                                                      ,           ,               ,
                                            ,
                               ,                                                       /                                   .
                                                                                                                                                  .


    2)


                                                        ‘                      ’   ‘                          ’
                                                             .            1                                       ,        ,
                       2                                                  12
                                                            .3                                            (HAT)


                                                                      (Coin Street Community Builders)
                                                                                                                      ‘
           ’                                                     .4                                                                           .




    II.

    1)

    (1) 1997
          1997
                                            . 1997
                                            (Southwark)                                               (Aylesbury Estate)
           (Leunig & Swa eld, 2007)
                                        .


                                                                                                                                          .
               ,                                ‘                 ·                        ’, ‘                                       ’
                   ,               ,‘               ’                 ‘        ’                          ,           ,‘       ’(local), ‘


2
’(region),            ‘          ’(national)                                             ,             ,‘
                           ’               ‘                                                    ’(democratic renewal)         ,
         ‘                          ’,     ‘                                                ’
         (ODPM, 2006).                                                                                           ·        ,   ,
                               ([        2.1]).


    2)

         1997


                                                    .                                                  10
                                                .

    [   2.1] 1997




                                                        •
                                                        •
                                                            - New Deal for Communities
    • National Strategy for Neighbourhood                   - Education Action Zones-Sure Start
    Renewal (1998)                                          - Neighbourhood Renewal Fund
                                                            - New Start
                                                            - Employment Zones
                                                            - Health Action Zones

    • A Towards Urban                                   • Richard Rogers           Urban Task Force
    Renaissance(DETR, 1999)                             •

    • Our Towns and Cities: Delivering an               •                     ·     ·
    Urban Renaissance (DETR, 2000)                      • Urban Renaissance
    • Bring Britain Together (SEU, 2001)                • National Neighbourhood Renewal Strategy

                                                        •
    •        e Sustainable Communities(2003) •                            ,             ,
                                                        •

                                                        •
    • Making it Happen:        e Northern
                                                        •                                            290
    Way(ODPM, 2004)


                                                        •

    • Planning and Compulsory Purchase
                                                        •
    Act (ODPM, 2004)
                                                        • UDP      Local Plan           Local Development Frameworks
                                                        • Structure Plan          Regional Spatial Strategy

                                                        •                                                  (Skill)
    • Egan Review(2004)
                                                        • National Centre for Sustainable Community Skills



3
• Sustainable Communities: Homes for •                                                 ,                                       ,
                         All (ODPM, 2005)                                        ,                                                5

                                                                             •
                         • Sustainable Communities: People,
                                                                                                                                       5
                         Places and Prosperity(ODPM, 2005)
                                                                             •

                         • State of English Cities(ODPM,                     •          56                 (            125,000                )                  12
                         2006)                                                                                 •                                                                .


                                          1998                    ‘Bring Britain Together: National Strategy for Neighbourhood
                            Renewal’                                             1997
                                                       ([   2.1]).                                60                     90                                                    ‘Urban
                            Programme’, ‘Urban Development Corporations’, ‘Task Force’, ‘Single Regeneration
                            Budget’                                                                                       ,                ,        ,                  ,
                                                                                                                                                            (Social Exclusion
                            Unit-SEU, 1998).


                                                                                                                          ‘                                 ’(Social Exclusion
                            Unit)                            5                       18                                  10
                                                  ‘                        ’(National Strategy for Neighbourhood Renewal)
                            ([           2.2]).                                                        ,                      ,                     ,                      ,
                                 ,                                                                                                 . (SEU, 1998).

[       2.2]                         5                18                                      (   :                 :              )

5
                                                      18                                          DE                          DF                                   DC      MA
                                                                                        SEU       TR   HTM          HO        EE       DTI         DH       DSS    MS      FF       CO


    •                     1.              (job)

                          2.         (skills)
           (getting the
    people to work) 3.               (business)

                          4.                 (neighbourhood management)

                          5.                 (housing management)

                          6.                    (neighbourhood wardens)
    •
            (getting the 7.                            (unpopular housing)
        place to work)
                          8.                    (anti-social behaviour)

                          9.                                 (community self-help)

                          10.                          (arts and sports)



4
•                        11.    (schools and plus)
         (a future for
    young people)        12.               (young people)

     :              ‘Bring Britain Together: A National Strategy for Neighbourhood Renewal’ (SEU, 1998)                          .
           SEU:Social Exclusion Unit, DETR:Departement of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, HMT: Her Majesty’s Treasury,
           HO:Home Office, DfEE:Department for Education and Employment, DTI:Department of Trade and Industry, DH:Department
           of Health, DSS:Departement of Social Security, DCMS;Department for Culture, Media and Sport, MAFF:Ministry of
           Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, CO:Cabinet Office



                          1997                                                                                     (Area-based
                          approach)                          ,       ·                  ‘       ’                            ,
                                       ,                 ,       ,            (Voluntary sectors)
                                                                             .[       2.1]                                  1998
                                                                         ‘             ’(National Strategy for Neighbourhood
                          Renewal)          ‘Health Action Zones’, ‘Employment Zones‘, ‘Education Action Zones’
                                                                                  ‘            ’
                                              .

                     [     2.1] 1980              2000




5
: The Contradiction of Urban Policy: the case of the Single Regeneration Budget in London (Ball, 2004)
        :             1997                                                  (        )


        1997        ODPM(Office for Deputy Prime Minister)                                               ‘                ’
        (Social Exclusion Unit)
             .         ‘Local Strategic Partnerships’                                      ,     ,                   ,
                         ‘Local Neighbourhood Renewal Strategies’
                                                                        .       , ‘New Deal for Communities’(NDC)
                                        ‘                           ’
                                  ,              ,    ,                                                              .


        NDC         10                                    £20                                                .
                                             (                  )
                                                          (ODPM, 2004).                              ,           ,        ,
                                                                                      23       NDC
                                                     10                     £40m-£60m                                (ODPM,
        2004)([          2.2]).


    [       2.2] New Deals for Communities




        : Making it happen: The Northern Way (ODPM, 2004)




6
1999
                      (Urban Regeneration Companies-URCs)                       .
           (Regional Development Agencies),                       (local authorities)
                (English Partnerships)
        (ODPM, 2004).                                                  ,
                                                                       .            ,            ,
                                                   12                                                .
                Walsall                                  (ODPM, 2004)([                 2.3]).


    [    2.3]




        : Making it happen: The Northern Way (ODPM, 2004)




        (Sustainable Community)                             . 2003    ‘Sustainable Community Plan’, 2004
           ‘Making it Happen:         e Northern Way’, 2005          ‘Sustainable Communities: Homes for
        All‘, ‘Sustainable Communities:People, Places and Prosperity’


                      . 2006                 ‘State of      e English Cities’                            .



7
125,000                 56             (Primary Urban Area)           12
                                           1                            .                         12
                                                                .
                                          ,
                          .
                                              ,                                               ,        ,
                                                                            (ODPM, 2006).


                                                   (                )




                      :



                3)

                (1)


                                      (Single Regeneration Budget)                        (1997            )
                                           1994         2004            6           . 1997
                                                                                      ,
                                  5                ·
                              .


1.   London, Manchester, Birmingham, Britsol, Cambridge,
     Derby, Burnley, Leicester, Leeds, Sunderland, Sheffield,
     Medway


8
.




                          .                                                                                                        5        200
                                                         .



           •     6                      ,            (Bidding)                                              .
           •5                                                 (Area-Based Initiative)
                 .                                                                                              (Indices of Deprivation)2
                                                                                                                                                .
           •                                 ‘                      ’                               ,
                     10                                  1                                      ,               0.59
                                   .



                                                                                                                                            .


                                                                            .


     (2)                      (NRF, Neighbourhood Renewal Fund)


           • 1997                                             ,                                                  (Neighbourhood Renewal
               Unit)                                                                88
                                    .
           • 2001                  2006              19                         (       3               8         )                                 ,
               2007            5   2500          (   1            500               )                                      .           Working
               Neighbourhood Renewal Fund                                                           .



           •                                (Indices of Deprivation)                                                                                .
                                                                                                                               ,
                                                                                    (RDA)                                               .
           •                                                            ,               ,               ,              ,                            ,
                                                          .

2.   (Indices of Local Deprivation) ,




9
,                       ,     ,
                       (LSP: Local Strategy Partnership)                                        . NRF
           LSP                             .




                                                          ,
                                       .


     (3)                              (CEF: Community Empowerment Fund)


           •
                                                              .


               .                                                                         .
           • 2003          3                       , 36           (    7   )
               (Community Empowerment Network)                        88                                .
           •                   2004                                        (Community Chest),
                           (Community Learning Chest)
                   .



10
•                       (NRF)
                 ,                                                                                         .



                                                                                                               ,
                                                                                                     .
                                                                                            ,


                       .



                                                                            ,
                                                                                    .       CEF     Self-help
                                                                                                                   ,
                                                                                .



           •                                                                            .
           •                                                            .
                           ,
                               ,                                                                               .
                                               (LSP)                                            .



           CENs                                    (GO Government O ce)                                            .
                                                                                                         CENs
                               .


     (4)                       (BIG Big Lottery Fund)
                                                                    .
                                           ,            (BIG)                               New Opproturnity
           national lottery fund                                .




11
[ ] Big Lottery Fund



                                                                         ,
          2014                    £300 - £1000



      Awards for All England     £300- £10,000



     Awards for All Northern
                                 £500 - £10,000.
              Ireland

                                                                     ,       ,
     Awards for All Scotland     £500 - £10,000



       Awards for All Wales      £500 - £5,000


                                  £10,000,000
      Building Change Trust
                                   (10       )                   .

         Changing Spaces:
                               £10,000- £450,000
        Community Spaces

         Changing Spaces:
     Community Sustainable      £5,000- £50,000
        Energy Programme


         Changing Spaces:
                               £20,000- £250,000
            Ecominds


        Community Asset
                               £300,000- £800,000
             Transfer
                                                                                 .

                                                    New Opportunities                ,
                                                    Fair Share
            Fare Share         £5,000 - £250,000

                                                    77

                                                    2
          Heroes Return          £150 - £5,500




        Investing In Ideas       £500 - £10,000




        Like Skills Project       £14,000,000                            ,   ,




12
People and Places                         £5,001 - £1,000,000


           People and Places:
     Addressing the economic                             £2,000,000
           downturn in Wales


     Reaching Communities:                                                                ,
                                                     £10,000 - £500,000
                  England


                                                                                           25
       Young Peoples’ Fund                             £500 - £2,500




     4)

     (1) Housing Action Trust (HAT)                         ,         ,
           Housing Action Trust(HAT)                                (Department of the Environment)
           [Housing:         e Government’s Proposal]                                 1988            Housing Act
                     .


           HAT                                                                ,                                 ,
              ,                                             4                                                             . HAT
                                                                                                                .
           (English Partnership,                Homes & Community Agency                                    )       HAT
                                ,
                                            .


           HAT           1988       Housing Act                                                                 (Local authorities)
                                                                                                            . HAT
           (Non Departmental Public Body,                Quango(Quasi Non-Governmental Organisation)
                                            ,                                                     .     HAT                  (Board)
                                                                                      ,
           (Deputy prime minister)                              .


           1988          Housing Act             6     HAT                        (       2.3]          ).


     (2)                             (Local Strategy Partnership)


                                .                                                             ,             ,        ,
                                                                                                        .


13
•
                                                    .
                     •                                                           (LAAs:
                         Local Area Agreements)                 .       (LAA)3
                                                                         ,
                                                                    .




3.         (LAA)                                .       ,   ,
                                                            .
     (1)
             . (2)             (3)
                                        . (4)
                                     . (5)
                                                .



14
[   2.3] HAT

     HAT                                                           (£)
    North Hull HAT              1991 - 1999      3       5                                               -                                           -
    Waltham Forest                                           1 6
                                 2002     4                                                              -                                           -
      HAT(              )

                                                                                 •               1960        1970


                                                                                 •           (           )
     Tower Hamlets                                       1 2 3                                                                    • 1,000                             ,
                               1995     - 2004 6                                                   (Index of Local
      HAT(              )                                                                                                         150
                                                                                 Deprivation, 2000)
                                                                                 • Tower Hamlets
                                                                                         3

                                                                                 • 34                                             • 2,275                  , 32
                                                                                 •               9,000        60
    Castle Vale HAT
                                1993 - 2005 3             3                                                                       • 1,464                , 1333
        (           )
                                                                                 • 3,786                                     30
                                                                                                   .                              • 1,461

                                                                                 • 67                               5,332
                                                                                                               HAT
                                                                                                   .
    Liverpool HAT              1993     -2005     9       3                      • 1996                                                              -
                                                                                                               54
                                                                                                             13



    Stonebridge HAT
                               1994     - 2007    8            -                                         -                                           -
            (   )

     : Housign Policy (Balchin, 1995)            English Partnerships        6           HAT




                        III.

                        1)

                        (1)
                                                                                                                    (Waterloo Bridge)
                                          (Blackfriars Bridge)
                              (South Bank)                               .
                                          .                              ,           ,                                                      , 1970
                                                                                                                     ‘                        ’(Greater London
                              Council)(          Greater London Authority:GLA                                            )                                        .
                                                                                                                                                ,


15
.


                                                                                        ,
                     ‘Coin Street Action Group’
                                        .
                                              ,                             Coin Street Action Group
                         .                                                                             ‘Coin Street
         Community Builder’(CSCB)                              .                        CSCB
                                                                            .


         CSCB            1984                                          13
                     .                            (Mulberry)
                                 (Gabriel’s Wharf )(1988),                                           ,
         (Palm)(1994),                      (Oxo Tower)(1995),                    (Iroko)                   59
                             (2001)                            . CSCB
                 .


     [    3.1]                   1987                              ,              ( )        (   )




         : Lain Tuckett (1988)




16
: Waterloo Community Development Group


     (2) ‘Coin Street Community Builders’(CSCB)
        CSCB      1984
        ‘Coin Street Action Group’                                           .      13
                                                               ,
                    ‘               ’(Social Enterprize)            . CSCB       CSCB
                        (Board)                        ,                                             .
                                      ,
                            .


        CSCB                                               , 1987    ‘Coin Street Secondary Housing
        Co-operative’(CSS)                                                                           .
                                    (Housing Corporation)                        (Housing Association)
                    ,                                                                         CSS
                                          . CSS                                          ,    ,
                                .


                                                                       CSCB
            ,



17
.               CSCB
                                              .


     [    3.2]                                                    (1979)




         : Iain Tuckett (1988)


                 CSCB          ‘Coin Street Secondary Housing Co-operative’      ‘Coin Street Centre Trust’


                                                      .                                          .




                    (Housing co-operatives)



                                                          :
                                                  ‘              ’(South Bank)                         .
                           ,




18
.




                                                                               .
                          CSCB
                                                              Coin Street Secondary Housing Co-operative




                          Coin Street Secondary Housing Co-operative




              (3) CSCB
                                     CSCB                                          13
                                                      .                                                          (co-operative homes)4       ,
                          ,           ,           ,       ,                ,                                               ,             ,
                                                              ,                    ,             ,           ,
                                 .


                  [       3.1]                                                 CSCB            ‘South Bank Management Service Ltd’
                  (CSCB                   )                   ,                                                                          OXO
                  Tower, Gabriel’s Wharf, Bernie Spain Gardens,
                      .                   CSCB                                         ,                 ,             ,
                                              ,                   CSCB                     ,         ,                         ,    (quantity
                  surveyor)                                           .




4.                       (Coin Street)
                4     Housing Co-operatives                       Iroko,
     Mulberry, Palm, Redwood           .



19
[    3.1]




                       • 1988
                       •


     Gabriel’s Wharf   •                ,           ,


                       •
                                OXO Tower




                       • 1997
                       •            (Flat)          (Maisonettes)           59
     Iroko Housing
                               32
      Co-operative
                       •


                                                                                 .




                       • 56
                       •1                    4          .
    Mulberry Housing   •                                                             (2
      Co-operative         )
                       • 1990
                           .




                       • 1994
                       • 27                  (10               ,5       2                 ,
     Palm Housing      10           1               )
      Co-operative     •
                       •                                    (eg. RIBA National
                       Housing Design Award 1995)




                       • 1995
    Redwood Housing
                       • 78                        (OXO Tower       )
      Co-operative
                       •            1              2




20
• 1996
                     •                        CBCS
                     •               OXO Beef Cube                                  (Liebig Extract
                     of Meat Company)
                     • 1930                                                                       1970


     OXO Tower       • 1990                  CSCB                                    .2
                                                    .
                     •                                      , CSCB      ,                                 ,
                                     (Housing Corporation)                                            .
                     •
                                                                                          ,                   ,
                             .       ,



                     •


                     • CSCB                             ,           ,       ,

      Coin Street
                     •           ,                          ,                                 ,
 Neighbourhood
                                                                                ,
        Centre
                         ,
                     •                       (London Development Agency),
                         (Single Regeneration Budget),
                     (Government Children Programme)                                                              .




                     • 1980


      Public Park    •                   ,                      ,
     (Bernie Spain
       Gardens)      • CSCB
                                     .
                     •




                     • CSCB                                                               Bernie
                     Spain Garden

Riverside Walkways
                     •                                                               ,            ,




21
• 2005
                       • CSCB                                                                      (social enterprise)
                                                      (charity)
                       •                          ,                            ,


                       •         ,                         ,                               ,
                       •                                                   (Lambeth)
 Colombo Street        (Southwark)
     Community &       • 50
     Sports Centre     (London Marathan Charitable Trust),                                          e Big Lottery,
         (CSSC)               106         ,
                              (Single Regneration Fund)                                             .
                       •4                             (Pitch)                      .
                       •                                           CSCB                                  .
                       •
                                              .
                       • CSCB         CSSC             ‘                                           ’(Healthy Living
                       Programme)                                                  .


     :                Coin Street Home Page



                     OXO Tower
                     CSCB                                                                               ‘OXO Tower’                                            ,
                                                               ,                           ,
                                                                                                   .             CSCB                                   (
                                                                                                             )           OXO Tower                            CSCB
                                                                                                                              .   CSCB
                     OXO Tower                                                                                                                      ‘
                                      ’                                                        ·                              ‘            ’
                                                                   .


                     Coin Street Neighbourhood Centre
                     CSCB            2006                                                                                 /            ,
                                                                                                             .                     ,           ,
                                                                                               9 4                                             ,              CSCB
                                          (5 11                                ),                                     (Single Regneration Budget)(2 5
                       ),                             (London Development Agency)(1 5                                                          ),           SureStart
                     Programme(74                                      )                                          .
                                      ,                    ,                           ,                          CSCB                                             .




22
[       3.3]              (CSCB)




         :           (2009)


     [       3.4]                       Coin Street Neighbourhood Centre




         : Coin Street Community Builder (2006)


     (4) CSCB
                    CSCB
                       .


         •
              - CSCB                        (housing co-operatives)   ‘Coin Street Centre Trust’
              -                : Lambeth, Southwark
              -            :            ,              (Lodon Development Agency)
              -                : Cabinet O ce, Department for Children Schools and Families


23
-                         (South Bank)                            (Bankside)                                   : Development
                   Trust Association, Social Enterprise Coalition, Social Enterprise London, South Bank
                   Employers’ Group
               -                     : City of Londo School for Boys, Colombo Street Community & Sport
                   Centre, Guy’s & St                        omas’ NHS Foundation,                e   ames Festival Trust


     2)

     (1)
           Castle Vale
           •                                                                                      1964-1969
                                     (Castle Bromwich Air eld)                                              .
                                             (Clearance Programme)                                                                ,   30
                                                                                     .


           •                                                                  (Birmingham City Council)
                       ,                                 1988       Housing Act
                                 Housing Action Trust(HAT)                                                      .
               (75%              )                                                           HAT                              .


           • HAT                                                                                        ·           ·
                                             .


           •                         34                                                                         ,
                       ,                                            27            (Mezzonet),               2,700
                                             ,                                                                      (Radburn)
                                                                ,                                                   .


           •               ·                                                                      50%                    ,
                       ,                             (                                   )            (                 55%
                                                     ,              44%                      ),                               (
                   ,                 ,           ,                        ,          )                              .



                               Housing Action Trust (HAT)
           •                             ·               ·
                                                          HAT                    .




24
[    3.5]




         : www.cvcha.co.uk


     [    3.6] HAT




         : Adam Monement (2005)


         •               HAT      (Board)       10                          ,
             (O ce for Deputy Prime Minister:ODPM                DCLG           )              .
                         3                                    4         ,
                             3              .        Tenants and Resident Alliance(TRA)   Castle
             Vale Community Housing Association(CVCHA)                              2
                                       ,                                    .


         • 1999      6                                   , HAT                            3


25
,                                                        .


         •                         4                            (Housing),               (Development),
                                (Economic & Community Development),                          (Finance)
             (Corporate Team)                              ,                                                    .


     [   3.7]




         : Adam Monement(2005)


     (2) HAT
                     HAT
                     ,                                 ,
                                                   .


                                  2,275       32                                     1,464
             1,333                        .                                  (Eden Court Medical Practice), 3 5
                                  (Sainsbury)                  400                       ,               ,3 4
                                                               44               ·                           ,
                         (Healthy Living Centre: Santuray)           ,                   ,
                                              .




26
[   3.2]HAT               Castle Vale




         : Castle Vale Housing Action Trust(2004)


          HAT
                   ‘                         ’        ‘              ’                                            .


                                                                                                 55%      8%
                                                      .
                                             .                                          (Training programme)
                               ,         ,        ,
            .                                                 Sainsbury                     ( Jaguar          )


                   . HAT                                      (1993-2005)           1,461
                3,415                                            .                                     (6.9%)
                                         7.4%(2004)                                               .


                                                 HAT                 ·      ·
                                                                                . HAT
                                                                                        .
          HAT                                     ‘                               ’ (Multi Agency Approach)
                           .                                                        (Empowerment)                         ,
                                                          ,                 ,                             ·           ·
                           ,                                                                 .




27
[    3.3]



                               • HAT
              1.                                                                                   .
                               •                                                       HAT

                               •                                                           ,           ,
                                                                                       5                         . 2005 HAT
              2.
                               • Health Village,                           ,   ·               ,                        ,                    ,
                                                                       ,

                               •                                                                                      HAT                            (Anti-
                               Social behaviour orders)
                               •                                                           , CCTV                           ,            ·
                                       ,                                                                          ,
     3.
                               (Community Action Tackling Crime and Harrassment),                                                                    (Zero
                               Tolerance Campaign),                                                               ,
                                               ,                                   ,
                                                   .

                               •                                                                                        (Greening Operations)
              4.                                                   .                   ‘Castle Vale Community Environment Trust’
                                                                                                           .

                               •           ·           ·                                                                             ,                   ,
         5.          ·    ·
                                   ,

                               •                       /       , Vale FM,                                      (Castle Vale Repertory
     6.                        Entertainment Workshops)                                    ,   ,




     (3)                 HAT
                                                                                                   HAT
              HAT                                                                                                                                ,
                                                           .
                                                                                                                                .


              HAT
                         Castle Vale Community Housing Association (CVCHA),                                                          Merlin Venture
              Ltd(a Community Development Trust for Castle Vale),                                              Castle Vale Community Care
              Partnership (CVCCP),                         Castle Vale Community Fund,                            Castle Vale Credit Union,
                   Castle Vale Community Environmental Trust (CVCET),                                                   Tenants & Residents
              Alliance(TRA),       Castle Vale FM                                                      ([        3.4]           ).




28
[    3.8] HAT                                                                  (Voluntary group)               (Charitable
                organisation)        ‘Sanctuary’




         : Adam Monement(2005)


     [   3.4]



                                • 1997
     1. Castle Vale             •                              (Housing Association)        HAT                     2,000
     Community Housing                    • 16                                                TRA
     Association (CVCHA)        •                            70
                                • 2004    HAT               98%          (2%                       )

                                • TRA      HAT
                                •                ‘       ’(employment)    ‘         ’(training)•
     2. Merlin Venture          TRA
     Ltd (a Community           •
     Development Trust for                           .
     Castle Vale)               •                              : ‘Tiggy Winkles Day Nurse’ (           ), ‘Vale Scape’ (
                                    ), ‘Community Bus Service’(                ), ‘Tenant Decorator Service’(
                                      )

                                • 1999
     3. Castle Vale
                                • CVCCP          ‘Sanctuary’
     Community Care
     Partnership (CVCCP)
                                • CVCHA          ‘Sanctuary’




29
•
                                  • 74                                                                             (47,440             )
                                  •                                               :
                                  - Alarm Project:                                                                                 .
                                  - Pinnacle Sports:                                                               .
                                  - Health Visitor:               ,                                            .
     4. Castle Vale
                                  - Castle Vale Allotments:               (Rotavator)                                          .
     Community Fund
                                  - Youth Day:                                                .
                                  - Vale FM:                                                                           .
                                  - Birmingham Centre Swimming Club:                                                   .
                                  - Got What it Takes:                                                                             .
                                  - St Cuthberts:                                                      .
                                  - Chivenor School:

                                  •                                                                                                    .
                                  • HAT        ,        , Birmingham Credit Union Development Agency(BCUDA)
     5. Castle Vale Credit
                                           .
     Union(CVCU)
                                  • CVCU       281                        380                                          3
                                                         .

     6. Castle Vale
     Community
                                  • 1999            •                                              .
     Environmental Trust
     (CVCET)

                                  •                      30
     7. Tenants & Residents
                                  •
     Alliance(TRA)
                                  • HAT

     8. Castle Vale FM            •                           ,           ,                       , Vale Mail              ,
          : Castle Vale Housing Action Trust                          ·


                       HAT                                                                             (Castle Vale Community
          Housing Association)                                                                                                             .


               .


     1)
                                               8,000                          ·                                            ,
     Property Maintenance Team
                                                                                      .   6
     (             )
                                                                                              .

                                                                                                           ,
     Community Housing Team
                                                                                                                       Walk and Talk
     (                        )
                                                .




30
Income and Debt Recovery
                                      ,                                             .
     Team
                                                                                                                          .

     Older Persons Team                                                                 ,
     (            )                                    (Olders Persons Forum)                                 .


     2)
                                                                                         ,
     Community Safety Strategy                                                  .                                 ,
     (                    )
                                            Community Safety Forum                  .

                                  CVCHA
     Neighbourhood Warden Team                                   ,                            ,
     (            )                            .
                                                             .

                                      ,             CCTV                                                              ,
     Tenancy Enforcement Team
                                                                                                          .

     Vale Wath Team                             CVCHA,                                                ,
     (Vale            )                                          ,                                .

                                                                                                                          Youth
     Youth Team
                                  Council(               )
     (        )
                                               .




      Effectiveness

      Overall contract compliance                                     97%               97%               95%             K
      % of service-users that feel their participation has had                                        Impact monitoring
                                                                     75%                75%
      a positive impact upon their health                                                             under development

      % of sustained tenancies as a result of resident support
      service intervention
                                                                     85%                85%               100%            
      % of clients moving from worklessness into training,
      employment or volunteering
                                                                      50%               25%               20%             K
      % of resident issues dealt with via Reachout service            75%               75%               100%            
      % of young people achieving accredited qualification             10%               5%                    1%          K
      % of neighbourhood/agency outcomes met as a result of
      consultancy services
                                                                      75%               75%               100%            
      Overall Satisfaction with CVCRS services                        85%               85%               95%             



31
CVCHA                                                                                ,
                                                                        .
                                .                                                   3                                (1)
                   (2)                      (3)                                 .




                                    100            ,
                                    1000               (           )=               (950       )+
                                          (50              )


                                                CVCHA                                                CVCHA
                           Neighbourhood Partnership                                                     .


          Neighbourhood Partnership                                                           CVCHA           Merlin Venture
                            ,                                                                        .


                                                                                                   . CVCRS             ,
                                                               ,        (E ciency)                           (E ectiveness)
                                                   .


                                                       (1)                              (2)                    (3)             (4)
          Sanctuary(                       ) (5)       ,                                                                   .


          K

          

                                           ,                                                        ,




     IV.

     1)

                                                                            3
                       .
                                     . (Communities in control: real people, real power - White Paper                            )



32
3                                                  .



                                         2
     UnLtd                               level 1 500 - 5,000
                                         level 2 10,000 - 20,000

                                                                                       2,000
     Scarman                                                                   2,000
                                                 ,   ,          ,
     Asmee Fairbaim Foundation
     Lloyds/TSB Foundation               Lloyds/TSB Foundation




     Scottish Land Use Reform Fund       Scottish Land Use Reform Fund




     Natwest                             Natwest




     Triodos                             Triodos
     Unity                               Unity


     ICOF                                ICOF
     Prince’s Fund                       Prince’s Fund




     Adventure Capital Fund
     Future Builders                                                                           ,
     Venturesome Fund                    Charaties Aid Foundation


     Ethical share issues                Ethical share issues
     British Business Angels Association British Business Angels Association




     (1) the Office of the 3rdsector(OTS)
        2006      5     Cabinet O ce                                 3                   (OTS)
                            3                                                                      .




33
,                       ,           ,                                          3    5

                                                                                               .                             ,
                         ,                                                                             .


                                                       .
                  (1)
                  (2)
                  (3)                          ,           ,
                  (4)


                     3                     ,                                       3                                              .



                                                                       3
                  (cross-government action)                                                                .       3
                                                                   ,                       3
                                                                               .                   3
                                                                                                   .



                  OTS                                      (Adventure Capital Fund)                                      .
                                               (Futurebuilders programme)                                      ,
                                    (Social Investment Business)                                                       (Futurebuilders
                  England), Real help for Communites: Modernization Fund,                                                         (Social
                  enterprise Investment Fund)                                                  (Communitybuilder)
                         .




                                                               ,       ,                                                     5
               (Futurebuilders England)

               Real help for Communites:                                                                   3                     50
               Modernization Fund




5.                        , 3               (voluntary
     groups),             (Community Group),
       (social enterprises),     (Charities),
     (Cooperatives)                     : the Office of
     the 3rd Sector


34
,
                              (SEIF: Social
                                                                                                      5
     enterprise Investment Fund)
                                                                                                                  .
                                                      .



                                                                      ,           2           ,
                                                                                      1                   7   5
     (Communitybuilder)                                                                           ,                   5
                                                                                                      2
                                                                                          .



     (2) Adventure Capital Fund


        2002         12                  Adventure Capital Fund           3
        (Community Enterprise)                                                                                (Venture
        capitalist-style)                                     .
                     .




                 ,


                 ,
             .           ,        ,


        (Community enterprise)
                                                  2                                                   .                   ,
        ACF          9                                            .
                          ,                                                   .



                                                          .
                                  (Financial and social return)                                           .




35
.                                          5
                                                      75                              .
     Main Investment Fund                        .
                                    .
                                                                                      .

                                                                                                                            .       3
                                                                                                      .


                                        :                                                         .
       e Managed Workspace Fund                                                                           .


                                                                                                                        ,
                                                                                          .
                                                 ,                              .

                                                                                              .
       e Business Development
                                            ,5
     Fund
                                                                    .



                 (Support Pack)


                                                                                                                                .
     Business Development Grant
                                             5                                                .

                                                      .


                                  (1)                (Pre-o er support)Main Investment Fund
                                                                                    . ACF
                                                 ,                                                                  .


     Main Investment and Managed (2)                 (Post-o er support)
     Workspace                                                     .
                                             .


                                  (3)                         (Post-investment support)
                                                                                .                         1     2
                                                          ,
                                                 .



                                                                                                                                        .
                                    .


        •                                                     .                                           (company limited by
            guarantee),                      .            1                                                                     .


36
•                                         (                              ,           ,           )                       .
               •                                                                                                                                .
               •                                                                                                                                    .
                                                                                            .
                               .
               •                                                                    .
               •                                             .
                                                                   .
                                                             ,
                   .                                                                                                        .
                                                         (Number)                                       .
               •                                                                                            .
                                             .
               •                                                                                                                .
               •                1                                                                                   .


                                                                                                                                .
               •                             (Community                         Anchor)6
               •
               •
               •
               •


             (3) Communitybuilders Programme
                                                                 2009           6                                                   .       3
                       Communities and Local Government                                                                                                 7
                           (   1200              )                                                                  .


                                                                 2003                           ,           5
                   . 2008           10                            Community & local Government                          3
                               , Community Control
                                         .

6.                             (Community Anchor)
     4                 .
     -                                               ,                  .
     -                                                                      .
     -
         .
     -                                               .


37
ACF                                                            ,                             (Communty
                  Alliance)7                          ACF                                              .



                  •                                                              .
                                                                                                                  ,
                                                                                         .
                          (Coinstreet)                (Canmore)                                    .


                  •                          (1)               (2)                               (3)
                            .


                  •                                                                                                   .
                                                           1        1
                            ,                                                                                         .
                                                                            (Social Return Investment)
                                                                    ,                                      .


                                                  .


                  • Communitybuilders                                                        .
                                                                             .
                      -                                         .
                      -                                                 ,
                                     .
                      -
                                              .
                      -                                                                            .
                      -                                                                            .
                      -
                                                       .
                      -                                                              .




7.                      BASSAC((British Association of
     Settlements and Social Action Centres) Community
     Matters    the DTA               .
              ,                                      .
     http://www.comm-alliance.org/


38
2)

     (1) DTA(Development Trust Association)
                                        (DTA: Development Trust Association)                                 ,        ,
                                                          ,         466                                               .


     (1)                   (Development Trust) ?


                 (1)                    (2)                     ,
           (3)                          (4)                   (5)


                       .




                               .



                 ,         ,
                                   .


                                                                                            ,
                       ,                                                                                 (Community
           Anchor)         .                                                                         .


           DT                                         .
           •                             ,        ,                        .
           •                                                                            .
           •                                                                   .
           •                                  ,                                                                  .


     (2) DTA                        ?
           Development Trusts Association(DTA)                                     DT                            DT
                                                                                                                          .
           DT                                                                                            .



           •                       466            DT                2009           5%           43



39
.                                 (Emerging)             (Fullmember)
                       (Associate member)                      .


                   •                          (1)                                                  (2)           ,
                                                                                .                                         DTA
                             ‘                               (Early warning guide)’
                                          ,                            (Healthcheck)8                        .


                   • DTA(Development Trusts Association)                            DTA                          202
                                      .                                             ,      ,             ,                    ,               ,
                                                               , 10                                                                   .


                             :            2 7 5                                 1 3 6
                   -       DT                           2     7 5                         , 2009                          5
                                                    .                                                                             .
                                                                                    60%                               ,               40%
                           29%                                     .


                   -                                                   36%          10                               , 46%        10-50
                                                            , 18%       1                                                 .
                                                   DT
                             .




             [ :                 DT            ]


                   -         DT                                    23%                              .
                                                                                           .


                   -                                                                                                                      ,


8. DTA         (healthcheck)          ‘                        (early
   warning guide)' DTA                                        .


40
3                                                                                .
                                                                                                         .
                     .         ,                                                                                                     4%
                  2009   40%                                                                 ,               ,
                                                                 56%                                             . DTA
                                   ‘        ’                                                        .


     -                                                                   .


                                                 ,               ,                   ,           ,


                                                            ,                ,
                                                         (76%)                                                       (overdraft facility, 39%),
                                         (31%)


                                       :5 6 5
     -                                                                                                                                            .
                   2/3                                                           .
                                                     48%                     .
              12%                                                                ,
                                                                                 .


     -                   63%
                               5 6 5                                                     ,                                        15%
          .                                              10%                 120                                         .
                     2007 Quirk Review                                                                       Quirk Review
                                                                             .


     -                                                                       (Examples of assets taken over for new
         community purposes)                                                                     ,                               ,          ,         ,
              ,            ,                         ,               ,                                           ,                   ,            ,
                     .




41
-               18%             1                                   .                        (1)
                                                                                                                 (2008
                      5%, 2009    15%)      (2)                              (Community Assets Programme)
                                                  (Advancing Assets for Communities Programme)
                                  9                   .
                                                                                              .
                                                          .
                                                                     (2008     5%, 2009       15%).




                                 1/4




                  - DT                                                                                               .
                      1          DT    9                                          ,
                                                                                                                         .
                                       DT         8                                       .



9.                        (Community Assets Programme)        The Asset Transfer Unit(ATU)
          3                                                   ATU
     DTA               .                                                              3
     (Advancing Assets for Communities Programme)             2009    4               . ATU       DTA   Community Matters
                                        DTA 72
                    .                                         (Community and Local                       .
                                                                             www.atu.org.uk



42
DT                                                                                 .
     -                                                                                                      ·
                                       .
                      ,               DT
                                                                                                    .


     -        ,               ,            ,           ,        ,           ,           ·
                  .                   DT
          ,                                                                                             .



                          ,                            ,                            ,
                                  ,                         ,                   ,               ,
                          ,                    ,                        ,   (van)
                                  ,                ,                ,
                                      (maternity centre),                   ,               ,
                                  ,                     ,




43
-        20%       DT                             (A ordable housing)                                                     40%
                                                                             .


                - DT                                                                             .
                                              (Management committee)                                                              ,
                                                                                                                         DT
                                    .                                                                        ,       ,
                                                                     .


                -                  DTA
                                                                                                                                      .


                5400                    16,000                                     DT                        .
                -                         DT
                                                                 . 60%           DT      5                                                           ,
                         DT                                              .                                                                           .
                                   20%            15                                         .10


                -        1              1/5                       DT                                         ,
                         25%                           .


                - DT                                                                                 .
                                                       Trustee                                                                .
                    16,000                                 DT                                        .                                          10
                                                                                 , 12%               DT                  40
                                              .
                                                                                   .                                                             6%
                               .                                                                         .




                - DT                                                                         ,                                                       ,
                    DT                                                                                           .



10. DTA
          .                                                DTA
                                              .
                ,
                                                  .
              www.communityallowance.org



44
- DTA                      (Healthcheck)11
                                                .                 5                        2/3                    DTA
                              ,                      90%                                              .
                                                             ,        48%
                       .


                 - DT
                              (17%), (                                                 )                  (Social audit)
                     (11%)                  .


                 -                    10%           DT                                                            (Practical
                     Quality Assuarance System for Small Organisations) , 6%                                (Matrix)
                       , 3%           ISO 9001                        ,                              (Customer First)
                                                         .


                 -                                                                                                 .
                           DTA                                                        (Knowledge and Skills small grants
                     programme)                                       ,     DTA 100
                           (Community Alliance)                                             .


  DTA                  (Cultivating enterprise)

     DTA                          (Cultivating Enterprise programme)                  DT
                                                             .


                                                                                                 .
                                                             DT
                                      .
                                  .


                                                .
     •
     • SFEDI12
     •
     •
     • DTA


11. DTA          DTA                                     .            12. SFEDI
                                                                                  .



45
•1   :                                                     (www.dta.org.uk/ideas)
     •2   :                                                                                        .
              (Case Manager)                                                                            .
                                                                        ,                                    .
     •3   :
                    .
     •4   :                          DTA                (Enterprise Team)                                            3
                                                                   .
                  (1)
                  (2)
                  (3)
     •5   :                                                                                    ,                 .


                                                   .




              V.

                                 2                                                                                           3


                                       ,       ,            ,                   .
                                                                                    (Development trust)                          ,
                                       .
                             .


              1)

              ‘         ’
                                           ‘                    (Area-based)                           HAT
                                                                            .
                                                       ,‘                           ’                                        Housing
                    Action Trust(HAT)                                                                                                .
                                                                                                                         .
                            HAT
                                                                    .


                                                                        HAT



46
.
                                        ,
                                             .                                 ,
                                                                                                   HAT                                .


                                                                       ‘       ’       ‘                   ’


          (Board)                                                                                                         .
                HAT                                                ,                                   ,
                                                                                       . HAT                                  ,
                                 ‘Coin Street Action Group’                                                    CSCB


                                                                                   .


                                                                           .
                                                                   ·
                                                                                                                      .


     2)

                     ‘   ’                             ‘       ’


                                                                                                           .                      [
          3.4]                          CVCHA(Castle Vale Community Housing Association)
                                                                                           ,       ,              ,
            ,        ,       ,      ·         ,            ,                                                                          ,
                 ,                       . HAT
                                                   .


                             .



                                                  Coin Street Action Group’                                       CSCB        ‘
                 ’                                                                                     .
                                                                                                                , CSCB
                                                                       .
                                                                                               ,




47
.


                 .


                                                                ‘                                            ’
                                                                     ,
                                                                .
             -       -       -                                                                                       .
                                                                                 HAT
             ,                                                                                                               .
                                 ,


                         .
                                                        .


                                                            .                                ‘                   ’(CSCB)
                                                                             .                                                   (Housing
     co-operatives), Coin Street Centre Trust, CSCB
     South Bank Management Service Ltd.                                                                                                 ·



                                     .                              CSCB                             4
                                                                                     .
                                                                                         .


                     .


         /                                    ‘      ’(Capacity building)                        ‘           ’


                         .                                                               ,               ,                          (
                                                                                 )                               .


     (CSCB)                              ([   3.1]      )
                                                                         ,
                                                                         .
       CSCB                      Iain Tuckett                                                                            .




48
[    4.1]




         : HIP Research


                                  HAT
                                                                                         .
                                                                    ,            ,           ,
                                                                .
                                                           .
                                                                             .


                   ,
                                          .


                                                  . 1984            ‘Coin Street Action
         Group’     13
                       ,                                                                     ,


                                      .
                                      .


                           ‘                  ’
                                                                             CVCHA
                                                       (       70       ).
                               CSCB                                 ·                ·


49
영국 Dta
영국 Dta
영국 Dta
영국 Dta

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영국 Dta

  • 1.
  • 2. I. 1) , / / . , , , , , / . . 2) ‘ ’ ‘ ’ . 1 , , 2 12 .3 (HAT) (Coin Street Community Builders) ‘ ’ .4 . II. 1) (1) 1997 1997 . 1997 (Southwark) (Aylesbury Estate) (Leunig & Swa eld, 2007) . . , ‘ · ’, ‘ ’ , ,‘ ’ ‘ ’ , ,‘ ’(local), ‘ 2
  • 3. ’(region), ‘ ’(national) , ,‘ ’ ‘ ’(democratic renewal) , ‘ ’, ‘ ’ (ODPM, 2006). · , , ([ 2.1]). 2) 1997 . 10 . [ 2.1] 1997 • • - New Deal for Communities • National Strategy for Neighbourhood - Education Action Zones-Sure Start Renewal (1998) - Neighbourhood Renewal Fund - New Start - Employment Zones - Health Action Zones • A Towards Urban • Richard Rogers Urban Task Force Renaissance(DETR, 1999) • • Our Towns and Cities: Delivering an • · · Urban Renaissance (DETR, 2000) • Urban Renaissance • Bring Britain Together (SEU, 2001) • National Neighbourhood Renewal Strategy • • e Sustainable Communities(2003) • , , • • • Making it Happen: e Northern • 290 Way(ODPM, 2004) • • Planning and Compulsory Purchase • Act (ODPM, 2004) • UDP Local Plan Local Development Frameworks • Structure Plan Regional Spatial Strategy • (Skill) • Egan Review(2004) • National Centre for Sustainable Community Skills 3
  • 4. • Sustainable Communities: Homes for • , , All (ODPM, 2005) , 5 • • Sustainable Communities: People, 5 Places and Prosperity(ODPM, 2005) • • State of English Cities(ODPM, • 56 ( 125,000 ) 12 2006) • . 1998 ‘Bring Britain Together: National Strategy for Neighbourhood Renewal’ 1997 ([ 2.1]). 60 90 ‘Urban Programme’, ‘Urban Development Corporations’, ‘Task Force’, ‘Single Regeneration Budget’ , , , , (Social Exclusion Unit-SEU, 1998). ‘ ’(Social Exclusion Unit) 5 18 10 ‘ ’(National Strategy for Neighbourhood Renewal) ([ 2.2]). , , , , , . (SEU, 1998). [ 2.2] 5 18 ( : : ) 5 18 DE DF DC MA SEU TR HTM HO EE DTI DH DSS MS FF CO • 1. (job) 2. (skills) (getting the people to work) 3. (business) 4. (neighbourhood management) 5. (housing management) 6. (neighbourhood wardens) • (getting the 7. (unpopular housing) place to work) 8. (anti-social behaviour) 9. (community self-help) 10. (arts and sports) 4
  • 5. 11. (schools and plus) (a future for young people) 12. (young people) : ‘Bring Britain Together: A National Strategy for Neighbourhood Renewal’ (SEU, 1998) . SEU:Social Exclusion Unit, DETR:Departement of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, HMT: Her Majesty’s Treasury, HO:Home Office, DfEE:Department for Education and Employment, DTI:Department of Trade and Industry, DH:Department of Health, DSS:Departement of Social Security, DCMS;Department for Culture, Media and Sport, MAFF:Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, CO:Cabinet Office 1997 (Area-based approach) , · ‘ ’ , , , , (Voluntary sectors) .[ 2.1] 1998 ‘ ’(National Strategy for Neighbourhood Renewal) ‘Health Action Zones’, ‘Employment Zones‘, ‘Education Action Zones’ ‘ ’ . [ 2.1] 1980 2000 5
  • 6. : The Contradiction of Urban Policy: the case of the Single Regeneration Budget in London (Ball, 2004) : 1997 ( ) 1997 ODPM(Office for Deputy Prime Minister) ‘ ’ (Social Exclusion Unit) . ‘Local Strategic Partnerships’ , , , ‘Local Neighbourhood Renewal Strategies’ . , ‘New Deal for Communities’(NDC) ‘ ’ , , , . NDC 10 £20 . ( ) (ODPM, 2004). , , , 23 NDC 10 £40m-£60m (ODPM, 2004)([ 2.2]). [ 2.2] New Deals for Communities : Making it happen: The Northern Way (ODPM, 2004) 6
  • 7. 1999 (Urban Regeneration Companies-URCs) . (Regional Development Agencies), (local authorities) (English Partnerships) (ODPM, 2004). , . , , 12 . Walsall (ODPM, 2004)([ 2.3]). [ 2.3] : Making it happen: The Northern Way (ODPM, 2004) (Sustainable Community) . 2003 ‘Sustainable Community Plan’, 2004 ‘Making it Happen: e Northern Way’, 2005 ‘Sustainable Communities: Homes for All‘, ‘Sustainable Communities:People, Places and Prosperity’ . 2006 ‘State of e English Cities’ . 7
  • 8. 125,000 56 (Primary Urban Area) 12 1 . 12 . , . , , , (ODPM, 2006). ( ) : 3) (1) (Single Regeneration Budget) (1997 ) 1994 2004 6 . 1997 , 5 · . 1. London, Manchester, Birmingham, Britsol, Cambridge, Derby, Burnley, Leicester, Leeds, Sunderland, Sheffield, Medway 8
  • 9. . . 5 200 . • 6 , (Bidding) . •5 (Area-Based Initiative) . (Indices of Deprivation)2 . • ‘ ’ , 10 1 , 0.59 . . . (2) (NRF, Neighbourhood Renewal Fund) • 1997 , (Neighbourhood Renewal Unit) 88 . • 2001 2006 19 ( 3 8 ) , 2007 5 2500 ( 1 500 ) . Working Neighbourhood Renewal Fund . • (Indices of Deprivation) . , (RDA) . • , , , , , . 2. (Indices of Local Deprivation) , 9
  • 10. , , , (LSP: Local Strategy Partnership) . NRF LSP . , . (3) (CEF: Community Empowerment Fund) • . . . • 2003 3 , 36 ( 7 ) (Community Empowerment Network) 88 . • 2004 (Community Chest), (Community Learning Chest) . 10
  • 11. (NRF) , . , . , . , . CEF Self-help , . • . • . , , . (LSP) . CENs (GO Government O ce) . CENs . (4) (BIG Big Lottery Fund) . , (BIG) New Opproturnity national lottery fund . 11
  • 12. [ ] Big Lottery Fund , 2014 £300 - £1000 Awards for All England £300- £10,000 Awards for All Northern £500 - £10,000. Ireland , , Awards for All Scotland £500 - £10,000 Awards for All Wales £500 - £5,000 £10,000,000 Building Change Trust (10 ) . Changing Spaces: £10,000- £450,000 Community Spaces Changing Spaces: Community Sustainable £5,000- £50,000 Energy Programme Changing Spaces: £20,000- £250,000 Ecominds Community Asset £300,000- £800,000 Transfer . New Opportunities , Fair Share Fare Share £5,000 - £250,000 77 2 Heroes Return £150 - £5,500 Investing In Ideas £500 - £10,000 Like Skills Project £14,000,000 , , 12
  • 13. People and Places £5,001 - £1,000,000 People and Places: Addressing the economic £2,000,000 downturn in Wales Reaching Communities: , £10,000 - £500,000 England 25 Young Peoples’ Fund £500 - £2,500 4) (1) Housing Action Trust (HAT) , , Housing Action Trust(HAT) (Department of the Environment) [Housing: e Government’s Proposal] 1988 Housing Act . HAT , , , 4 . HAT . (English Partnership, Homes & Community Agency ) HAT , . HAT 1988 Housing Act (Local authorities) . HAT (Non Departmental Public Body, Quango(Quasi Non-Governmental Organisation) , . HAT (Board) , (Deputy prime minister) . 1988 Housing Act 6 HAT ( 2.3] ). (2) (Local Strategy Partnership) . , , , . 13
  • 14. . • (LAAs: Local Area Agreements) . (LAA)3 , . 3. (LAA) . , , . (1) . (2) (3) . (4) . (5) . 14
  • 15. [ 2.3] HAT HAT (£) North Hull HAT 1991 - 1999 3 5 - - Waltham Forest 1 6 2002 4 - - HAT( ) • 1960 1970 • ( ) Tower Hamlets 1 2 3 • 1,000 , 1995 - 2004 6 (Index of Local HAT( ) 150 Deprivation, 2000) • Tower Hamlets 3 • 34 • 2,275 , 32 • 9,000 60 Castle Vale HAT 1993 - 2005 3 3 • 1,464 , 1333 ( ) • 3,786 30 . • 1,461 • 67 5,332 HAT . Liverpool HAT 1993 -2005 9 3 • 1996 - 54 13 Stonebridge HAT 1994 - 2007 8 - - - ( ) : Housign Policy (Balchin, 1995) English Partnerships 6 HAT III. 1) (1) (Waterloo Bridge) (Blackfriars Bridge) (South Bank) . . , , , 1970 ‘ ’(Greater London Council)( Greater London Authority:GLA ) . , 15
  • 16. . , ‘Coin Street Action Group’ . , Coin Street Action Group . ‘Coin Street Community Builder’(CSCB) . CSCB . CSCB 1984 13 . (Mulberry) (Gabriel’s Wharf )(1988), , (Palm)(1994), (Oxo Tower)(1995), (Iroko) 59 (2001) . CSCB . [ 3.1] 1987 , ( ) ( ) : Lain Tuckett (1988) 16
  • 17. : Waterloo Community Development Group (2) ‘Coin Street Community Builders’(CSCB) CSCB 1984 ‘Coin Street Action Group’ . 13 , ‘ ’(Social Enterprize) . CSCB CSCB (Board) , . , . CSCB , 1987 ‘Coin Street Secondary Housing Co-operative’(CSS) . (Housing Corporation) (Housing Association) , CSS . CSS , , . CSCB , 17
  • 18. . CSCB . [ 3.2] (1979) : Iain Tuckett (1988) CSCB ‘Coin Street Secondary Housing Co-operative’ ‘Coin Street Centre Trust’ . . (Housing co-operatives) : ‘ ’(South Bank) . , 18
  • 19. . . CSCB Coin Street Secondary Housing Co-operative Coin Street Secondary Housing Co-operative (3) CSCB CSCB 13 . (co-operative homes)4 , , , , , , , , , , , , . [ 3.1] CSCB ‘South Bank Management Service Ltd’ (CSCB ) , OXO Tower, Gabriel’s Wharf, Bernie Spain Gardens, . CSCB , , , , CSCB , , , (quantity surveyor) . 4. (Coin Street) 4 Housing Co-operatives Iroko, Mulberry, Palm, Redwood . 19
  • 20. [ 3.1] • 1988 • Gabriel’s Wharf • , , • OXO Tower • 1997 • (Flat) (Maisonettes) 59 Iroko Housing 32 Co-operative • . • 56 •1 4 . Mulberry Housing • (2 Co-operative ) • 1990 . • 1994 • 27 (10 ,5 2 , Palm Housing 10 1 ) Co-operative • • (eg. RIBA National Housing Design Award 1995) • 1995 Redwood Housing • 78 (OXO Tower ) Co-operative • 1 2 20
  • 21. • 1996 • CBCS • OXO Beef Cube (Liebig Extract of Meat Company) • 1930 1970 OXO Tower • 1990 CSCB .2 . • , CSCB , , (Housing Corporation) . • , , . , • • CSCB , , , Coin Street • , , , Neighbourhood , Centre , • (London Development Agency), (Single Regeneration Budget), (Government Children Programme) . • 1980 Public Park • , , (Bernie Spain Gardens) • CSCB . • • CSCB Bernie Spain Garden Riverside Walkways • , , 21
  • 22. • 2005 • CSCB (social enterprise) (charity) • , , • , , , • (Lambeth) Colombo Street (Southwark) Community & • 50 Sports Centre (London Marathan Charitable Trust), e Big Lottery, (CSSC) 106 , (Single Regneration Fund) . •4 (Pitch) . • CSCB . • . • CSCB CSSC ‘ ’(Healthy Living Programme) . : Coin Street Home Page OXO Tower CSCB ‘OXO Tower’ , , , . CSCB ( ) OXO Tower CSCB . CSCB OXO Tower ‘ ’ · ‘ ’ . Coin Street Neighbourhood Centre CSCB 2006 / , . , , 9 4 , CSCB (5 11 ), (Single Regneration Budget)(2 5 ), (London Development Agency)(1 5 ), SureStart Programme(74 ) . , , , CSCB . 22
  • 23. [ 3.3] (CSCB) : (2009) [ 3.4] Coin Street Neighbourhood Centre : Coin Street Community Builder (2006) (4) CSCB CSCB . • - CSCB (housing co-operatives) ‘Coin Street Centre Trust’ - : Lambeth, Southwark - : , (Lodon Development Agency) - : Cabinet O ce, Department for Children Schools and Families 23
  • 24. - (South Bank) (Bankside) : Development Trust Association, Social Enterprise Coalition, Social Enterprise London, South Bank Employers’ Group - : City of Londo School for Boys, Colombo Street Community & Sport Centre, Guy’s & St omas’ NHS Foundation, e ames Festival Trust 2) (1) Castle Vale • 1964-1969 (Castle Bromwich Air eld) . (Clearance Programme) , 30 . • (Birmingham City Council) , 1988 Housing Act Housing Action Trust(HAT) . (75% ) HAT . • HAT · · . • 34 , , 27 (Mezzonet), 2,700 , (Radburn) , . • · 50% , , ( ) ( 55% , 44% ), ( , , , , ) . Housing Action Trust (HAT) • · · HAT . 24
  • 25. [ 3.5] : www.cvcha.co.uk [ 3.6] HAT : Adam Monement (2005) • HAT (Board) 10 , (O ce for Deputy Prime Minister:ODPM DCLG ) . 3 4 , 3 . Tenants and Resident Alliance(TRA) Castle Vale Community Housing Association(CVCHA) 2 , . • 1999 6 , HAT 3 25
  • 26. , . • 4 (Housing), (Development), (Economic & Community Development), (Finance) (Corporate Team) , . [ 3.7] : Adam Monement(2005) (2) HAT HAT , , . 2,275 32 1,464 1,333 . (Eden Court Medical Practice), 3 5 (Sainsbury) 400 , ,3 4 44 · , (Healthy Living Centre: Santuray) , , . 26
  • 27. [ 3.2]HAT Castle Vale : Castle Vale Housing Action Trust(2004) HAT ‘ ’ ‘ ’ . 55% 8% . . (Training programme) , , , . Sainsbury ( Jaguar ) . HAT (1993-2005) 1,461 3,415 . (6.9%) 7.4%(2004) . HAT · · . HAT . HAT ‘ ’ (Multi Agency Approach) . (Empowerment) , , , · · , . 27
  • 28. [ 3.3] • HAT 1. . • HAT • , , 5 . 2005 HAT 2. • Health Village, , · , , , , • HAT (Anti- Social behaviour orders) • , CCTV , · , , 3. (Community Action Tackling Crime and Harrassment), (Zero Tolerance Campaign), , , , . • (Greening Operations) 4. . ‘Castle Vale Community Environment Trust’ . • · · , , 5. · · , • / , Vale FM, (Castle Vale Repertory 6. Entertainment Workshops) , , (3) HAT HAT HAT , . . HAT Castle Vale Community Housing Association (CVCHA), Merlin Venture Ltd(a Community Development Trust for Castle Vale), Castle Vale Community Care Partnership (CVCCP), Castle Vale Community Fund, Castle Vale Credit Union, Castle Vale Community Environmental Trust (CVCET), Tenants & Residents Alliance(TRA), Castle Vale FM ([ 3.4] ). 28
  • 29. [ 3.8] HAT (Voluntary group) (Charitable organisation) ‘Sanctuary’ : Adam Monement(2005) [ 3.4] • 1997 1. Castle Vale • (Housing Association) HAT 2,000 Community Housing • 16 TRA Association (CVCHA) • 70 • 2004 HAT 98% (2% ) • TRA HAT • ‘ ’(employment) ‘ ’(training)• 2. Merlin Venture TRA Ltd (a Community • Development Trust for . Castle Vale) • : ‘Tiggy Winkles Day Nurse’ ( ), ‘Vale Scape’ ( ), ‘Community Bus Service’( ), ‘Tenant Decorator Service’( ) • 1999 3. Castle Vale • CVCCP ‘Sanctuary’ Community Care Partnership (CVCCP) • CVCHA ‘Sanctuary’ 29
  • 30. • 74 (47,440 ) • : - Alarm Project: . - Pinnacle Sports: . - Health Visitor: , . 4. Castle Vale - Castle Vale Allotments: (Rotavator) . Community Fund - Youth Day: . - Vale FM: . - Birmingham Centre Swimming Club: . - Got What it Takes: . - St Cuthberts: . - Chivenor School: • . • HAT , , Birmingham Credit Union Development Agency(BCUDA) 5. Castle Vale Credit . Union(CVCU) • CVCU 281 380 3 . 6. Castle Vale Community • 1999 • . Environmental Trust (CVCET) • 30 7. Tenants & Residents • Alliance(TRA) • HAT 8. Castle Vale FM • , , , Vale Mail , : Castle Vale Housing Action Trust · HAT (Castle Vale Community Housing Association) . . 1) 8,000 · , Property Maintenance Team . 6 ( ) . , Community Housing Team Walk and Talk ( ) . 30
  • 31. Income and Debt Recovery , . Team . Older Persons Team , ( ) (Olders Persons Forum) . 2) , Community Safety Strategy . , ( ) Community Safety Forum . CVCHA Neighbourhood Warden Team , , ( ) . . , CCTV , Tenancy Enforcement Team . Vale Wath Team CVCHA, , (Vale ) , . Youth Youth Team Council( ) ( ) . Effectiveness Overall contract compliance 97% 97% 95% K % of service-users that feel their participation has had Impact monitoring 75% 75% a positive impact upon their health under development % of sustained tenancies as a result of resident support service intervention 85% 85% 100%  % of clients moving from worklessness into training, employment or volunteering 50% 25% 20% K % of resident issues dealt with via Reachout service 75% 75% 100%  % of young people achieving accredited qualification 10% 5% 1% K % of neighbourhood/agency outcomes met as a result of consultancy services 75% 75% 100%  Overall Satisfaction with CVCRS services 85% 85% 95%  31
  • 32. CVCHA , . . 3 (1) (2) (3) . 100 , 1000 ( )= (950 )+ (50 ) CVCHA CVCHA Neighbourhood Partnership . Neighbourhood Partnership CVCHA Merlin Venture , . . CVCRS , , (E ciency) (E ectiveness) . (1) (2) (3) (4) Sanctuary( ) (5) , . K   , , IV. 1) 3 . . (Communities in control: real people, real power - White Paper ) 32
  • 33. 3 . 2 UnLtd level 1 500 - 5,000 level 2 10,000 - 20,000 2,000 Scarman 2,000 , , , Asmee Fairbaim Foundation Lloyds/TSB Foundation Lloyds/TSB Foundation Scottish Land Use Reform Fund Scottish Land Use Reform Fund Natwest Natwest Triodos Triodos Unity Unity ICOF ICOF Prince’s Fund Prince’s Fund Adventure Capital Fund Future Builders , Venturesome Fund Charaties Aid Foundation Ethical share issues Ethical share issues British Business Angels Association British Business Angels Association (1) the Office of the 3rdsector(OTS) 2006 5 Cabinet O ce 3 (OTS) 3 . 33
  • 34. , , , 3 5 . , , . . (1) (2) (3) , , (4) 3 , 3 . 3 (cross-government action) . 3 , 3 . 3 . OTS (Adventure Capital Fund) . (Futurebuilders programme) , (Social Investment Business) (Futurebuilders England), Real help for Communites: Modernization Fund, (Social enterprise Investment Fund) (Communitybuilder) . , , 5 (Futurebuilders England) Real help for Communites: 3 50 Modernization Fund 5. , 3 (voluntary groups), (Community Group), (social enterprises), (Charities), (Cooperatives) : the Office of the 3rd Sector 34
  • 35. , (SEIF: Social 5 enterprise Investment Fund) . . , 2 , 1 7 5 (Communitybuilder) , 5 2 . (2) Adventure Capital Fund 2002 12 Adventure Capital Fund 3 (Community Enterprise) (Venture capitalist-style) . . , , . , , (Community enterprise) 2 . , ACF 9 . , . . (Financial and social return) . 35
  • 36. . 5 75 . Main Investment Fund . . . . 3 . : . e Managed Workspace Fund . , . , . . e Business Development ,5 Fund . (Support Pack) . Business Development Grant 5 . . (1) (Pre-o er support)Main Investment Fund . ACF , . Main Investment and Managed (2) (Post-o er support) Workspace . . (3) (Post-investment support) . 1 2 , . . . • . (company limited by guarantee), . 1 . 36
  • 37. ( , , ) . • . • . . . • . • . . , . . (Number) . • . . • . • 1 . . • (Community Anchor)6 • • • • (3) Communitybuilders Programme 2009 6 . 3 Communities and Local Government 7 ( 1200 ) . 2003 , 5 . 2008 10 Community & local Government 3 , Community Control . 6. (Community Anchor) 4 . - , . - . - . - . 37
  • 38. ACF , (Communty Alliance)7 ACF . • . , . (Coinstreet) (Canmore) . • (1) (2) (3) . • . 1 1 , . (Social Return Investment) , . . • Communitybuilders . . - . - , . - . - . - . - . - . 7. BASSAC((British Association of Settlements and Social Action Centres) Community Matters the DTA . , . http://www.comm-alliance.org/ 38
  • 39. 2) (1) DTA(Development Trust Association) (DTA: Development Trust Association) , , , 466 . (1) (Development Trust) ? (1) (2) , (3) (4) (5) . . , , . , , (Community Anchor) . . DT . • , , . • . • . • , . (2) DTA ? Development Trusts Association(DTA) DT DT . DT . • 466 DT 2009 5% 43 39
  • 40. . (Emerging) (Fullmember) (Associate member) . • (1) (2) , . DTA ‘ (Early warning guide)’ , (Healthcheck)8 . • DTA(Development Trusts Association) DTA 202 . , , , , , , 10 . : 2 7 5 1 3 6 - DT 2 7 5 , 2009 5 . . 60% , 40% 29% . - 36% 10 , 46% 10-50 , 18% 1 . DT . [ : DT ] - DT 23% . . - , 8. DTA (healthcheck) ‘ (early warning guide)' DTA . 40
  • 41. 3 . . . , 4% 2009 40% , , 56% . DTA ‘ ’ . - . , , , , , , (76%) (overdraft facility, 39%), (31%) :5 6 5 - . 2/3 . 48% . 12% , . - 63% 5 6 5 , 15% . 10% 120 . 2007 Quirk Review Quirk Review . - (Examples of assets taken over for new community purposes) , , , , , , , , , , , . 41
  • 42. - 18% 1 . (1) (2008 5%, 2009 15%) (2) (Community Assets Programme) (Advancing Assets for Communities Programme) 9 . . . (2008 5%, 2009 15%). 1/4 - DT . 1 DT 9 , . DT 8 . 9. (Community Assets Programme) The Asset Transfer Unit(ATU) 3 ATU DTA . 3 (Advancing Assets for Communities Programme) 2009 4 . ATU DTA Community Matters DTA 72 . (Community and Local . www.atu.org.uk 42
  • 43. DT . - · . , DT . - , , , , , , · . DT , . , , , , , , , , , , (van) , , , (maternity centre), , , , , 43
  • 44. - 20% DT (A ordable housing) 40% . - DT . (Management committee) , DT . , , . - DTA . 5400 16,000 DT . - DT . 60% DT 5 , DT . . 20% 15 .10 - 1 1/5 DT , 25% . - DT . Trustee . 16,000 DT . 10 , 12% DT 40 . . 6% . . - DT , , DT . 10. DTA . DTA . , . www.communityallowance.org 44
  • 45. - DTA (Healthcheck)11 . 5 2/3 DTA , 90% . , 48% . - DT (17%), ( ) (Social audit) (11%) . - 10% DT (Practical Quality Assuarance System for Small Organisations) , 6% (Matrix) , 3% ISO 9001 , (Customer First) . - . DTA (Knowledge and Skills small grants programme) , DTA 100 (Community Alliance) . DTA (Cultivating enterprise) DTA (Cultivating Enterprise programme) DT . . DT . . . • • SFEDI12 • • • DTA 11. DTA DTA . 12. SFEDI . 45
  • 46. •1 : (www.dta.org.uk/ideas) •2 : . (Case Manager) . , . •3 : . •4 : DTA (Enterprise Team) 3 . (1) (2) (3) •5 : , . . V. 2 3 , , , . (Development trust) , . . 1) ‘ ’ ‘ (Area-based) HAT . ,‘ ’ Housing Action Trust(HAT) . . HAT . HAT 46
  • 47. . , . , HAT . ‘ ’ ‘ ’ (Board) . HAT , , . HAT , ‘Coin Street Action Group’ CSCB . . · . 2) ‘ ’ ‘ ’ . [ 3.4] CVCHA(Castle Vale Community Housing Association) , , , , , , · , , , , . HAT . . Coin Street Action Group’ CSCB ‘ ’ . , CSCB . , 47
  • 48. . . ‘ ’ , . - - - . HAT , . , . . . ‘ ’(CSCB) . (Housing co-operatives), Coin Street Centre Trust, CSCB South Bank Management Service Ltd. · . CSCB 4 . . . / ‘ ’(Capacity building) ‘ ’ . , , ( ) . (CSCB) ([ 3.1] ) , . CSCB Iain Tuckett . 48
  • 49. [ 4.1] : HIP Research HAT . , , , . . . , . . 1984 ‘Coin Street Action Group’ 13 , , . . ‘ ’ CVCHA ( 70 ). CSCB · · 49