DSCE_GWU_3D PRINTING TYPES APPLICATIONS APPLICATION

Additive
Manufacturing
3D Printing for Prototyping and Manufacturing
MR.R.IMMANUAL
CTO,PEZRAY TECHNOLOGIES.
AP/MECH, SRI RAMAKRISHNA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
11-02-2024 PEZRAY TECHNOLOGIES 1

Term of Reference (Introduction
of AM)
3D Printing ( Stereolithography)
Additive manufacturing (Additive Layer Manufacturing [ALM],
Additive digital Manufacturing [ADM] )
Layer Manufacturing (Layer based Manufacturing, Layer oriented
manufacturing)
Solid freeform fabrication
Digital Manufacturing (Digital Mockup)
Rapid Prototyping ( Tooling/Manufacturing)
Key words

3D Printing

Additive manufacturing
“Additive manufacturing” refers to the layer by layer
fabrication of three dimensional physical models
directly from computer aided design (CAD). It is an
automatic process of manufacturing objects( parts,
prototypes, tools and even assemblies) directly from
their CAD models without any cutters, tools or
fixtures specific to the object geometry.
Pre-process(tessellate, slice,
support)
Build part ( additive /
stacking)
Post process
(break support , finish)

directly from their CAD models without any cutters, tools or fixtures specific to
the object geometry.
Need 3 Jaw chuck with 6 mm drill bit Need 4 Jaw chuck with 8 mm drill bit

Digital Manufacturing
DM are the set of technologies those can reduce the product development time and cost as
well as capable of addressing the need for customization, increased product quality, and
faster response to the market.
A Manufacturing technology can called as Digital manufacturing if it is centered around a
computer system.
AM technologies fulfill this criterion.
Generic method of Additive Manufacturing (Liou,2008)
Preparation of CAD file
( Solid modelling ,
Digitizing/Scanning) Generation of stl file
Stl file manipulation
Generation of
support structure
and selection of
build orientation
Slicing stl file to form layers
Produce physical object
Remove part and support
structure
Post processing

Understandable Language
Computer Knows Only Limited Vocabulary…..
Alphabets of computer language…..

NUMBERS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
BINARY
00000001
00000010
00000011
00000100
00000101
00000110
00000111
00001000
00001001
00001010
Using Transistor….

To Represent the Words…..
Using ASCI Table.

Image quality using pixels

How 3d images
understandable?
solid CubeA
facet normal 0.0 -1.0 0.0
outer loop
vertex 0.0 0.0 0.0
vertex 1.0 0.0 0.0
vertex 1.0 0.0 1.0
endloop
endfacet
facet normal 0.0 -1.0 0.0
outer loop
vertex 0.0 0.0 0.0
vertex 1.0 0.0 1.0
vertex 0.0 0.0 1.0
endloop
endfacet

Mapping using standards like ASCII
A compiler is a program that translates the source code for another program from a
programing language into executable code. The source code is typically in a high-
level programming language (e. g. Pascal, C, C++, Java, Perl, C#, etc.).

Likewise Stl file
Like in a digital image an image is composed of picture elements, also known as
pixels. The same analogy is can be extended for STLs.
This format uses a series of linked triangles to recreate or reproduce surface
geometry of the more triangles used, the higher resolution the 3D model will
have. STL file is widely used because it is simple, light and easy to be handled
3D software.

Also the objects are fabricated by joining the thin layers by a suitable method
therefore the method of producing the product is generic and completely
automatic.

Rapid Prototyping
Definition of Product
Concept design and
Evaluation
Design Analysis
Prototype
3D CAD Model and design
Documentation
Accurate
Physical
Component
Virtual
Complete
ROUGH
VIRTUAL
COMPLETE
SKETCH
ACCURATE
COMPLETE
VIRTUAL
CAD MODEL
PHYSICAL
ROUGH
COMPLETE
PROTOTYPE
FOAM
MODEL
PHYSICAL
ACCURATE
COMPLETE
PRODUCT
Rough
Iterate

Capabilities of AM
Additive Manufacturing refers to the layer-by-layer fabrication of three
dimensional physical models directly from computer – aided design(CAD). It is
an automatic process of manufacturing object( parts, prototypes, tools and even
assemblies) directly from their CAD models without any cutters, tools or
fixtures specific to the object geometry.
Geometric capabilities Material Capabilities
Objects of any kind of geometric (direct assemblies, conformal, custom,
complex) or material (any variety- poly/metal/ceramic non equilibrium gradient
– mono/composite/gradient, porous/lattice, soft/hard) complexity can be
produced.

Complex lattice structures

Density based fgm(functionality graded
material) through AM

Capabilities : Material : Non
Metals

Capabilities : Material : Metals

Capabilities : Material Capabilities

Capabilities : Material Capabilities
Colorful objects

Classification of Additive Manufacturing
ASTM(American Society for Testing and Materials)
VAT PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION
MATERIAL JETTING
BINDER JETTING
MATERIAL EXTRUSION
SHEET LAMINATION
POWDER BED FUSION
DIRECTED ENERGY DEPOSITION

VAT PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION

MATERIAL JETTING

BINDER JETTING

MATERIAL EXTRUSION

SHEET LAMINATION

POWDER BED FUSION

DIRECTED ENERGY DEPOSITION

Classification : Based on Raw Material

LITHOPANE
KEYCHAIN
MR.R.IMMANUAL

Lithopane key chain
https://lithophanemaker.com/Color%20Lithophane.html

Default parameters

Open Ultimaker Cura

Next Step
Store the file in Memory card
Start the printer
Align the bed

Settings in the machine

Recent Trends on 3D
Printing
MR.R.IMMANUAL

Concrete

Health care

3D Printed Prosthetics

Robotics

3D Food printing process

Major categories in Food printing
Binder jetting
Selective laser sintering/hot air sintering
Extrusion method

Binder jetting & Selective laser
sintering/hot air sintering

Extrusion method

Printable food materials
Sugar
Gelatine
Dough (flour mixture)
Chocolate

CHOCOLATE PRINTING MACHINE
AT PEZRAY TECHNOLOGIES
See Video….

Innovation
Innovation = Invention (Idea, Patent) *
Commercialization
If Invention or Commercialization is zero Innovation is zero

Types of Innovation
Technical
Process
Business Model

increases production levels and decreases costs. Process innovation might come in the form of
new processes or techniques, new equipment, or software.

HOW TO GENERATE IDEAS…
Brainstorming
Painstorming

Painstorming
(Identify Pain Points of peoples)

Richard Turere: My invention that made peace with lions

Lifesaving scientific tools made of paper | Manu Prakash
Centrifuge

I don’t want to do commercialization…

Use IPR…
Dual-SIM patent-holder demands royalty
The Madurai resident, Somasundaram Ramkumar, holds patent 'in India for phones with a
plurality of SIM cards allocated to different communication networks.‘
The application is valid for five years or till the time the patent is valid, whichever is earlier.
Ramkumar is believed to have sought royalty (believed to be around Rs 35) for every dual-SIM
phone shipped into the country.
It is estimated that around 100,000 dual-SIM phones are sold in the country every month.
https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/dual-sim-patent-
holder-demands-royalty-109031300108_1.html

+91 9677817992
immangwu@gmail.com

DSCE_GWU_3D PRINTING TYPES APPLICATIONS APPLICATION

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