The document describes the Axion® DSA (Direct Sample Analysis) system from PerkinElmer, which simplifies mass spectrometry workflows by enabling the rapid analysis of solid, liquid, or gaseous samples without chromatography or extensive method development. It highlights various applications across industries such as food safety, environmental monitoring, and forensic analysis, demonstrating results in as little as 15 seconds. The reference notebook showcases the system's performance characteristics and diverse sample types, emphasizing its efficiency and minimal sample preparation requirements.

1. MASS SPEC RESULTS
IN SECONDS WITH
DIRECT SAMPLE ANALYSIS
AxION DSA System
A Reference Notebook of DSA Applications—First Edition, 2012

2. REVOLUTIONIZE
YOUR MASS SPEC
WORKFLOW Going from sample to results can often be complex
and time-consuming. That is why PerkinElmer has
introduced a unique solution: the AxION® DSA (Direct
Sample Analysis) system. Nothing simplifies workflows more than AxION DSA. Diminish
cumbersome method development, eliminate chromatography and dramatically reduce
sample preparation.
Results in seconds
The innovative AxION DSA technology
was developed for the rapid direct analysis
of solid, liquid or gaseous samples. It
offers a novel alternative to standard
chromatographically interfaced solutions.
Laboratories can now screen, compare and
confirm virtually any sample, by introducing
it directly to a mass spectrometer in a
matter of seconds.
• No chromatography required.
• Avoid time consuming method development.
• Minimal sample preparation.
This reference notebook of direct sample analyses, highlights the performance
characteristics of the AxION DSA. It features a diverse selection of applications,
sample types and results across a broad array of industries.
The AxION DSA system will change the way you work by providing results-driven
decisions in seconds.
www.perkinelmer.com/DSA 2

3. Index of Applications
Food AND BEVERAGE
• Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin in Peppers............................................................................................................................4
• Curcumins in Turmeric Powder...............................................................................................................................................5
• Fungicide on Lemon Peel.......................................................................................................................................................6
• Fungicides on Oranges...........................................................................................................................................................7
• alathion on Peaches............................................................................................................................................................8
M
• elatonin in Lazy Cake®........................................................................................................................................................9
M
• Propanethiol S-oxide in Onions............................................................................................................................................ 10
• Resveratrol in Red Wine....................................................................................................................................................... 11
• Sterols in Olive Oil................................................................................................................................................................ 12
• Sweeteners in Diet Cola....................................................................................................................................................... 13
environmental
• Atrazine in Water................................................................................................................................................................. 14
• Carbamates in River Water................................................................................................................................................... 15
• Insecticide on Mosquito Nets............................................................................................................................................... 16
• Personal Care Products in River Water.................................................................................................................................. 17
chemical
• imonene in Orange Peel..................................................................................................................................................... 18
L
• arabens in Lotions.............................................................................................................................................................. 19
P
FORENSICS
• Date Rape Drug in Cola........................................................................................................................................................20
• Testosterone in Steroid Powder............................................................................................................................................ 21
NUTRACEUTICAL
• omponents of Multivitamin Powder...................................................................................................................................22
C
www.perkinelmer.com/DSA 3

4. Direct Sample Analysis
TOF MS
Food and Beverage: Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin in Peppers
No sample preparation • Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin are
the compounds responsible for pepper
• The signal intensities provided the
relative amounts of capsaicin and
hotness dihydrocapsaicin in the peppers
Easy to use • 1 cm3 pieces of cubanelle, chilli, • The analysis was performed in
and jalapeño peppers were directly 15 seconds with no sample preparation
Semi-quantitative analyzed and external calibration
www.perkinelmer.com/DSA 4

5. Direct Sample Analysis
TOF MS
Food and Beverage: Curcumins in Turmeric Powder
No sample preparation • Curcumins are the active ingredient
in turmeric powder used for food
• DSA/TOF analysis of turmeric powder
detects all 3 curcuminoids with high
flavoring, dyeing, and possible mass accuracy
Easy to use medical benefits
• The analysis was performed in
• Turmeric powder was directly 15 seconds with no sample preparation
Complete characterization analyzed in a glass capillary and external calibration
www.perkinelmer.com/DSA 5

6. Direct Sample Analysis
TOF MS
Food and Beverage: Fungicide on Lemon Peel
Outstanding sensitivity • Pesticides such as imazalil are often
used to protect fruits and vegetables
• Residual imazalil was confirmed with
high mass accuracy
from insects
Fast accurate mass • A washed 1 cm3 piece of lemon peel
• The analysis was performed in
15 seconds with minimal sample
was extracted with methanol and preparation and external calibration
Assures food safety analyzed
www.perkinelmer.com/DSA 6

7. Direct Sample Analysis
TOF MS
Food and Beverage: Fungicides on Oranges
No sample preparation • Traces of fungicides on our food pose
a potential risk to human health
• DSA/TOF analysis detected the
presence of two fungicides on
the orange skin
Easy to use • A swabbing with methanol from an
• The analysis was performed
orange bought at a grocery store was
analyzed in 15 seconds with no sample
Assures food safety preparation and external calibration
www.perkinelmer.com/DSA 7

8. Direct Sample Analysis
TOF MS
Food and Beverage: Malathion on Peaches
Easy to use • Malathion is a commonly used
insecticide. The EPA tolerance level for
• DSA/TOF analysis of the swab sample
confirmed malathion, with high mass
malathion on peaches is 8000 ng/g accuracy, at 800 times lower than the
Low detection limits • A peach surface was spiked with
EPA tolerance level
10 ng/g malathion, then swabbed with • The analysis was performed in
Fast, accurate mass methanol and analyzed 15 seconds with no sample preparation
and external calibration
www.perkinelmer.com/DSA 8

9. Direct Sample Analysis
TOF MS
Food and Beverage: Melatonin in Lazy Cake®
No sample preparation • Lazy Cakes®, marketed as “relaxation
brownies” are laced with the sleep
• Direct analysis confirms the active
ingredient melatonin with high
aid melatonin mass accuracy
Confirms active • The packaging is kid-friendly and • The analysis was performed in
ingredient children have eaten them and 15 seconds with no sample preparation
fallen asleep and external calibration
Rapid analysis • A piece of cake was analyzed to
determine the ingredient that was
causing sleepiness
www.perkinelmer.com/DSA 9

10. Direct Sample Analysis
TOF MS
Food and Beverage: Propanethiol S-oxide in Onions
No sample preparation • Propanethiol S-oxide in onions is
known to cause the eye’s to tear
• With no sample preparation, DSA/TOF
analysis of the onion sample detected
(when cutting the onion) Propanethiol S-oxide with high mass
Easy to use • 1 cm3 piece of onion was directly
accuracy
analyzed • The analysis was performed in
Fast, accurate mass 15 seconds with no sample preparation
and external calibration
www.perkinelmer.com/DSA 10

11. Direct Sample Analysis
TOF MS
Food and Beverage: Resveratrol in Red Wine
Easy to use • Resveratrol is naturally occurring
polyphenol present in grape skin
• DSA/TOF analysis in TrapPulse™
mode of 1 uL of red wine (on a mesh)
and seeds provides the required sensitivity for
Increased sensitivity • It is an antioxidant thought to be
detection and confirmation
of resveratrol
present in higher levels in red wine and
Rapid analysis linked to many health benefits • The analysis was performed
in 15 seconds with no sample
preparation and external calibration
www.perkinelmer.com/DSA 11

12. Direct Sample Analysis
TOF MS
Food and Beverage: Sterols in Olive Oil
Easy to use • Some sterols in olive oil are thought to
decrease blood cholesterol
• Olive oils can rapidly be compared for
detection of beneficial sterols
Comparison of • Saponified olive oil was directly • The analysis was performed in
analyzed for sterols 15 seconds with no sample preparation
products and external calibration
• DSA/TOF analysis detects the beneficial
Rapid analysis sterols in olive oil with minimal sample
preparation
www.perkinelmer.com/DSA 12

13. Direct Sample Analysis
TOF MS
Food and Beverage: Sweeteners in Diet Cola
Easy to use • Artificial sweeteners are often used
in diet cola
• DSA/TOF analysis confirms sweeteners
used in diet cola as well as other
additives with accurate mass
Component analysis • Sweeteners in diet cola was directly
analyzed without any sample • The analysis was performed in
preparation 15 seconds with no sample preparation
No sample preparation and external calibration
www.perkinelmer.com/DSA 13

14. Direct Sample Analysis
TOF MS
Environmental: Atrazine in Water
Results in seconds • The pesticide atrazine is a • Use of TrapPulse™ mode increases sensitivity 8 fold
contaminant of surface and and gives greater mass accuracy
drinking water
Increased sensitivity • DSA/TOF analysis of 2 uL of water on a mesh
• The maximum level of confirms presence of atrazine with
atrazine in water has been a mass accuracy 1 ppm
Confirms water safety set as 0.003 mg/L
• The analysis was performed in 15 seconds with no
sample preparation and external calibration
www.perkinelmer.com/DSA 14

15. Direct Sample Analysis
TOF MS
Environmental: Carbamates in River Water
No complex method • Carbamates are known contaminants
of river water, EPA maximum
• 10 ppb spiked river samples simply
filtered and pipetted onto a mesh
development concentration of 10 ug/L
• DSA/TOF analysis confirms presence
• Existing protocols require lengthy SPE of carbamates, with high mass
Fast, accurate mass work up followed by LC, LC/MS or accuracy
GC/MS analysis
• The analysis was performed in 15
Ensures water quality seconds with no sample preparation
and external calibration
www.perkinelmer.com/DSA 15

16. Direct Sample Analysis
TOF MS
Environmental: Insecticide on Mosquito Nets
Results in seconds • Deltamethrin is a WHO approved
insecticide for treatment of
• Existing protocols require extraction
followed by HPLC or GC/MS analysis
mosquito nets
Assures product • DSA/TOF analysis of a net section
• Treated nets command a higher price confirms presence of deltamethrin
authenticity but some suppliers omit the insecticide at the required level to be effective
Protects consumers • The analysis was performed in
15 seconds with no sample
preparation and external calibration
www.perkinelmer.com/DSA 16

17. Direct Sample Analysis
TOF MS
Environmental: Personal Care Products in River Water
No complex method • Personal care products pose a rising
concern as a contaminant in post
• 10 ppb spiked river samples simply
filtered, 10 mM ammonium formate
development water treatment river waters added, and pipetted onto a mesh
• Existing protocols require lengthy SPE • DSA/TOF analysis confirms presence of
Comprehensive analysis work up followed by LC, LC/MS or personal care products and pesticides,
GC/MS analysis with high mass accuracy
Ensures water quality • The analysis was performed in
15 seconds with minimal sample
preparation and external calibration
www.perkinelmer.com/DSA 17

18. Direct Sample Analysis
TOF MS
Chemical: Limonene in Orange Peel
Easy to use • Limonene is a molecule that gives
oranges their strong smell and is
• Limonene is measured in orange peel
with direct analysis and accurate mass
often used in cleaning products and confirmation
Compound confirmation a precursor for chemical synthesis
• The analysis was performed in
• Sample preparation and method 15 seconds with no sample preparation
No sample preparation development for analysis of limonene is and external calibration
lengthy and time consuming
www.perkinelmer.com/DSA 18

19. Direct Sample Analysis
TOF MS
Chemical: Parabens in Lotions
Easy to use • Parabens are a class of chemicals used
in preservation of cosmetics
• DSA/TOF direct analysis of lotion
confirms parabens in lotion with
accurate mass
Complete • Sample preparation and method
• The analysis was performed in
development of parabens is lengthy
characterization and time consuming 15 seconds with minimal sample
preparation and external calibration
No sample preparation
www.perkinelmer.com/DSA 19

20. Direct Sample Analysis
TOF MS
Forensics: Date Rape Drug in Cola
No sample preparation • The minimum level of the date rape
drug, Gamma-Hydroxy Butyric Acid,
• With no sample preparation, DSA/TOF
analysis of the cola sample detected
which affects humans is 1 mg/mL the drug with high mass accuracy
Low detection limits • A cola sample was spiked with the • The analysis was performed in
drug at 0.1 mg/mL, 10-fold less than 15 seconds with no sample preparation
Fast, accurate mass the minimum detection limit and external calibration
www.perkinelmer.com/DSA 20

21. Direct Sample Analysis
TOF MS
Forensics: Testosterone in Steroid Powder
Easy to use • Testosterone is an anabolic steroid
that can be used to enhance physical
• Confirmation of testosterone was
achieved in seconds with high mass
performance in athletes accuracy
Confirms compound • Testosterone powder was directly • The analysis was performed in
identity analyzed in a glass capillary 15 seconds with no sample preparation
and external calibration
Fast, accurate mass
www.perkinelmer.com/DSA 21

22. Direct Sample Analysis
TOF MS
Nutraceuticals: Components of Multivitamin Powder
No sample preparation • Emergen-C® is a dietary supplement
designed to support healthy
• DSA/TOF analysis of Emergen-C®
powder in a glass capillary
metabolic function detects components with a
Complete component high mass accuracy
• Analysis in both positive and negative
analysis modes ensures complete product
characterization
Confirms product
authenticity
www.perkinelmer.com/DSA 22

23. PerkinElmer, Inc.
940 Winter Street
Waltham, MA 02451 USA
P: (800) 762-4000 or
(+1) 203-925-4602
www.perkinelmer.com
For a complete listing of our global offices, visit www.perkinelmer.com/ContactUs
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