This document discusses various categories of drugs including antibiotics, drugs for asthma, steroids, anticonvulsants and cardiac drugs. It provides details on several commonly used antibiotics such as ceftazidime, cefotaxime, penicillin, gentamicin and amikacin. It describes their mechanisms of action, dosages and adverse effects. The document also summarizes inhalers and nebulizers used for asthma including Asthalin respules and Rotahaler as well as dextrose used for hypoglycemia.

1. Drugs in viva
Kripali rai
080201336

2. Catogaries:
• Emergency drugs
• Antibiotics
• Drugs in asthama
• Steroids
• Anticonvulsants
• Cardiac drugs

3. antibiotics
• Ceftazidime, cefotaxime.
• Procaine penicillin, benzyl penicillin,
benzathin penicillin, ampicillin.
• Gentamycin, amikacin, streptomycin.

4. Cephalosporins:
• Ceftazidime :
3rdgeneration(pseudomonas).
route: parentral.
side effects: neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia, ↑ serum
transaminase and blood urea.
use: febrile neutropenia.

5. Cephalosporins:
• Cefotaxime: not active against
anaerobes
route: parentral
indications: meningitis, life
threatening resistant/ hospital
acquired infection,septicemia &
infections in immunocompromised.

6. Cephalosporins:
Adverse effects:
• Pain (thrombophlebitis)
• Diarrhoea
• Hypersenstivity
• Nephrotoxicity
• Bleeding
• Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia

7. Cephalosporins:
Uses:
• Alternative to PnG
• Respiratory, soft tissue & urinary
infections,Septicemia.
• Surgical prophylaxis
• Gonorrhoea,thyphoid
• Hospital acquired infections &
infections in neutropenic patients.

8. ß-lactam antibiotics:
Penicillin-g(benzyl penicillin):
• Narrow spectrum gram +ve.
• Route: intravenous.
• Short acting.
• Dose: mild infections :50,000U–
100,000U/kg/day in divided doses
every 4-6 hrsX7 days.
Severe infections :200,000U–
600,000U/kg/day in divided doses
every 2-6 hrsX14 days.

9. ß-lactam antibiotics:
Procaine penicillin :
• Route: intramuscular.
• Long acting.
• Dose: 150,000 – 300,000U IM OD or
BID X7 days.

10. ß-lactam antibiotics:
Benzathene penicillin:
• Route: intramuscular.
• Long acting.
• Dose: 0.6 – 1.2million U IM monthly.

11. ß-lactam antibiotics:
Adverse effects:
• Local irritancy & direct toxicity.
• Hypersensitivity.
• Jarisch-herxheimer reaction.

12. ß-lactam antibiotics:
Uses:
• Streptococcal, pneumococcal,
meningococcal infections.
• Syphillis, diphtheria, tetanus and gas
gangrene.
• Rare infections.
• Prophylactic uses: RF, bacterial
endocarditis, agranulocytosis.

13. ß-lactam antibiotics:
Ampicillin: oral/IV/IM
• Uses: UTI.
respiratory infections.
meningitis.
gonorrhoea.
typhoid, cholecystitis.
bacillary desentry.
SABE.
septicaemias.

14. Aminoglycosides:
Streptomycin: gram –ve
• Route: intramuscular.
• Uses: tuberculosis(15mg/kg).
SABE.
Tuberculocidal
Acts on extracellular bacilli
plague.
Category ІІ in initial phase (3Xper
tularemia.
week)

15. Aminoglycosides:
Gentamycin: more potent broader
spectrum.
• Route: parentral/eye drops/skin
creams.
• Uses: respiratory infections.
pseudomonas,klebsiella/proteus
meningitis.

16. Aminoglycosides:
• Amikacin: widest spectrum

17. Aminoglycosides:
Adverse effects:
• Ototoxicity.
• Nephrotoxicity.
• Neuromuscular blockage.
• Foetal ototoxicity during pregnancy.
• Avoid: amphotericin B, vancomycin,
cyclosporin, cysplatin.

18. Asthalin respules:
• Inhalation through mouth via a
suitable nebulizer.
• beta 2 -agonist providing short-acting
(4-6 hours) bronchodilatation with a
fast onset (within 5 minutes) in
reversible airways obstruction.
• 10%-20% of the dose reaches the
lower airways.

19. Asthalin respules:
• Measured amount of drug + NS 2.5-
3ml.
• Minimum starting dose: 0.5 ml (2.5
mg of salbutamol), diluted to 2-2.5 ml
with sterile NS (<12 yrs).

20. Rotahaler:

21. Rotahaler:

22. Dextrose:
• Hypoglycemia.
• 0.5 g/kg (2 mL/kg of 25% dextrose)
IV infusion over 2-3mins.
• 1 mg glucagon SC/IM.