Drug interaction
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The document discusses drug interactions, which can be beneficial or harmful. Harmful interactions are undesirable and can affect the pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic aspects of a drug. Pharmacokinetic interactions can impact absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of a drug. Pharmacodynamic interactions enhance or inhibit the effects of drugs at the receptor level. Miscellaneous interactions can cause electrolyte disturbances, result from food-drug combinations, or involve formulation additives.
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Drug Interactions
Drug interactions can occur when one drug alters the effects of another drug administered at the same time. This can happen through pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic mechanisms. Pharmacokinetic interactions involve effects on absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion of one or both drugs. Pharmacodynamic interactions alter the pharmacological response without changing drug levels. Common causes of interactions include enzymes like CYP P450, drug transporters, plasma protein binding and receptor-mediated effects in tissues. Interactions can lead to additive, synergistic or antagonistic effects and influence toxicity, therapeutic response or other unexpected outcomes. Careful consideration of potential interactions is important for safe drug co-administration.
Drug interaction
Drug interactions can occur through various mechanisms and have the potential to impact drug effects. There are several types of drug interactions, including:
1. Pharmacokinetic interactions, which alter the absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion of a drug and change its concentration in the body. Major mechanisms include effects on drug metabolizing enzymes.
2. Pharmacodynamic interactions, where one drug directly or indirectly impacts the effects of another at its site of action. Direct interactions can result in antagonism, addition/summation of effects, or synergism/potentiation.
3. Other types of interactions include drug-drug, drug-food, drug-disease, and drug-laboratory test interactions. Multiple
Drug interaction chemical-delivery system
Drug interactions can occur when two drugs are taken together and one alters the activity of the other. There are several types of interactions including drug-drug, drug-food, and drug-disease. The mechanisms involve pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic changes. Pharmacokinetic interactions affect absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion of the drug. Multiple prescriptions, diseases, and other factors can increase risk. Careful consideration of a patient's full drug history and monitoring therapy can help reduce interactions. Chemical delivery systems use prodrugs to target drug release through enzymatic activation, improving delivery to specific sites and providing sustained release of the active drug. This can increase therapeutic effects while reducing side effects.
Introduction to pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics drug interaction
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drug interactions
Identify primary drug interaction concepts
Describe types and mechanisms of interactions
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Describe how to manage known interactions
Pharmacokinetics of drug interaction
The document discusses drug interactions, describing them as modifications to a drug's expected response caused by another substance. It outlines various mechanisms of interactions, including pharmacokinetic interactions that can alter absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, as well as pharmacodynamic interactions. Specific examples are provided to illustrate different types of interactions through various mechanisms like enzyme induction, inhibition and changes to protein binding or renal clearance.
Drug drug interaction (2)
This document discusses drug-drug interactions, including their definition, types, mechanisms, and consequences. It defines a drug-drug interaction as occurring when one drug affects the pharmacological activity of another drug taken at the same time. The main types of interactions are due to drugs interacting at the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion levels. Mechanisms include pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic effects. Consequences range from decreasing or increasing drug effects to serious adverse reactions like organ damage. Factors that increase interaction risk and ways to reduce risk are also outlined.
Pharmacokinetics and Drug Interaction
This document discusses pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions, which occur when one drug alters the absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of another drug. It provides examples of how drugs can impact gastric pH and absorption, plasma protein binding and distribution, cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibition and induction impacting metabolism, and effects on renal drug excretion and blood flow. Factors like disease states, age, gender, and genetics can also influence a person's drug metabolism and susceptibility to these pharmacokinetic drug interactions.
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Drug Interactions
Drug interactions can occur when one drug alters the effects of another drug administered at the same time. This can happen through pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic mechanisms. Pharmacokinetic interactions involve effects on absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion of one or both drugs. Pharmacodynamic interactions alter the pharmacological response without changing drug levels. Common causes of interactions include enzymes like CYP P450, drug transporters, plasma protein binding and receptor-mediated effects in tissues. Interactions can lead to additive, synergistic or antagonistic effects and influence toxicity, therapeutic response or other unexpected outcomes. Careful consideration of potential interactions is important for safe drug co-administration.
Drug interaction
Drug interactions can occur through various mechanisms and have the potential to impact drug effects. There are several types of drug interactions, including:
1. Pharmacokinetic interactions, which alter the absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion of a drug and change its concentration in the body. Major mechanisms include effects on drug metabolizing enzymes.
2. Pharmacodynamic interactions, where one drug directly or indirectly impacts the effects of another at its site of action. Direct interactions can result in antagonism, addition/summation of effects, or synergism/potentiation.
3. Other types of interactions include drug-drug, drug-food, drug-disease, and drug-laboratory test interactions. Multiple
Drug interaction chemical-delivery system
Drug interactions can occur when two drugs are taken together and one alters the activity of the other. There are several types of interactions including drug-drug, drug-food, and drug-disease. The mechanisms involve pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic changes. Pharmacokinetic interactions affect absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion of the drug. Multiple prescriptions, diseases, and other factors can increase risk. Careful consideration of a patient's full drug history and monitoring therapy can help reduce interactions. Chemical delivery systems use prodrugs to target drug release through enzymatic activation, improving delivery to specific sites and providing sustained release of the active drug. This can increase therapeutic effects while reducing side effects.
Introduction to pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics drug interaction
drug interaction, definition of- drug interaction, pharacokinetics, pharmacodynamis and various types of drug interaction and factors affecting drug interaction, including identification of drug interaction. software and analytical technique to find out drug interaction. examples of drug-drug interaction and the result of interaction
drug interactions
Identify primary drug interaction concepts
Describe types and mechanisms of interactions
Identify drug interactions commonly encountered with antiretroviral drugs
Describe how to manage known interactions
Pharmacokinetics of drug interaction
The document discusses drug interactions, describing them as modifications to a drug's expected response caused by another substance. It outlines various mechanisms of interactions, including pharmacokinetic interactions that can alter absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, as well as pharmacodynamic interactions. Specific examples are provided to illustrate different types of interactions through various mechanisms like enzyme induction, inhibition and changes to protein binding or renal clearance.
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This document discusses drug-drug interactions, including their definition, types, mechanisms, and consequences. It defines a drug-drug interaction as occurring when one drug affects the pharmacological activity of another drug taken at the same time. The main types of interactions are due to drugs interacting at the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion levels. Mechanisms include pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic effects. Consequences range from decreasing or increasing drug effects to serious adverse reactions like organ damage. Factors that increase interaction risk and ways to reduce risk are also outlined.
Pharmacokinetics and Drug Interaction
This document discusses pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions, which occur when one drug alters the absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of another drug. It provides examples of how drugs can impact gastric pH and absorption, plasma protein binding and distribution, cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibition and induction impacting metabolism, and effects on renal drug excretion and blood flow. Factors like disease states, age, gender, and genetics can also influence a person's drug metabolism and susceptibility to these pharmacokinetic drug interactions.
Drug interaction
This document defines drug interactions and describes the main types and mechanisms. Drug interactions occur when one drug alters the effects of another drug. There are several types including drug-drug, drug-food, and drug-disease interactions. Mechanisms include pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic interactions which can impact absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, or the pharmacological effects of drugs. Factors like multiple drug use, diseases, age, and non-compliance can contribute to interactions. Careful consideration of a patient's drug history and risks can help reduce negative interactions.
Introduction to drug interactions
Drug interactions occur when one drug alters the activity of another drug. There are several types of interactions including drug-drug, drug-food, and drug-laboratory tests. Interactions can be pharmacokinetic, affecting absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of a drug. They can also be pharmacodynamic, altering a drug's effects. Factors like multiple medications, diseases, smoking, and food can influence interactions. It is important for healthcare providers to consider a patient's full drug history to avoid potential adverse reactions from interactions.
Drug interactionppt
This document discusses drug interactions, defining them as when the effect of one drug is modified by another drug taken at the same time. It notes several key risk factors for interactions like polypharmacy and lists common outcomes like increased or decreased therapeutic effects and toxicity. The main mechanisms of interactions are pharmacokinetic, involving absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, or pharmacodynamic involving the drugs' pharmacological effects. Several examples of interaction mechanisms are provided like enzyme induction/inhibition altering metabolism or drug complexes reducing absorption. Managing interactions may require dose changes or avoiding certain combinations depending on severity.
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This document discusses drug interactions, which occur when one drug affects another drug's effectiveness or safety. It describes the main types of interactions: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Absorption interactions can affect how quickly or how much of a drug is absorbed. Distribution interactions can change protein binding in the blood and alter tissue distribution. Metabolism interactions involve one drug inducing or inhibiting the enzymes that break down other drugs. Elimination interactions can change how drugs are removed from the body, usually through the kidneys or liver. Understanding these interaction mechanisms is important for predicting and avoiding negative outcomes when multiple drugs are taken together.
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This document discusses drug-drug interactions, which occur when one drug affects another drug when taken concurrently. It defines drug-drug interactions and outlines some desired and undesired effects. It identifies high-risk patients and drugs. It explains interactions can occur outside or inside the body, including incompatibilities when drugs are mixed, and interactions through pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic pathways. Specifically, it delves into how absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs can be altered through interactions, as well as direct receptor-level or organ-system interactions. It notes interactions can have rapid or delayed onset.
Introduction to pharmacokinetics & pharmacodynamics, drug interactions
This document provides an introduction to pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and drug interactions. It discusses how drug interactions can occur through pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic mechanisms. Pharmacokinetic interactions alter the concentration of a drug by changing its absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion, whereas pharmacodynamic interactions change the drug's effects through additive or opposing pharmacological actions. Specific examples are given of different types of pharmacokinetic interactions that can impact a drug's plasma levels through interactions during absorption, distribution by plasma protein binding, or metabolism by enzyme induction or inhibition.
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This document discusses inhibition and induction of drug metabolism. It describes how some drugs can decrease (inhibit) or increase (induce) the activity of enzymes involved in drug metabolism. Examples are given of drugs that inhibit the metabolism of other drugs, leading to increased levels and potential toxicity. Inhibition can occur directly by interacting with the enzyme or indirectly by other mechanisms. The document also discusses inhibition of biliary secretion, an important route of drug excretion, and how this can cause drug-drug interactions by affecting drug levels.
Pharmacodynamic interactions
This document discusses pharmacodynamic drug interactions, which occur when one drug alters the effects of another drug at its site of action. These interactions can be direct, through similar or opposing pharmacological actions, or indirect, through unrelated effects. Direct interactions include additive/synergistic, potentiation, or antagonism. Examples provided include theophylline antagonizing the cardiovascular effects of adenosine, NSAIDs increasing the risk of bleeding when taken with warfarin, and verapamil causing bradycardia when taken with beta-adrenergic antagonists. Interventions to avoid interactions include thorough drug history reviews, educating patients, and altering doses or timing of administration of interacting drugs.
Drug interactions
This presentation aimed to cover the Drug interaction topic which is a part of academic syllabus. it may help to the B.Pharm Students
Drug interactions
This document discusses drug interactions, which occur when two drugs are administered together and one modifies the effects of the other. It describes several types of interactions, including drug-drug, drug-food, and drug-environment. Interactions can be quantitative, increasing or decreasing a drug's effects, or qualitative, producing abnormal or new responses. The mechanisms of interactions include pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic effects. It is important for doctors to consider potential interactions when prescribing multiple medications to a patient.
Pharmacokinetic aspects of Drug Interactions
This document discusses pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions, which involve processes of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. It describes how interactions can affect gastric pH and drug absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. It also explains how drugs may interact by displacing each other from plasma protein binding sites or by inhibiting or inducing cytochrome P450 drug metabolizing enzymes in the liver. Inhibition of these enzymes can increase drug levels and toxicity risks, while induction can decrease drug levels and efficacy. Careful consideration of these pharmacokinetic drug interaction mechanisms is important for safe polypharmacy in patients.
pharmacodynamic pharmacology
Dr. Haji Bahadar discusses pharmacodynamics, which is the biochemical interaction of drugs with the body that produces pharmacological effects. There are two main types of interactions: receptor-mediated and non-receptor mediated. Receptor-mediated interactions involve drugs binding to receptors on cells to initiate a response, while non-receptor mediated interactions occur through processes like osmosis, adsorption, chemical reactions, and enzyme inhibition. The document provides detailed explanations and examples of both types of pharmacodynamic interactions.
Contribution of metabolites to the drug drug interaction
1. The contribution of drug metabolites to the drug drug interaction presented by RAVI GOYANI M.S(Pharm)pharmaceutics(NIPER).
2. Contents of the presentation: Introduction, Drug-drug interaction, regulatory perspectives of drug-drug interaction, potential pharmacokinetic interaction produced by metabolites, case study, evaluation of metabolites to drug interaction, conclusion , references.
3. Introduction of metabolites and its examples.
4.Types of metabolites and how its formation in to the body by phase 1&2 metabolism.
5.Types of drug drug interaction.
6.7. Short discussion about the pharmacokinetics drug interation which are essential for the preclinical pharmacokinetics drug interaction.
8. Regulatory perspective on the metabolites contribution to the drug drug interaction.
9. Criteria for the absence of a based drug interaction on the results of a clinical study.
10.11.12. Case study of the some drug metabolites(efavirenz, verapamil) participate in to the drug drug interaction by the known mechanism such as irreversible of CYP 450 enzymes bye protein adduct formation or intermediate complex formation.
13. Evaluation of metabolites drug interaction by following study.
1. Estimation of metabolites concentration
2. Metabolites and parent cytochrome P450 inhibition potency comparison
3. RMet strategy
14.15.16. Brief discussion about the evaluation and specific criteria for that evaluation parameters which are considering for the metabolites drug interaction.
17. Proposed algorithm for the evaluation of drug metabolites interaction.
18. Conclusion.
19. List of references.
PPT ON PHARMACOKINETIC DRUG interaction BY SROTA DAWN
The document discusses pharmacokinetic drug interactions, which occur when one drug alters the effects of another drug by changing its concentration at the target site. It identifies several mechanisms for these interactions, including changes to absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the drug. Metabolism is a major mechanism, and can involve induction or inhibition of the enzymes responsible for drug metabolism. This can increase or decrease the concentration of the affected drug. Factors like multiple drug therapy, multiple prescribers, and patient non-compliance increase risk of interactions. Proper monitoring and awareness of possible interactions can help prevent negative outcomes.
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This document discusses drug-drug interactions, including their mechanisms and types. It notes that interactions can occur through pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic pathways. Pharmacokinetic interactions involve effects on absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion of a drug. They are classified as interactions affecting gastrointestinal absorption, hepatic enzyme induction or inhibition, and protein binding effects. Pharmacodynamic interactions involve drug effects without changes in levels, and can be direct, involving similar drug actions, or indirect. The document provides many examples of interacting drug classes and specific drugs. It also discusses risk factors for interactions and outcomes. Food, alcohol and smoking are noted as other factors that can influence drug interactions.
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Pharmacovigila final 2
This document discusses drug-drug interactions from pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic perspectives. Pharmacokinetic interactions can occur through competition for plasma protein binding, displacement from tissue binding sites, or alterations in barriers like the blood-brain barrier. While competition for plasma protein binding can briefly increase unbound drug concentrations, displaced drugs are usually cleared quickly. Concurrent administration of two nephrotoxic drugs can cause kidney damage even at low individual doses due to enhanced toxicity. Whether an interaction produces adverse effects depends on individual susceptibility and clinical monitoring. The document then provides several examples of specific drug interactions.
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Drug interactions
This document discusses drug interactions, defining them as when the effects of one drug are altered by another drug, food, drink, or other agent. It provides examples of different types of interactions, including drug-drug, drug-food, drug-lab, drug-herbal, and drug-disease. The main mechanisms of interactions are also summarized, including pharmacokinetic interactions which affect absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion, and pharmacodynamic interactions which affect the drug's site of action. Risk factors and approaches for managing interactions are briefly covered.
Pharmacokinetic drug interaction
This document discusses drug interactions, their mechanisms and outcomes. It defines a drug interaction as a modification of one drug's effects due to another substance. Risks include narrow therapeutic indices, polypharmacy, multiple prescribers and patient factors. Outcomes are toxicity, therapeutic failure, beneficial effects or physical incompatibilities. Mechanisms are pharmacokinetic - affecting absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion - or pharmacodynamic, changing receptor interactions. Specific examples are provided to illustrate different interaction types.
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Drug interaction
This document defines drug interactions and describes the main types and mechanisms. Drug interactions occur when one drug alters the effects of another drug. There are several types including drug-drug, drug-food, and drug-disease interactions. Mechanisms include pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic interactions which can impact absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, or the pharmacological effects of drugs. Factors like multiple drug use, diseases, age, and non-compliance can contribute to interactions. Careful consideration of a patient's drug history and risks can help reduce negative interactions.
Introduction to drug interactions
Drug interactions occur when one drug alters the activity of another drug. There are several types of interactions including drug-drug, drug-food, and drug-laboratory tests. Interactions can be pharmacokinetic, affecting absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of a drug. They can also be pharmacodynamic, altering a drug's effects. Factors like multiple medications, diseases, smoking, and food can influence interactions. It is important for healthcare providers to consider a patient's full drug history to avoid potential adverse reactions from interactions.
Drug interactionppt
This document discusses drug interactions, defining them as when the effect of one drug is modified by another drug taken at the same time. It notes several key risk factors for interactions like polypharmacy and lists common outcomes like increased or decreased therapeutic effects and toxicity. The main mechanisms of interactions are pharmacokinetic, involving absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, or pharmacodynamic involving the drugs' pharmacological effects. Several examples of interaction mechanisms are provided like enzyme induction/inhibition altering metabolism or drug complexes reducing absorption. Managing interactions may require dose changes or avoiding certain combinations depending on severity.
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This document discusses drug interactions, which occur when one drug affects another drug's effectiveness or safety. It describes the main types of interactions: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Absorption interactions can affect how quickly or how much of a drug is absorbed. Distribution interactions can change protein binding in the blood and alter tissue distribution. Metabolism interactions involve one drug inducing or inhibiting the enzymes that break down other drugs. Elimination interactions can change how drugs are removed from the body, usually through the kidneys or liver. Understanding these interaction mechanisms is important for predicting and avoiding negative outcomes when multiple drugs are taken together.
1753780 635000454864203750 phrak
This document discusses drug-drug interactions, which occur when one drug affects another drug when taken concurrently. It defines drug-drug interactions and outlines some desired and undesired effects. It identifies high-risk patients and drugs. It explains interactions can occur outside or inside the body, including incompatibilities when drugs are mixed, and interactions through pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic pathways. Specifically, it delves into how absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs can be altered through interactions, as well as direct receptor-level or organ-system interactions. It notes interactions can have rapid or delayed onset.
Introduction to pharmacokinetics & pharmacodynamics, drug interactions
This document provides an introduction to pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and drug interactions. It discusses how drug interactions can occur through pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic mechanisms. Pharmacokinetic interactions alter the concentration of a drug by changing its absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion, whereas pharmacodynamic interactions change the drug's effects through additive or opposing pharmacological actions. Specific examples are given of different types of pharmacokinetic interactions that can impact a drug's plasma levels through interactions during absorption, distribution by plasma protein binding, or metabolism by enzyme induction or inhibition.
Inhibition and induction of drug metabolism
This document discusses inhibition and induction of drug metabolism. It describes how some drugs can decrease (inhibit) or increase (induce) the activity of enzymes involved in drug metabolism. Examples are given of drugs that inhibit the metabolism of other drugs, leading to increased levels and potential toxicity. Inhibition can occur directly by interacting with the enzyme or indirectly by other mechanisms. The document also discusses inhibition of biliary secretion, an important route of drug excretion, and how this can cause drug-drug interactions by affecting drug levels.
Pharmacodynamic interactions
This document discusses pharmacodynamic drug interactions, which occur when one drug alters the effects of another drug at its site of action. These interactions can be direct, through similar or opposing pharmacological actions, or indirect, through unrelated effects. Direct interactions include additive/synergistic, potentiation, or antagonism. Examples provided include theophylline antagonizing the cardiovascular effects of adenosine, NSAIDs increasing the risk of bleeding when taken with warfarin, and verapamil causing bradycardia when taken with beta-adrenergic antagonists. Interventions to avoid interactions include thorough drug history reviews, educating patients, and altering doses or timing of administration of interacting drugs.
Drug interactions
This presentation aimed to cover the Drug interaction topic which is a part of academic syllabus. it may help to the B.Pharm Students
Drug interactions
This document discusses drug interactions, which occur when two drugs are administered together and one modifies the effects of the other. It describes several types of interactions, including drug-drug, drug-food, and drug-environment. Interactions can be quantitative, increasing or decreasing a drug's effects, or qualitative, producing abnormal or new responses. The mechanisms of interactions include pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic effects. It is important for doctors to consider potential interactions when prescribing multiple medications to a patient.
Pharmacokinetic aspects of Drug Interactions
This document discusses pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions, which involve processes of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. It describes how interactions can affect gastric pH and drug absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. It also explains how drugs may interact by displacing each other from plasma protein binding sites or by inhibiting or inducing cytochrome P450 drug metabolizing enzymes in the liver. Inhibition of these enzymes can increase drug levels and toxicity risks, while induction can decrease drug levels and efficacy. Careful consideration of these pharmacokinetic drug interaction mechanisms is important for safe polypharmacy in patients.
pharmacodynamic pharmacology
Dr. Haji Bahadar discusses pharmacodynamics, which is the biochemical interaction of drugs with the body that produces pharmacological effects. There are two main types of interactions: receptor-mediated and non-receptor mediated. Receptor-mediated interactions involve drugs binding to receptors on cells to initiate a response, while non-receptor mediated interactions occur through processes like osmosis, adsorption, chemical reactions, and enzyme inhibition. The document provides detailed explanations and examples of both types of pharmacodynamic interactions.
Contribution of metabolites to the drug drug interaction
1. The contribution of drug metabolites to the drug drug interaction presented by RAVI GOYANI M.S(Pharm)pharmaceutics(NIPER).
2. Contents of the presentation: Introduction, Drug-drug interaction, regulatory perspectives of drug-drug interaction, potential pharmacokinetic interaction produced by metabolites, case study, evaluation of metabolites to drug interaction, conclusion , references.
3. Introduction of metabolites and its examples.
4.Types of metabolites and how its formation in to the body by phase 1&2 metabolism.
5.Types of drug drug interaction.
6.7. Short discussion about the pharmacokinetics drug interation which are essential for the preclinical pharmacokinetics drug interaction.
8. Regulatory perspective on the metabolites contribution to the drug drug interaction.
9. Criteria for the absence of a based drug interaction on the results of a clinical study.
10.11.12. Case study of the some drug metabolites(efavirenz, verapamil) participate in to the drug drug interaction by the known mechanism such as irreversible of CYP 450 enzymes bye protein adduct formation or intermediate complex formation.
13. Evaluation of metabolites drug interaction by following study.
1. Estimation of metabolites concentration
2. Metabolites and parent cytochrome P450 inhibition potency comparison
3. RMet strategy
14.15.16. Brief discussion about the evaluation and specific criteria for that evaluation parameters which are considering for the metabolites drug interaction.
17. Proposed algorithm for the evaluation of drug metabolites interaction.
18. Conclusion.
19. List of references.
PPT ON PHARMACOKINETIC DRUG interaction BY SROTA DAWN
The document discusses pharmacokinetic drug interactions, which occur when one drug alters the effects of another drug by changing its concentration at the target site. It identifies several mechanisms for these interactions, including changes to absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the drug. Metabolism is a major mechanism, and can involve induction or inhibition of the enzymes responsible for drug metabolism. This can increase or decrease the concentration of the affected drug. Factors like multiple drug therapy, multiple prescribers, and patient non-compliance increase risk of interactions. Proper monitoring and awareness of possible interactions can help prevent negative outcomes.
Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions
Definition of drug interaction ,types and factors contributing to drug interactions. Mechanisms of Drug Interaction. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion interactions with examples(ADME INTERACTIONS).Prevention of drug interaction.
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This document discusses drug-drug interactions, including their mechanisms and types. It notes that interactions can occur through pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic pathways. Pharmacokinetic interactions involve effects on absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion of a drug. They are classified as interactions affecting gastrointestinal absorption, hepatic enzyme induction or inhibition, and protein binding effects. Pharmacodynamic interactions involve drug effects without changes in levels, and can be direct, involving similar drug actions, or indirect. The document provides many examples of interacting drug classes and specific drugs. It also discusses risk factors for interactions and outcomes. Food, alcohol and smoking are noted as other factors that can influence drug interactions.
Drug interaction for siaarti,italian
This document discusses drug interactions, with an emphasis on interactions that can occur in older adults. It begins by defining four major types of drug interactions: pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, drug-food/nutrient, and drug-disease. The document then examines the epidemiology of different interaction types and provides strategies for preventing and managing interactions. It focuses on interactions that can affect drug absorption and distribution, as well as pharmacodynamic interactions. Several studies are referenced that examine how opioids like morphine can delay gastric emptying and thus impact drug absorption.
Pharmacovigila final 2
This document discusses drug-drug interactions from pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic perspectives. Pharmacokinetic interactions can occur through competition for plasma protein binding, displacement from tissue binding sites, or alterations in barriers like the blood-brain barrier. While competition for plasma protein binding can briefly increase unbound drug concentrations, displaced drugs are usually cleared quickly. Concurrent administration of two nephrotoxic drugs can cause kidney damage even at low individual doses due to enhanced toxicity. Whether an interaction produces adverse effects depends on individual susceptibility and clinical monitoring. The document then provides several examples of specific drug interactions.
kinetics of drug interactions
The document summarizes kinetics of drug interactions. It defines drug interactions and types including drug-drug, drug-food, drug-herbal, drug-disease and drug-alcohol. It discusses factors contributing to interactions such as pharmacokinetic factors like absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. It provides examples of various interaction mechanisms and concludes stating pharmacodynamic interactions can occur at receptor sites or by synergism/antagonism.
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This document discusses protein binding interactions of drugs. It begins by introducing pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics. It then discusses two types of drug interactions: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic. It focuses on protein-drug binding interactions, describing how drugs can bind to plasma proteins, blood cells, and extravascular tissues. Factors affecting protein-drug binding are also reviewed. The key points covered include the reversible binding of drugs to plasma proteins like albumin and drug displacement interactions.
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PPT ON PHARMACOKINETIC DRUG interaction BY SROTA DAWN
PPT ON PHARMACOKINETIC DRUG interaction BY SROTA DAWN
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Drug interactions
This document discusses drug interactions, defining them as when the effects of one drug are altered by another drug, food, drink, or other agent. It provides examples of different types of interactions, including drug-drug, drug-food, drug-lab, drug-herbal, and drug-disease. The main mechanisms of interactions are also summarized, including pharmacokinetic interactions which affect absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion, and pharmacodynamic interactions which affect the drug's site of action. Risk factors and approaches for managing interactions are briefly covered.
Pharmacokinetic drug interaction
This document discusses drug interactions, their mechanisms and outcomes. It defines a drug interaction as a modification of one drug's effects due to another substance. Risks include narrow therapeutic indices, polypharmacy, multiple prescribers and patient factors. Outcomes are toxicity, therapeutic failure, beneficial effects or physical incompatibilities. Mechanisms are pharmacokinetic - affecting absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion - or pharmacodynamic, changing receptor interactions. Specific examples are provided to illustrate different interaction types.
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Drug interactions can occur through pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic mechanisms. Pharmacokinetic interactions involve effects on absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion of drugs and can increase or decrease a drug's effects. Pharmacodynamic interactions involve drug actions at receptor sites and can cause additive, antagonistic or synergistic effects. It is important for clinicians to understand how drugs may interact and to monitor patients carefully when multiple medications are prescribed to avoid adverse reactions.
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This document defines drug interactions and describes the main types including drug-drug, drug-food, drug-disease, and drug-laboratory test interactions. It explains that interactions occur via changes to a drug's pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics. The major mechanisms of drug-drug interactions are pharmaceutical interactions when drugs are mixed, and pharmacokinetic interactions which influence absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of a drug. Pharmacodynamic interactions can be direct, acting on the same site, or indirect through other body systems. Factors that increase risk of interactions and strategies to reduce interactions are also outlined.
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Drug Interaction
This document discusses different types of drug interactions. It defines drug interaction as when the pharmacological activity of one drug is altered by another concomitantly used drug or substance. The main types of interactions discussed are: drug-drug, drug-food, chemical-drug, drug-laboratory test, and drug-disease. The mechanisms of interactions are pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic. Pharmacokinetic interactions alter absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of a drug. Pharmacodynamic interactions change a drug's effects through direct or indirect means like antagonism, addition, or synergism. Factors like multiple drug therapy, diseases, and age can contribute to interactions.
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This document summarizes drug-drug interactions and their mechanisms. It discusses how interactions can affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. Pharmacokinetic interactions alter absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of a drug. They are common and can change a drug's plasma concentration. Pharmacodynamic interactions involve drugs with similar or opposing effects. The document focuses on the ways pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are altered in different conditions and the mechanisms involved in enzyme induction and inhibition during drug interactions.
Drug Interactions and protein drug binding interactions
This document provides an overview of pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics. It discusses how the body handles drugs and toxins through absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. It also covers drug interactions, which can occur through pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic mechanisms. A major pharmacokinetic factor discussed is protein-drug binding, including binding to plasma proteins and tissues. Factors that influence protein-drug binding like drug properties, protein concentrations, and disease states are also summarized.
BIO DRUG-DRUG & BIO DRUG–FOOD INTERACTION.pptx
Introduction
Types of drug Interaction
Effects of drug Interaction
Factors contributing to drug interactions
Mechanism
Pharmaceutical Interactions
Pharmacokinetic Interactions
Pharmacodynamic Interaction
Consequences of drug interaction
Reducing the risk of drug interaction
Influence of Smoking and Alcohol
Bio drug – Food Interaction
Drug interaction
This document discusses drug interactions, which occur when the effects of one drug are changed by another substance like another drug, food, or drink. It covers the types of interactions, factors contributing to interactions, mechanisms including pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions, and consequences of interactions. The key mechanisms are changes to absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of a drug due to another substance. Reducing interactions involves identifying risk factors, monitoring therapy, and educating patients.
Drug Interactions.pptx
Drug interactions can occur when one drug alters the effects of another drug. There are several types of interactions including drug-drug, drug-food, chemical-drug, and drug-disease. Interactions can increase or decrease a drug's effects and sometimes cause new adverse effects. Factors contributing to interactions include multiple drug therapy, multiple prescribers, multiple disease states, and patient non-compliance. Interactions can be pharmacokinetic, affecting absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of a drug. They can also be pharmacodynamic, where one drug enhances or opposes the effects of another drug at the site of action. Managing interactions requires identifying patient risk factors, thorough drug histories, monitoring therapy, and patient education
07. Drug Interactions.ppt
This document discusses different types of drug interactions that can occur. It describes in vitro interactions that happen when drugs are mixed, such as thiopentone and suxamethonium chemically interacting. It also covers in vivo pharmacokinetic interactions that alter absorption, protein binding, metabolism, or excretion of drugs. This can increase or decrease a drug's effects. Specific examples are provided like antacids decreasing tetracycline absorption. Pharmacodynamic interactions are also discussed, such as synergism between aspirin and heparin, or antagonism between metoclopramide and anticholinergic drugs. Combined toxicity is described where drugs enhance each other's side effects.
Drug interaction final
Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological activity of one drug is altered by another substance like another drug, food, or chemical. There are several types of drug interactions including drug-drug, drug-food, chemical-drug, drug-laboratory test, and drug-disease. Drug interactions can increase or decrease a drug's effects, cause new side effects, or impact a test. The mechanisms of drug interactions are pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic in nature. Pharmacokinetic interactions alter how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, or excretes a drug. Pharmacodynamic interactions impact a drug's effects or side effects at its site of action. Factors like multiple drug therapy, diseases,
Drug interactions
This document defines drug interactions and outlines their outcomes, contributing factors, commonly involved drugs, types, mechanisms, and approaches to checking for interactions. It discusses how drug interactions can be beneficial or harmful and result from multiple drug therapy, diseases, prescribers, or noncompliance. The main types are drug-drug, drug-food, and drug-disease interactions, which can occur via pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, or pharmacodynamic mechanisms. Factors like absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion can be affected. The role of pharmacists in monitoring interactions and educating patients is also covered, as are newer online and mobile tools for checking drug interactions.
Druginteraction
Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological activity of one drug is altered by another drug or substance. The drug whose activity is affected is called the object drug, while the interacting agent is the precipitant. Interactions can be pharmacokinetic, affecting absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion of the object drug. They can also be pharmacodynamic, changing the object drug's effects. Careful monitoring is needed with patients at high risk of interactions, such as the elderly on multiple medications. Resources like Stockley's provide guidance on clinically significant interactions.
Drug interaction & FDC
This document discusses drug interactions and fixed dose combinations. It classifies drug interactions as additive, synergistic, antagonistic, or functional. Pharmacokinetic interactions can occur during absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion. Pharmacodynamic interactions act on receptors or body systems. Fixed dose combinations provide convenience but the component drugs must have matching pharmacokinetic profiles and doses should be based on their volumes of distribution and concentrations. Overall benefits include improved compliance but individual dose titration is not possible.
Pharmacology of Drugs interactions
Drug interactions occur when one drug affects the activity of another drug. They can enhance or diminish the intended effects of drugs. There are several types of interactions including drug-drug, drug-food, drug-laboratory tests, and drug-disease. Interactions can impact absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs. They can be desirable in some cases but are mostly undesirable. It is important for healthcare providers to be aware of potential interactions and monitor patients to improve outcomes and prevent adverse effects.
COMBINED EFFECT OF DRUG.pptx
This document discusses interactions between drugs and factors that can modify drug action. It covers several types of drug interactions including synergism, additive effects, and antagonism. Synergism occurs when two drugs have a combined effect greater than the sum of their individual effects. Additive effects are when the combined effect equals the sum. Antagonism is when two drugs oppose each other's actions. The document also discusses physiological factors like age, sex, pregnancy, and disease states that can impact drug responses. Genetic and environmental factors are also noted to influence individual drug metabolism and effects.
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Drug Interactions and protein drug binding interactions
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1) Biotransformation, or metabolism, involves the biochemical conversion of active drugs into inactive forms that can be readily excreted from the body, usually by transforming lipid-soluble drugs into water-soluble forms.
2) The main sites of drug metabolism are the liver, kidneys, intestines, lungs, and plasma, with the liver being the primary site. Metabolism converts drugs into more polar, water-soluble compounds to facilitate their elimination through urine.
3) The two main types of metabolic reactions are non-synthetic (phase 1) reactions like oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis, and synthetic (phase 2) reactions like conjugation that combine drugs with small molecules like glucur
Distribution of drugs
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Drug interaction
- 1. Mr. Dipak B. Bari KES’s P C Bhandarkar College of D. Pharmacy, Amalner Principles of Drug Interaction
- 2. The-term drug interaction is mainly concerned wit h the modification of the effect of one drug by the presence (concurrent or prior administration) o f another drug. The drug interactions may be beneficial or harmf ul. Drug Interaction
- 3. BENEFICIAL DRUG INTERACTION Important therapeutic effect, e.g., Administration of BAL (Dimercaprol) in t he treatment of Arsenic poisoning. More appropriate onset or duration of action. Lowered toxicity. Ex. Desferioxamine reduces the toxicity of Iron. Enhanced potency. Additive effect (Synergism, Antagonism)
- 4. Adverse drug interactions: These are not desired and are harmful to the patient to a lesser or greater extent. The drug interactions can be classified into three classes, (1) Those affecting pharmacokinetic aspects of the drug. (2) Those affecting pharmacodynamic aspects of the drug, and (3) Miscellaneous drug interactions.
- 5. 1. Pharmacokinetic Drug Interaction This relates to the interaction occurring at any of the pharmacokinetic stages. (a) Interaction Affecting the Absorption of Drug: This group includes those interactions in which the absorption through GIT is either increased or decreased. (i) The gastrointestinal absorption of slowly dissolving digoxin may be increa sed by propantheline which decreases gastrointestinal motility. (ii) Absorption of tetracycline is decreased due to the formation of insoluble c omplex with ions like Ca++, Mg++ from milk or antacids. (iii) Cathartics like senna increases the gastrointestinal motility and thus redu cing the drug residence time in GIT which decreases the absorption of dr
- 6. (b) Interactions Affecting the Distribution of Drugs: This is mainly related to the interaction in protein binding level. (i) Phenylbutazone replaces tolbutamide from protein binding and enhances hypo glycemic effect. (ii) Salicylates replace coumarin anticoagulant and may cause haemorrhage.
- 7. (c) Interactions Affecting Metabolism of Drugs: 1. Inhibition of Metabolism: Isoniazide inhibits the hydroxylation of diphenyl hydantoin and may cause toxicity. 2. Induction of Metabolism: Barbiturates stimulate microsomal enzyme system in the liver and thus in creases metabolic degradation of other drugs such as alcohol, coumarine anticoa gulants, phenytoin etc.
- 8. (d) Interactions Affecting Excretion: One drug may block the renal excretion of another by competing for the same t ubular transport system or may increase the excretion of the drug by increasin g its ionization, A. Inhibition of Excretion : Probenicide competes with penicillin in renal secretion and thus inhibits excreti on of penicillin. B. Increase in Renal Excretion: Antacids like sodium bicarbonate make the urine alkaline and thus enhance th e ionization of weak acidic drugs like salicylates, barbiturates and lea d to their rapid excretion.
- 9. (2) Pharmacodynamic Interactions: This involves interactions at pharmacodynamic level of the drug. There may be) direct interaction between the drugs or drug effects or interaction at receptor level This may enhance or inhibit the total effect. 1. Interactions enhancing the effect: The general anesthetics e specially the halogenated hydrocarbons may sensitize the myoc ardium to the effect of catecholamine’s precipitating cardiac a rrhythmia. 2. Interactions Inhibiting the Effect: Acetylcholine and atropine by competitive antagonism oppose the actions of each other .
- 10. (3) Miscellaneous Drug Interactions; (i) Interactions causing Electrolyte Disturbances: Administration of calcium enhances digitalis toxicity. (ii) Food-Drug interactions: Tyramine present in cheese, banana may be met abolized by MAO if MAOI is given and a severe hypertensive crisis may result. (iii) Interactions with Formulation Additives: Enteric coated tablet may diss olve in the stomach if antacids are administered concurrently. Additives like CM C, gelatin increases the viscosity around the drug particle which results into de creased drug dissolution.