Donor Government Assistance for HIV in 2016

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The document contains 5 figures that provide data on international donor government funding for HIV from 2002-2016. Figure 1 shows that total donor government disbursements for HIV increased from $1.2 billion in 2002 to $8.6 billion in 2016, with a peak of $8.6 billion in 2013. Figure 2 shows that donor government funding decreased between 2015-2016 for most donors. Figure 3 demonstrates that in 2016, the majority (79%) of international donor assistance for HIV came from the Global Fund and UNITAID, rather than directly from bilateral donors. Figure 4 compares donor government shares of global GDP and resources available for HIV in 2016, showing the US contributes 25.7% of HIV resources but only 24.

Healthcare

Figure 1
$1.2
$1.6
$2.8
$3.5
$3.9
$5.0
$7.8 $7.7
$6.9
$7.6 $7.9
$8.5 $8.6
$7.5
$7.0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Current
Constant (2014$)
Donor Government Disbursements for HIV, 2002-2016
US$ Billions
SOURCES: UNAIDS and Kaiser Family Foundation analyses; Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria online data queries; UNITAID Annual
Reports and direct communication; OECD CRS online data queries.

Figure 2
-7%
-21%
-13%
-23%
-8% -9%
-15%
33%
-4%
20%
-33%
2%
-28%
-2%
-60%
-9%
Percent Change in Donor Government Disbursements for
HIV, 2015-2016 (current USD)
SOURCES: UNAIDS and Kaiser Family Foundation analyses; Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria online data queries; UNITAID Annual
Reports and direct communication; OECD CRS online data queries.

Figure 3
79%
92% 89% 85% 84% 81%
59%
52% 48%
43%
31%
14% 13%
8% 8% 7%
21%
8% 11% 15% 16% 19%
41%
48% 52%
57%
69%
86% 87%
92% 92% 93%
Global Fund/
UNITAID
Bilateral
International HIV Assistance: Funding Channels for Donor
Government Disbursements (current USD), 2016
SOURCES: UNAIDS and Kaiser Family Foundation analysis, July 2017; Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria online data query, January
2017; UNITAID direct communication; OECD CRS online data queries.

Figure 4
0.2%
0.6%
0.4%
0.6%
1.1%
0.4%
0.5%
0.1%
1.3%
3.4%
1.0%
0.6%
25.7%
0.4%
0.4%
0.5%
0.7%
1.0%
1.7%
2.0%
2.5%
3.3%
3.5%
4.6%
6.6%
24.7%
Ireland
Denmark
Norway
Sweden
Netherlands
Australia
Canada
Italy
France
United Kingdom
Germany
Japan
United States
Share of World GDP
Share of All Resources for AIDS
*GDP = gross domestic product. NOTE: UNAIDS estimate of resources available for HIV/AIDS from all sources, July 2017. This estimate includes domestic
expenditures (public and private) for all low- and middle- income countries, including countries that transitioned into high income level, according to World
Bank 2013 country classification of income status. SOURCES: UNAIDS and Kaiser Family Foundation analysis, July 2017; Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis
and Malaria online data query, January 2017; UNITAID direct communication; OECD CRS online data queries.
Donor Government Share of World GDP* Compared to
Share of Resources Available for HIV, 2016
US$19.1 Billion
Total Estimated Available
Resources for HIV from All Sources

Figure 5
$14.1
$22.9
$52.5
$61.9
$62.4
$98.4
$106.1
$196.8
$218.7
$245.5
$264.6
$277.8
$347.3
Italy
Japan
Germany
Australia
Canada
France
Ireland
Norway
Sweden
United Kingdom
United States
Netherlands
Denmark
*GDP = gross domestic product.
Sources: UNAIDS and Kaiser Family Foundation analysis, July 2017; Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria online data query, January
2017; UNITAID direct communication; International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, June 2017.
Donor Government Rank by Disbursements for HIV per
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This document summarizes health and healthcare trends among Hispanics in the United States. Some key points: - Hispanics now make up nearly 1 in 5 of the total US population and are projected to account for over 1 in 4 by 2060. - Hispanics face greater health challenges such as higher rates of obesity, diabetes, and fair/poor health status compared to whites. - Access to healthcare is also more limited for Hispanics - they are more likely to be uninsured, lack a usual source of care, and go without care due to costs. - While the Affordable Care Act helped reduce rates of uninsurance among both Hispanics and children, Hispanics still have

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Basics of Electrocardiogram CONTENTS ●Conduction System of the Heart ●What is ECG or EKG? ●ECG Leads ●Normal waves of ECG. ●Dimensions of ECG. ● Abnormalities of ECG CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART ECG: ●ECG is a graphic record of the electrical activity of the heart. ●Electrical activity precedes the mechanical activity of the heart. ●Electrical activity has two phases: Depolarization- contraction of muscle Repolarization- relaxation of muscle ECG Leads: ●6 Chest leads ●6 Limb leads 1. Bipolar Limb Leads: Lead 1- Between right arm(-ve) and left arm(+ve) Lead 2- Between right arm(-ve) and left leg(+ve) Lead 3- Between left arm(-ve) and left leg(+ve) 2. Augmented unipolar Limb Leads: AvR- Right arm AvL- Left arm AvF- Left leg 3.Chest Leads: V1 : Over 4th intercostal space near right sternal margin V2: Over 4th intercostal space near left sternal margin V3:In between V2 and V4 V4:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid clavicular line V5:Over left 5th intercostal space on the anterior axillary line V6:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid axillary line. Normal ECG: Waves of ECG: P Wave •P Wave is a positive wave and the first wave in ECG. •It is also called as atrial complex. Cause: Atrial depolarisation Duration: 0.1 sec QRS Complex: •QRS’ complex is also called the initial ventricular complex. •‘Q’ wave is a small negative wave. It is continued as the tall ‘R’ wave, which is a positive wave. ‘R’ wave is followed by a small negative wave, the ‘S’ wave. Cause:Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization Duration: 0.08- 0.10 sec T Wave: •‘T’ wave is the final ventricular complex and is a positive wave. Cause:Ventricular repolarization Duration: 0.2 sec Intervals and Segments of ECG: P-R Interval: •‘P-R’ interval is the interval between the onset of ‘P’wave and onset of ‘Q’ wave. •‘P-R’ interval cause atrial depolarization and conduction of impulses through AV node. Duration:0.18 (0.12 to 0.2) sec Q-T Interval: •‘Q-T’ interval is the interval between the onset of ‘Q’ wave and the end of ‘T’ wave. •‘Q-T’ interval indicates the ventricular depolarization and ventricular repolarization, i.e. it signifies the electrical activity in ventricles. Duration:0.4-0.42sec S-T Segment: •‘S-T’ segment is the time interval between the end of ‘S’ wave and the onset of ‘T’ wave. Duration: 0.08 sec R-R Interval: •‘R-R’ interval is the time interval between two consecutive ‘R’ waves. •It signifies the duration of one cardiac cycle. Duration: 0.8 sec Dimension of ECG: How to find heart rhytm of the heart? Regular rhytm: Irregular rhytm: More than or less than 4 How to find heart rate using ECG? If heart Rhytm is Regular : Heart rate = 300/No.of large b/w 2 QRS complex = 300/4 =75 beats/mins How to find heart rate using ECG? If heart Rhytm is irregular: Heart rate = 10×No.of QRS complex in 6 sec 5large box = 1sec 5×6=30 10×7 = 70 Beats/min Abnormalities of ECG: Cardiac Arrythmias: 1.Tachycardia Heart Rate more than 100 beats/min

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How to effectively start market research in the health tech industry by defining objectives, crafting problem statements, selecting methods, identifying data collection sources, and setting clear timelines. This guide covers all the preliminary steps needed to lay a strong foundation for your research. "Market Research it too text-booky, I am in the market for a decade, I am living research book" this is what the founder I met on the event claimed, few of my colleagues rolled their eyes. Its true that one cannot over look the real life experience, but one cannot out beat structured gold mine of market research. Many 0 to 1 startup founders often overlook market research, but this critical step can make or break a venture, especially in health tech. But Why do they skip it? Limited resources—time, money, and manpower—are common culprits. "In fact, a survey by CB Insights found that 42% of startups fail due to no market need, which is like building a spaceship to Mars only to realise you forgot the fuel." Sudharsan Srinivasan Operational Partner Pitchworks VC Studio Overconfidence in their product’s success leads founders to assume it will naturally find its market, especially in health tech where patient needs, entire system issues and regulatory requirements are as complex as trying to perform brain surgery with a butter knife. Additionally, the pressure to launch quickly and the belief in their own intuition further contribute to this oversight. Yet, thorough market research in health tech could be the key to transforming a startup's vision into a life-saving reality, instead of a medical mishap waiting to happen. Example of Market Research working Innovaccer, founded by Abhinav Shashank in 2014, focuses on improving healthcare delivery through data-driven insights and interoperability solutions. Before launching their platform, Innovaccer conducted extensive market research to understand the challenges faced by healthcare organizations and the potential for innovation in healthcare IT. Identifying Pain Points: Innovaccer surveyed healthcare providers to understand their difficulties with data integration, care coordination, and patient engagement. They found widespread frustration with siloed systems and inefficient workflows. Competitive Analysis: Analyzed competitors offering similar solutions in healthcare analytics and interoperability. Identified gaps in comprehensive data aggregation, real-time analytics, and actionable insights. Regulatory Compliance: Ensured their platform complied with HIPAA and other healthcare data privacy regulations. This compliance was crucial to gaining trust from healthcare providers wary of data security issues. Customer Validation: Conducted pilot programs with several healthcare organizations to validate the platform's effectiveness in improving care outcomes and operational efficiency. Gathered feedback to refine features and user interface.

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1. Figure 1 $1.2 $1.6 $2.8 $3.5 $3.9 $5.0 $7.8 $7.7 $6.9 $7.6 $7.9 $8.5 $8.6 $7.5 $7.0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Current Constant (2014$) Donor Government Disbursements for HIV, 2002-2016 US$ Billions SOURCES: UNAIDS and Kaiser Family Foundation analyses; Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria online data queries; UNITAID Annual Reports and direct communication; OECD CRS online data queries.

2. Figure 2 -7% -21% -13% -23% -8% -9% -15% 33% -4% 20% -33% 2% -28% -2% -60% -9% Percent Change in Donor Government Disbursements for HIV, 2015-2016 (current USD) SOURCES: UNAIDS and Kaiser Family Foundation analyses; Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria online data queries; UNITAID Annual Reports and direct communication; OECD CRS online data queries.

3. Figure 3 79% 92% 89% 85% 84% 81% 59% 52% 48% 43% 31% 14% 13% 8% 8% 7% 21% 8% 11% 15% 16% 19% 41% 48% 52% 57% 69% 86% 87% 92% 92% 93% Global Fund/ UNITAID Bilateral International HIV Assistance: Funding Channels for Donor Government Disbursements (current USD), 2016 SOURCES: UNAIDS and Kaiser Family Foundation analysis, July 2017; Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria online data query, January 2017; UNITAID direct communication; OECD CRS online data queries.

4. Figure 4 0.2% 0.6% 0.4% 0.6% 1.1% 0.4% 0.5% 0.1% 1.3% 3.4% 1.0% 0.6% 25.7% 0.4% 0.4% 0.5% 0.7% 1.0% 1.7% 2.0% 2.5% 3.3% 3.5% 4.6% 6.6% 24.7% Ireland Denmark Norway Sweden Netherlands Australia Canada Italy France United Kingdom Germany Japan United States Share of World GDP Share of All Resources for AIDS *GDP = gross domestic product. NOTE: UNAIDS estimate of resources available for HIV/AIDS from all sources, July 2017. This estimate includes domestic expenditures (public and private) for all low- and middle- income countries, including countries that transitioned into high income level, according to World Bank 2013 country classification of income status. SOURCES: UNAIDS and Kaiser Family Foundation analysis, July 2017; Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria online data query, January 2017; UNITAID direct communication; OECD CRS online data queries. Donor Government Share of World GDP* Compared to Share of Resources Available for HIV, 2016 US$19.1 Billion Total Estimated Available Resources for HIV from All Sources

5. Figure 5 $14.1 $22.9 $52.5 $61.9 $62.4 $98.4 $106.1 $196.8 $218.7 $245.5 $264.6 $277.8 $347.3 Italy Japan Germany Australia Canada France Ireland Norway Sweden United Kingdom United States Netherlands Denmark *GDP = gross domestic product. Sources: UNAIDS and Kaiser Family Foundation analysis, July 2017; Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria online data query, January 2017; UNITAID direct communication; International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, June 2017. Donor Government Rank by Disbursements for HIV per US$1 Million GDP*, 2016

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