Valeriy Rabievskiy leads a web studio called stfalcon.com and is an active open source developer. Doctrine 2 is separated into common, DBAL, ORM, and migrations libraries. Entities are lightweight PHP classes that store data in object properties without needing to extend a base class. The EntityManager acts as the central access point for ORM functions like updating entities and accessing repositories. ZF2 integrates with Doctrine 2 through autoloading. The console provides commands for tasks like validating the schema, generating proxies, and running migrations to update the database schema.

1. Doctrine 2

2. Who am I?
Валерий Рабиевский
Team lead веб-студии stfalcon.com
Активный разработчик Open Source
движка ZFEngine (ZF + Doctrine)
Более 4 лет опыта работы с PHP

3. Почему?
Doctrine 2

4. Библиотеки
— Common
— DBAL (включает Common)
— ORM (включает DBAL+Common)
— Migrations (часть DBAL)
— Object Document Mapper:
MongoDB
CouchDB
github.com/doctrine

5. Entities
— Легкая модель (самый простой PHP класс)
— Не нужно наследование от базового класса
— Есть возможность наследовать модель от
своих базовых классов
— Конструктор модели можно использовать
для своих нужд
— Данные хранятся непосредственно в
свойствах объекта

6. Пример модели
namespace Entities;
class User
{
private $id;
private $name;
public function getId() { return $this->id; }
public function getName()
{
return $this->name;
}
public function setName($name)
{
$this->name = $name;
}
}
namespace Entities;
class User
{
private $id;
private $name;
public function getId() { return $this->id; }
public function getName()
{
return $this->name;
}
public function setName($name)
{
$this->name = $name;
}
}

7. EntityManager
EntityManager является центральной
точкой доступа к функциям ORM
— Управление обновлением сущностей
— Доступ к репозиториям сущностей
— Используется паттерн UnitOfWork

8. ZF2 + D2
protected function _initAutoload()
{
$loader = new ZendLoaderStandardAutoloader();
$loader->registerNamespace('Doctrine', '/path/to/Doctrine');
$loader->registerNamespace('Symfony', '/path/to/Symfony');
$loader->register();
}
protected function _initAutoload()
{
$loader = new ZendLoaderStandardAutoloader();
$loader->registerNamespace('Doctrine', '/path/to/Doctrine');
$loader->registerNamespace('Symfony', '/path/to/Symfony');
$loader->register();
}
Добавляем автозагрузку в Bootstrap

9. Настройка Doctrine 2
./application/configs/application.xml
<!-- production -->
<doctrine>
<connection><!-- user, password, database, etc --></connection>
<paths>
<entities>path/to/entities</entities>
<proxies>path/to/proxies</proxies>
</paths>
<proxiesNamespace value="ApplicationModelProxies" />
<autogenerateProxyClasses value="0" />
<cacheAdapter value="DoctrineCommonCacheApcCache" />
</doctrine>
<!-- development -->
...
<autogenerateProxyClasses value="1" />
<cacheAdapter value="DoctrineCommonCacheArrayCache" />
…
<!-- production -->
<doctrine>
<connection><!-- user, password, database, etc --></connection>
<paths>
<entities>path/to/entities</entities>
<proxies>path/to/proxies</proxies>
</paths>
<proxiesNamespace value="ApplicationModelProxies" />
<autogenerateProxyClasses value="0" />
<cacheAdapter value="DoctrineCommonCacheApcCache" />
</doctrine>
<!-- development -->
...
<autogenerateProxyClasses value="1" />
<cacheAdapter value="DoctrineCommonCacheArrayCache" />
…

10. Подключение EntityManager
protected function _initEntityManager() {
if (is_null($this->_em)) {
$options = $this->getOption('doctrine');
$cache = new $options['cacheAdapter'];
$config = new Configuration();
$driverImpl = $config
->newDefaultAnnotationDriver($options['paths']['entities']);
$config->setMetadataCacheImpl($cache);
$config->setMetadataDriverImpl($driverImpl);
$config->setQueryCacheImpl($cache);
$config->setProxyNamespace($options['proxiesNamespace']);
$config->setProxyDir($options['paths']['proxies']);
$config->setAutoGenerateProxyClasses(
$options['autogenerateProxyClasses']
);
$this->_em =
EntityManager::create($options['connection'], $config);
}
return $this->_em;
}
protected function _initEntityManager() {
if (is_null($this->_em)) {
$options = $this->getOption('doctrine');
$cache = new $options['cacheAdapter'];
$config = new Configuration();
$driverImpl = $config
->newDefaultAnnotationDriver($options['paths']['entities']);
$config->setMetadataCacheImpl($cache);
$config->setMetadataDriverImpl($driverImpl);
$config->setQueryCacheImpl($cache);
$config->setProxyNamespace($options['proxiesNamespace']);
$config->setProxyDir($options['paths']['proxies']);
$config->setAutoGenerateProxyClasses(
$options['autogenerateProxyClasses']
);
$this->_em =
EntityManager::create($options['connection'], $config);
}
return $this->_em;
}

11. Mapping

12. Basic Mapping
— Docblock Annotations
— XML
— YAML
— PHP

13. Association Mapping
— One-To-One & Many-To-Many:
— Unidirectional
— Bidirectional
— Self-referencing
— Many-To-One, Unidirectional
— One-To-Many:
— Unidirectional with Join Table
— Bidirectional
— Self-referencing

14. Inheritance Mapping
— Mapped Superclasses
— Single Table Inheritance
— Class Table Inheritance

15. Mapping
...
/**
* @ManyToOne(targetEntity="Address", inversedBy="users")
* @JoinColumn(name="address_id", referencedColumnName="id")
*/
private $address;
...
...
/**
* @ManyToOne(targetEntity="Address", inversedBy="users")
* @JoinColumn(name="address_id", referencedColumnName="id")
*/
private $address;
...
...
/** @OneToMany(targetEntity="User", mappedBy="address") */
private $user;
...
...
/** @OneToMany(targetEntity="User", mappedBy="address") */
private $user;
...
Entities/User
Entitites/Address

16. Console

17. Console
...
$em = $application->getBootstrap()->getResource('EntityManager');
...
$helpers = array(
'db' => new DBALHelperConnectionHelper($em->getConnection()),
'em' => new ORMHelperEntityManagerHelper($em),
'dialog' => new SymfonyComponentConsoleHelperDialogHelper(),
);
...
$cli = new SymfonyComponentConsoleApplication(
'Doctrine Command Line Interface', DoctrineCommonVersion::VERSION);
$cli->setCatchExceptions(true);
...
$cli->addCommands(array(
new DBALCommandRunSqlCommand(),
new ORMCommandValidateSchemaCommand(),
new MigrationsCommandVersionCommand()
));
$cli->run();
...
$em = $application->getBootstrap()->getResource('EntityManager');
...
$helpers = array(
'db' => new DBALHelperConnectionHelper($em->getConnection()),
'em' => new ORMHelperEntityManagerHelper($em),
'dialog' => new SymfonyComponentConsoleHelperDialogHelper(),
);
...
$cli = new SymfonyComponentConsoleApplication(
'Doctrine Command Line Interface', DoctrineCommonVersion::VERSION);
$cli->setCatchExceptions(true);
...
$cli->addCommands(array(
new DBALCommandRunSqlCommand(),
new ORMCommandValidateSchemaCommand(),
new MigrationsCommandVersionCommand()
));
$cli->run();

18. Console
$ ./doctrine
Doctrine Command Line Interface version 2.0.0RC3-DEV
Usage:
[options] command [arguments]
dbal
:import
:run-sql
orm
:convert-d1-schema
:convert-mapping
:generate-proxies
:generate-repositories
:run-dql
:validate-schema
orm:clear-cache
:metadata
:query
:result
$ ./doctrine
Doctrine Command Line Interface version 2.0.0RC3-DEV
Usage:
[options] command [arguments]
dbal
:import
:run-sql
orm
:convert-d1-schema
:convert-mapping
:generate-proxies
:generate-repositories
:run-dql
:validate-schema
orm:clear-cache
:metadata
:query
:result

19. Console: ORM
$ ./doctrine orm:ensure-production-settings
Proxy Classes are always regenerating.
$ ./doctrine orm:ensure-production-settings
SQLSTATE[28000] [1045] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost'
$ ./doctrine orm:ensure-production-settings
Environment is correctly configured for production.
$ ./doctrine orm:ensure-production-settings
Proxy Classes are always regenerating.
$ ./doctrine orm:ensure-production-settings
SQLSTATE[28000] [1045] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost'
$ ./doctrine orm:ensure-production-settings
Environment is correctly configured for production.
Проверка корректности настроек
для production

20. Console: ORM
Валидация модели
$ ./doctrine orm:validate-schema
[Mapping] FAIL - The entity-class 'EntitiesAddress' mapping is invalid:
* The field EntitiesAddress#user is on the inverse side of a
bi-directional Relationship, but the specified mappedBy association
on the target-entity EntitiesUser#address does not contain the
required 'inversedBy' attribute.
[Database] FAIL - The database schema is not in sync with the
current mapping file.
$ ./doctrine orm:validate-schema
[Mapping] FAIL - The entity-class 'EntitiesAddress' mapping is invalid:
* The field EntitiesAddress#user is on the inverse side of a
bi-directional Relationship, but the specified mappedBy association
on the target-entity EntitiesUser#address does not contain the
required 'inversedBy' attribute.
[Database] FAIL - The database schema is not in sync with the
current mapping file.

21. Migrations

22. Migrations
Что нужно:
— стандартный скрипт для подключения консоли
— в папку с скриптом добавить migrations.xml (или yaml)
<doctrine-migrations>
<name>Doctrine Migrations</name>
<migrations-namespace>
DoctrineMigrations
</migrations-namespace>
<table name="migration_versions" />
<migrations-directory>/path/to/migrations/</migrations-directory>
</doctrine-migrations>
<doctrine-migrations>
<name>Doctrine Migrations</name>
<migrations-namespace>
DoctrineMigrations
</migrations-namespace>
<table name="migration_versions" />
<migrations-directory>/path/to/migrations/</migrations-directory>
</doctrine-migrations>

23. Migrations
Доступные команды
$ ./doctrine
...
migrations
:diff :generate :status
:execute :migrate :version
...
$ ./doctrine
...
migrations
:diff :generate :status
:execute :migrate :version
...

24. Migrations
Фиксируем изменения в миграции
$ ./doctrine migrations:diff
Generated new migration class
to "path/to/migrations/Version20101124201328.php" from schema differences.
$ ./doctrine migrations:diff
Generated new migration class
to "path/to/migrations/Version20101124201328.php" from schema differences.
namespace DoctrineMigrations;
class Version20101124201328 extends AbstractMigration
{
public function up(Schema $schema) {
$this->_addSql('CREATE TABLE users (...) ENGINE = InnoDB');
}
public function down(Schema $schema) {
$this->_addSql('DROP TABLE users');
}
}
namespace DoctrineMigrations;
class Version20101124201328 extends AbstractMigration
{
public function up(Schema $schema) {
$this->_addSql('CREATE TABLE users (...) ENGINE = InnoDB');
}
public function down(Schema $schema) {
$this->_addSql('DROP TABLE users');
}
}

25. Migrations
Накатывание миграции
$ ./doctrine migrations:migrate --dry-run
Executing dry run of migration up to 20101124201328 from 0
++ migrating 20101124201328
-> CREATE TABLE users ( ... ) ENGINE = InnoDB
++ migrated (0.01s)
------------------------
++ finished in 0.01
++ 1 migrations executed
++ 1 sql queries
$ ./doctrine migrations:migrate --dry-run
Executing dry run of migration up to 20101124201328 from 0
++ migrating 20101124201328
-> CREATE TABLE users ( ... ) ENGINE = InnoDB
++ migrated (0.01s)
------------------------
++ finished in 0.01
++ 1 migrations executed
++ 1 sql queries

26. Migrations
Генерируем заготовку миграции
$ ./doctrine migrations:generate --editor-cmd=netbeans
Generated new migration class to "path/to/migrations/Version20101124201328.php"
$ ./doctrine migrations:generate --editor-cmd=netbeans
Generated new migration class to "path/to/migrations/Version20101124201328.php"
namespace DoctrineMigrations;
class Version20101124201328 extends AbstractMigration
{
public function up(Schema $schema) {
// $this->_addSql('CREATE TABLE users (...) ENGINE = InnoDB');
$table = $schema->createTable('users');
$table->addColumn('username', 'string');
}
public function down(Schema $schema) {
$schema->dropTable('users');
}
}
namespace DoctrineMigrations;
class Version20101124201328 extends AbstractMigration
{
public function up(Schema $schema) {
// $this->_addSql('CREATE TABLE users (...) ENGINE = InnoDB');
$table = $schema->createTable('users');
$table->addColumn('username', 'string');
}
public function down(Schema $schema) {
$schema->dropTable('users');
}
}

27. Использование
Пример работы с моделями
$em = $this->getInvokeArg('bootstrap')
->getResource('EntityManager');
$address = new EntitiesAddress();
$address->setStreet('Киевская, 1');
$user = new EntitiesUser();
$user->setName('Ваня');
$user->setAddress($address);
$em->persist($address);
$em->persist($user);
$em->flush();
$em = $this->getInvokeArg('bootstrap')
->getResource('EntityManager');
$address = new EntitiesAddress();
$address->setStreet('Киевская, 1');
$user = new EntitiesUser();
$user->setName('Ваня');
$user->setAddress($address);
$em->persist($address);
$em->persist($user);
$em->flush();

28. Использование
Пример работы с моделями
$user = $em->find('EntitiesUser', 1);
$user->getAddress();
// → object ProxiesEntitiesAddressProxy
$user->getName(); // Ваня
$user->setName('Петя');
$em->flush();
...
$user = $em->find('EntitiesUser', 1);
$user->getName(); // Петя
$user = $em->find('EntitiesUser', 1);
$user->getAddress();
// → object ProxiesEntitiesAddressProxy
$user->getName(); // Ваня
$user->setName('Петя');
$em->flush();
...
$user = $em->find('EntitiesUser', 1);
$user->getName(); // Петя

29. Doctrine Query Language
Doctrine 1
— Не было реального парсера DQL
Doctrine 2
— Abstract Syntax Tree

30. Behaviors

31. Behaviors
Нет и не будет
расширений «из коробки»
Events & Subscribers+
−

32. Events
namespace Entities;
/**
* @HasLifecycleCallbacks
*/
class User {
…
/** @PrePersist */
public function updateCreatedAt()
{
$this->createdAt = date('Y-m-d H:m:s');
}
}
namespace Entities;
/**
* @HasLifecycleCallbacks
*/
class User {
…
/** @PrePersist */
public function updateCreatedAt()
{
$this->createdAt = date('Y-m-d H:m:s');
}
}

33. Lifecycle Events
— pre/postRemove
— pre/postPersist
— pre/postUpdate
— postLoad
— loadClassMetadata
— onFlush

34. Event Listeners
Простейший подписчик на события
class MyEventSubscriber implements EventSubscriber
{
public function getSubscribedEvents() {
return array(
Events::preUpdate
);
}
public function preUpdate(PreUpdateEventArgs $eventArgs) {
if ($eventArgs->getEntity() instanceof User) {
if ($eventArgs->hasChangedField('name')) { /*наш код*/ }
}
}
}
$entityManager->getEventManager()
->addEventSubscriber(new MyEventSubscriber());
class MyEventSubscriber implements EventSubscriber
{
public function getSubscribedEvents() {
return array(
Events::preUpdate
);
}
public function preUpdate(PreUpdateEventArgs $eventArgs) {
if ($eventArgs->getEntity() instanceof User) {
if ($eventArgs->hasChangedField('name')) { /*наш код*/ }
}
}
}
$entityManager->getEventManager()
->addEventSubscriber(new MyEventSubscriber());

35. Behavioral Extensions
goo.gl/Mgnwg
(www.doctrine-project.org/blog/doctrine2-behavioral-extensions)
...
/**
* @gedmo:Timestampable(on="create")
* @Column(type="date")
*/
private $created;
/**
* @gedmo:Timestampable(on="update")
* @Column(type="datetime")
*/
private $updated;
...
...
/**
* @gedmo:Timestampable(on="create")
* @Column(type="date")
*/
private $created;
/**
* @gedmo:Timestampable(on="update")
* @Column(type="datetime")
*/
private $updated;
...

36. Репликация
Doctrine 1
$connections = array(
'master' => 'mysql://root:@master/dbname',
'slave_1' => 'mysql://root:@slave1/dbname',
'slave_2' => 'mysql://root:@slave2/dbname',
);
foreach ($connections as $name => $dsn) {
Doctrine_Manager::connection($dsn, $name);
}
$connections = array(
'master' => 'mysql://root:@master/dbname',
'slave_1' => 'mysql://root:@slave1/dbname',
'slave_2' => 'mysql://root:@slave2/dbname',
);
foreach ($connections as $name => $dsn) {
Doctrine_Manager::connection($dsn, $name);
}

37. Репликация
Doctrine 1
Doctrine 2
:(
$connections = array(
'master' => 'mysql://root:@master/dbname',
'slave_1' => 'mysql://root:@slave1/dbname',
'slave_2' => 'mysql://root:@slave2/dbname',
);
foreach ($connections as $name => $dsn) {
Doctrine_Manager::connection($dsn, $name);
}
$connections = array(
'master' => 'mysql://root:@master/dbname',
'slave_1' => 'mysql://root:@slave1/dbname',
'slave_2' => 'mysql://root:@slave2/dbname',
);
foreach ($connections as $name => $dsn) {
Doctrine_Manager::connection($dsn, $name);
}

38. Репликация
В Doctrine 2 все действия с моделью
происходят через EntityManager
Значит можно:
— создать несколько EM на каждое
подключение;
— расширить стандартный EM поддержкой
репликаций;

39. Предпоследняя
Исходный код моих экспериментов с ZF2 и
Doctrine 2 скоро появится на GitHub'e:
github.com/ftrrtf

40. Спасибо за внимание!
Есть вопросы?
Валерий Рабиевский
mail@ftrrtf.com
twitter.com/ftrrtf
facebook.com/ftrrtf